小升初必考英语语法.doc

小升初必考英语语法 ：“一般过去时”I.一般过去时的概念一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。例如：I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。II. 一般过去时的构成我们主要来学习谓语动词为实义动词的一般过去时的构成。动词过去式的构成：(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则： 一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。III. 一般过去时的几种句型肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。如：He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天去玩具店了。否定句结构为：主语+did not (didnt)+动词原形+其它。如：He didnt go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天没去玩具店。一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成：Did+主语动词原形其它。如：1) -Did you go to Beijing last week? -Yes, we did. (No, we didnt.)2) -Did you meet the businessman before?-No, I didnt. (Yes, I did.)一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词did+主语动词原形其它。如：1) -What did you do last night?-I did my homework.2) -Where did you go last week?-I went to Shanghai with my parents.附：一般过去时口诀一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。否定句很简单，didnt 站在动词原形前，其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。小升初英语听力测试高分策略小升初英语听力也是考试的一个重要部分，听力技巧也是备考的重要一环。英国听力教学法专家MaryUnderwood根据听力理论和记忆的心理规律设计了听的三个步骤。它们不仅适用于平时的听力训练，也适用于应试听力的全过程。第一步：听前(pre-listening)阅读题干，预估题意如果自己对题目了如指掌，答题时就会从容不迫，有的放矢，不会因来不及读题而错过答题。因此，同学们应尽量利用“拿到试卷”到“播放听力录音”这段时间迅速预读题目(包括题干和选项)，对可能设计的内容做出粗略的猜测和推断，同时也需进行联想，即可能会出现的内容与自己具有的相关知识联系起来，思想介入到要听的内容中去。小学英语试卷中的听力题多数是以图画的形式出现，这就要求同学们根据图片猜测图片中所蕴含的潜在信息进行预测。如图画中出现不同的人物、动物、数字、时间或动作，同学们要比较各个图画的异同，从不同点入手，预测听的内容，以便在听时抓住听取的关键信息。必要时也可以先对时间、数字等内容做一下标记以便在听录音的时候能够提高答题效率。例如在做PEP小学英语活动手册三年级下册17页的listen and draw时，我会让学生先数出图中所画的文具的数量，记下来，再听录音，这样学生一听到录音就能马上算出还需要再画几件文具，大大提高了答题效率。第二步：听时(while-listening)集中精力，听看想记听音时思想要集中，但情绪不可过度紧张。在听音中要利用预测时得到的潜在信息把握听音的重点。听录音时，仅凭大脑的短时记忆是不够的，还要借助笔记，简明扼要的记录是十分必要的，尤其在听短文或较长的对话时更是如此。但需要强调指出的是听力测试中的记录应是速记，不是听写。因此考生在听时，只需要用自己认识的，最简便、最迅速的办法(例如：字母、缩写、符号、图示、甚至中文)记录下来要点以促进有效记忆。如：“January”可以简单记成“Jan.”，“fifteen”可以记成“15”，“schoolbag”可以记成“书包”。听录音时，既要不断输入、理解、存贮信息，还不能中断听的过程;既要集中精力听，又要注意用心记，紧扣话题把握说话者的思路，捕捉信息词，连贯记忆主要信息。对于不会作答的，立即暂时搁置，准备听新的题目。切不可因为一个词听不清，就停下来琢磨一阵，这样，等反应过来时，录音的播放已经过了好几句，弄得顾此失彼。在听音过程中，必须眼耳并用，也就是一边用耳听，一边用眼浏览选择项进行分析和归纳，做到听与浏览相结合、听与思考及记忆相结合。这一过程必须在短暂的时间内完成。如果听音材料读两遍的话，最好第一遍听大意，边听边记，记录要简明扼要，第二遍再做题。如果第一遍没听清，可在第二遍放音时全力以赴，集中精力捕获相关信息。第三步：听后(post-listening)分析推理，修正答案听完试题后要前后联系，利用后面听到的信息补充前面漏听或有疑问的信息，并对听前、听中的预测、判断加以推理、分析、修正，迅速整理所记下的东西，根据记忆和题目完成未做完的单词、句子和选项。听力测试通常是放在笔试之前，这就要求学生在听力测试结束之后，不应急于做笔试部分，而应凭着刚刚从录音机上听到的所有信息的短暂记忆，再次对整个听力试卷进行一次全面检查，及时修正错误的答案。总之，听力的提高是一个循序渐进、日积月累的过程。在听力训练中，我们应该制定目标，坚持不懈，进行系统的听力训练，夯实语言基本功，掌握良好的听力技巧，认真体会，不断实践，这样就一定能提高听力水平。小升初英语每日一练（1）一、语法巩固1. What _ useful dictionary it is!A. a B. an C. the D. /2. Mr. Green has little time today, _?A. have he B. hasnt he C. does he D. doesnt he3. They will go to the Great Wall if it _ tomorrow.A. isnt rain B. rains C. doesnt rain D. wont rain4. This box is _ heavy for me _ carry.A. too to B. to too C. to to D. too too 5. There _ an English film tomorrow evening.A. will have B. will has C. is going to have D. is going to be6. Hurry up, _ well miss the train.A. but B. or C. and D. so二、完形精练John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill. He called the doctor and made sure they _41_ meet at five. He arrived at the doctors at twenty _42_ five. He thought, “ Its a little bit earlier. Ill wait for a moment. Its good _43_ there on time.”