高中英语书本语法整理.doc

书本拾遗1. The American Dictionary of the English Language gave a separate identity to American English spelling. (M1U2)the English language 英语语言（该说法更正式）identity一般表示“身份”，但此处意为“特色”（词典上第二条释义）。整句话意思是：该词典赋予了美国英语拼写一种完全不同的特色。2. without a second thought 毫不犹豫（地）/ 不假思索（地）(M1U2)3. There is no such thing as standard English. (M1U2)天下没有像这样的事情，固定句式：theres no such thing as4. Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too. (M1U3)get 此处表示“使达到/处于某种状态”，后跟宾语+宾补（一般为形容词/-ed过去分词）。如：Dont get your dress dirty!He got his fingers caught in the door.Get the children ready for school!Dont get yourself involved in the fight.对比：Many children were left without parents. (M1U4)leave表示使处于某种状态。具体用法有：leave sb/sth adj/ -ing/ -ed/ to do/ n/ 介宾短语等等，详见995