_44_ he stopped his car in front of the doctors. He _45_ and saw a noisy square not far from here. He went there and sat down on a chair to enjoy the last light of afternoon sun and _46_ himself quiet. He saw some children playing and some women talking to each other happily.Suddenly he _47_ a girl crying. He came up to her and asked some questions. Then he knew she got lost. John tried to find out her _48_ and took her home. The girls parents were very thankful.Then John hurried to the doctors. When the doctor saw him, he was very _49_ and said, “Youre late. Why did you keep me waiting for twenty minutes?” John said _50_ except one wordsorry.41. A. should B. shall C. would D. will42. A. past B. to C. of D. after43. A. to arrived at B. to get C. to leave D. to ride44. A. Every time B. From now on C. Before D. Then45. A. looked for B. looked after C. looked at D. looked around46. A. made B. let C . had D. felt47. A. hears B. was hearing C. heard D. would hear48. A. name B. school C. age D. address49. A. polite B. angry C. happy D. kind50 .A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing2012小升初英语每日一练答案解析（1）一、语法巩固1A 解析：a后面跟以辅音开头的词，an跟以元音开头的词。useful是以辅音j开头的，应该选择a. 注意，本类题经常考以元音字母开头但发音是辅音的词，比如说university, 字母U等。2C 解析：反意疑问句构成be/助动词/情态动词+代词，而且前肯后否，前否后肯。本题中have是实意动词，用助动词have;前半句中有little这个半否定的词，应该理解为前否，后面用肯定的does,选C.此类半否定或全否定的词还有few,never,no等等。3C 解析：题中有if引导的条件状语从句，根据主将从现原则，从句中用现在时。4A 解析：too-to意思为太而不能-，这是固定用法。本句意思是这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。5D 解析：本题其实考的是there be 句型，意思是有，只有D选项中有be.6B 解析：本题考查的是连词的意思，but表转折，or意思为否则，and表并列，so表示因此。根据句意，应该用or.意思是快一点，否则我们就会错过火车的。二、完形精练1C 解析：本题考查情态动词用法。全文都是过去时，选项中will,shall不能用于否定句，should表示应该等，would可以表示将要做某事，本题选would更合适，可以看做过去将来时。2B 解析：下文有a little bit earlier说明此时应该还不到五点，应该用to, twenty to five意思是差20分五点，就是4：40.3B 解析：根据上文，本句意思应该是准时到那儿比较好。选项A,B有到达的意思。Arrive at后面应该加名词，所以选B.4D 解析：本题通过分析选项的意思就可得出答案。Every time每次，from now on 从今以后，before 在-之前且before只能做连词或介词，不能引导单独的句子，then 然后，应该选then.5D 解析：本题考查look常用的几个词组的意义。look for寻找，look after 照顾，look at看，前三个词组后面都要加宾语。look around往四周看。选D最合适。6A 解析：make+sb+形容词，表示使某人处于某种状态。7C 解析：本句考查时态，表示他过去的一个状态，用一般过去时heard.8D 解析：后面半句说他带她回家，所以应该是他试着找出她的地址。9B 解析：he代的是医生，从后面说的话可以看出，对于他的迟到医生是很生气的，选angry.10D 解析：后面半句的是，除了一个词对不起。说明前面意思应该是他什么都没说除了一个词，选nothing表示什么都没说。 小升初英语每日一练（2）一、语法精练1.My brother plays_football very wellAa Bthe C. all D. /2.Birds _ when there isnt enough food for themA starve Bare starving Cstarved Dstarves3.I can see an apple _ the apple tree and a bird _ the banana tree.Aon, in Bin,in Con,on Din,on4.I have a red boxIts full _ toys,so its very _.Aof, light Bfor，big Clike,small Dof,heavy5.Your football shoes are under the chairPlease _.Aput away it Bput it away Cput away them Dput them away6.Moms in a bad _，so be nice to herAtime Btrouble C. manner Dmood二、 阅读理解Mr.White looks out of his windowThere is a boy at the other side of the streetThe boy takes some bread out of a bag and begins eating itThere is a very thin dog in the street, tooThe boy says to it, “Ill give you some bread.” The dog is hungry and goes to the boy, but he does not give it any breadHe kicks the dogIt runs away, and the boy laughsThen Mr.White comes out of his house and says to the boy“Ill give you a shilling (先令).”The boy is happy and says,“Yes.”“Come here.” Mr.White saysThe boy goes to him，but Mr.White does not give him a shillingHe hits him with a stick. The boy cries and says, “Why do you hit me? I do not ask you for any money.” “No,” Mr.White says,“And the dog does not ask you for any bread,but you kick it.”1Where is Mr.White at first?AHe is in the roomBHe is in the streetCHe is in front of the houseDHe stands close to the boy2Why does the dog go to the boy? Because_Ait wants to eatBthe boy asks it to do soCthe boy is the dogs ownerDthe boy is friendly to it3Why does the dog run away? Because_Athe boy gives some breadBthe dog doesnt like breadCthe dog doesnt like the boyDthe boy kicks the dog4Why does Mr.White tell the boy to come up to him? Because he wants to_Agive him a shillingBgive him a good lesson(教训)Cgive him some more breadDhelp the boy5What kind of man do you think Mr.White is? He is a _manAcruel (粗鲁的)Bsympathetic (富有同情心的)CfriendlyDpolite (有礼貌的)2012小升初英语每日一练答案解析（2）一、语法精练1.D 解析：本题考查冠词的用法，在球类的名词前不加冠词。2.A 解析：本题可以用排除法，本句不强调现在正在进行的动作，所以不选B.从句中是一般现在时，根据句意，不需要用过去时，C排除。Birds是复数，不需要用单三形式，D排除，所以选A.3.A 解析：on表示本来就在数上的东西，如水果叶子等；in表示外来物在树上，指原来并不长在树上的东西。所以选A.4.D 解析：be full of指装满，这是固定的用法。然后根据句意判断，箱子里装满玩具，所以应该是很重的。5.D 解析：此类词组在与代词连用时应该把代词放在中间，跟名词连用时则放中间或末尾均可。类似词组还有put on, take away,等，本句中代词指代的是shoes应该用them.6.D 解析：be in a bad mood表示某人的心情不好。二、阅读理解1.A 解析：本题可以从第一句得出答案，他从窗户往外看，可以推出他是在屋里的。2.A 解析：本题从第三行的最后一句可以得出答案，狗很饿然后它走向小男孩。狗是想吃东西才向小男孩走去。3.D 解析：本题答案在第四行。4.B 解析：最后两题都需要在理解后半部分故事的基础上进行推敲。Mr. White把小男孩叫过来说要给他一个先令，但是他打了小男孩一顿，正如男孩对小狗做的一样。Mr. White是为了教训小男孩。其他三项都是不准确的。5.B 解析：读懂整篇故事，就可以知道，Mr White是对小动物很有同情心的。小升初英语每日一练（3）一、用所给词的适当形式填空1. - _ (not smoke) here.- Im sorry.-Can you see a sign on the wall? It means “No _ (smoke)”.2. Their father _ (swim) very fast. Look, he _ (swim) in the sports hall now.3-Wheres my camera?-It _ (is) on the table a moment ago.4_ (do) Nancys brothers usually get up at six?5. There are a lot of books. Please put _ (they) into the library.6. -What can I do for you?-I want to have two _ (glass) of milk.7. Hearing the _ (excite) news, the students are getting _(excite).二、阅读理解In 1834, the clock tower in London was burned down. People planned to buil d a new clock which would be the biggest and the best in the world. So the clock had to be big and keep very good time. Several years later the tower was finished. The people put the big clock in the tower, and made it ring out for the first time on July 11, 1859.In order to give the big clock a good name, people held a meeting. Someone wanted to call it the Queen of Bells , and someone thought Victoria was good . At last, a man named Benjamin Hall stood up. He was a big man. Before he started to speak, someone shouted, “Why not call it Big Ben?” Everybody laughed and agreed with him.From then on, Big Ben became its name. And it also became a famous building of London. People all over the world write to Big Ben. They even send bottles of oil to help keep Big Ben running. Big Ben is not only a clock but also a dear friend of people.( ) 46. Big Bens birthday is _.A. July 11, 1854 B. July 11, 1834C. July 11 1859 D. July 11, 1852( ) 47. How did Big Ben get its name?ABenjamin Hall gave it the name.BBig Ben got its name because of a joke.CBig Ben got its name from the Queen of the UKDVictoria gave it the name.( ) 48. “Keep very good time” means _Ahave a good timeBshow people the correct time.Ckeep runningDbe made in time( ) 49. Which of the following is NOT true?APeople all over the world look upon Big Ben as their friends.BPeople all over the world even send oil to Big Ben.CPeople think Big Ben will reply their letters.DPeople think Big Ben is the biggest and the best clock in the world.( ) 50. Benjamin Hall is _.A. a man who built Big BenB. a man who was always very funnyCthe man who burnt down the old clockDa man who attended the meeting which was held to make a name for the big clock2012小升初英语每日一练答案解析（3）一、 用所给词的适当形式填空1. Dont smoke, somking 解析：前半句是祈使句，变否定时加主动词do,后半句是标志的习惯译法，也可以理解为No后面加名词或名词词性的形式，即动名词形式。2. swims, is swimming 解析：前半句表示状态，用一般现在时，且由于主语是爸爸，用动词单三形式；后半句有look这个时间标志，用现在进行时。3. was 解析：最后的时间标志词，a moment ago应该用一般过去时。4. Do 解析：主语是nancys brothers是复数，助动词用DO。5. them 解析：本题考查人称代词用法，本代词作put的宾语，用人称代词的宾格。代的是books用复数them.6. glasses 解析：本题考查不可数名词表个体时，要用单位名词，在表示复数时将单位名词变复数。7. exciting, excited 解析：exciting指（物或事件）让人觉得兴奋；excited指（人）兴奋的。二、 阅读理解1. C 解析：本题从第一段最后一句便可得知答案。2. B 解析：本题从第二段最后一句可推断出答案。3. B 解析：本题是推断意思的题目，是阅读理解题中的难点。这类推断短语意思的题目要通读划线部分整句及前后一句基本上就可以得出答案。前一句提到人们希望这个钟应该是biggest and the best，这与后文的句子是对应的。Big对应biggest, Keep very good time与the best对应。对clock而言，the best就应该是时间很准，所以选B。这类题目一般都直接看不出意思，要通过上下文判断。4. C 解析：本题为判断正误题，而且选的是错误的选项，应该把每个选项都看过，逐一排除。文中提到人们写信给big Ben但并没提到人们希望能收到回信，所以C选项错误。5. D 解析：本题通过通读二三段可得出答案。 小升初英语每日一练（4）阅读理解There are many online food shopping sites（网址）. This is very surprising. Things like CDs, MP3, magazines and DVDs sell well online. But it is quite different to sell food online because people like to see food with their own eyes. It is very important for people to buy fresh fruit and vegetables. People like to choose their food by its color. They also want to feel and smell it. But some people like to go to the same shop to buy food, because they think the food there are very good. So if the food is always good, they may also feel comfortable（舒适的） buying it online.Boxes of fruit and vegetables have been delivered（运送） to homes around Britain for a few years now. Dried or canned（罐装的） foods are almost always the same, but things like apples are not. People may want to choose their own apples so they can take the ones that arent bruised（碰伤）or the ones that look nice. Buy dried and canned food online is easier. A person can buy this kind of food on the Internet and then buy fruits and vegetables at a store or a market.Now people can also buy food through supermarket websites. There people can find most of the things that supermarkets usually sell. Other food websites sell different types of food. Some sell food from one part of the world, such as Asia and Africa. Others sell food that is hard to find in supermarkets. There are also websites that sell foods, such as cakes and candies.The food is usually delivered by the next day or even on the same day. People still need to be careful, though. They must check to see if the food is fresh when they get it. It is a good idea for people to find out how far away the food is being sent from. It is also a problem if the company does not use refrigeration（冷藏）when they deliver food that should be kept cold. If traveling a long way in summer to deliver the goods（货物）, this is important.1What does the writer think of the food shopping sites today?AInteresting.BSurprising.CPerfect.DExpensive.2Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?AFresh fruit and vegetables arent easier to sell than books online.BThere is difference between shopping online and shopping in stores.CThe foods bought online are always better than those in the supermarket.DPeople like to buy dried food more than choose fruit on the Internet.3What does the third paragraph（段）mainly tell us?AIt tells us there are many websites on the Internet.BIt introduces several types of food websites to us.CIt tells us how to keep food from the websites cold.DIt teaches us what to do after we get food online.4What advice does the writer give us in the last paragraph?AIt is necessary to check the food when it is brought to your home.BShopping food online should be under control of our governments.CShopping online will have a much better future.DThe writer suggests that food companies should improve their services.2012小升初英语每日一练答案解析（4）1. B 解析：本题从第一段第一行便可得到答案2. C 解析：又是一道判断正误的题目，还是要每句从文中找依据，逐一排除，可以得出C是错误选项。第一段中第五行还提到，有些人网上买的食物质量也很好，所以他们才会选择在网上买食物。但是没有说网上买的食物比商店里卖的更好。3. B 解析：本题是主旨题。解答这类题目主要是要找到关键词。从第一句可以得出本句的关键在于food 和website。四个选项中这两个要素都包括的只有B。4. A 解析：本题问的是，最后一段作者给出的advice。从最后一段第二句可以得到答案。在解答英语的阅读题时，为了保证正确率，最好能用排除法将选项的逐一排除掉。B，C选项文中并没有提到。D选项，最后一段指提到如果在夏天运送一些食物，应该用冰箱冷藏，作者只说这很重要，并没有提到公司应该提高服务。（本篇典型的吓唬人型阅读，看过去文章长度比较长，词量又多，但是问题都不难，不需要特别深入的挖掘。对付这一类阅读题的方法：1.保持镇静，不要被篇幅吓倒。2.在阅读过程中将每段中心句划出，这样就很容易可以了解文章的意图。这是做说明文类的文章的技巧。3.注意解题方法。排除法，及第三题中提到的关键字都非常好用。4.注意每个正确选项都应该是从文中找的到依据的。说明类的文章比较客观，要注意，要从文中找到判断依据）Tip：阅读说明文类文章切忌逐字读，会很浪费时间，而且抓不住中心，应该重点看首位句，划出中心句，其他部分扫过就可。可以根据问题在回头找细节。小升初英语每日一练（5）一、语法精练1. We heard the girl _ over there just now.A. sings B. singing C. to sing D. sang2. Help _ to some bananas, children.A. you B. yourself C. yours D. yourselves3. The doctors are trying their best to save the _ boy.A. dead B. dying C. died D. diing4. -How many times _you _to Xian this year?-Three times.A. have; been B. had; been C. have; gone D. had; gone5. He likes to play _the guitar _the piano.A.not; or B.not only; but also C.both; or D.either; and二、根据题意，选择方框中的词并用其适当形式填空。每词只用一次。surprise ,woman ,amaze ,danger ,allow ,read ,difficult ,sandwich ,wait ,fall1. One of my _ was eaten by a dog yesterday.2. Dont touch the machine. Its _ .3. Hurry up, dont keep your friends _ for you.4. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly _ into the water.5. Tom was very _ when he heard the news.6. I enjoy _ Shakespeares plays.7. March 8th is _ Day. I will buy something nice for my mother.8. The new aircraft was able to fly over the endless plains without any _.9. He has an _ talent (天赋) for music.10. Mr. Gilbert asked the doctor when he would _ to leave thehospital and go home.2012小升初英语每日一练答案解析（5）一、语法精炼1.B 解析：感官动词用法，hear sb doing强调的是正在进行的状态，句末有Just now 可以看出本句要强调的是我们听到那个女孩正在唱歌。2.D 解析：help oneself to sth表示汉语中自便的意思，经常在招呼客人的时候用，是固定用法，注意后面提到children,应该用复数yourselves.3.B 解析：dying是形容词，意思是将死的，奄奄一息的。4.A 解析：本题考查两点，1，句末有this year不需要用过去时态，BD排除。2，has been to和has gone to的区别。Has been to表示去过了，现在也回来了。Has gone to表示已经去了，说话的时候还没回来。5.B 解析：本题中只有B是正确的搭配。二、选词填空1. sandwiches 解析：sandwich是可数名词2. dangerous 解析：dan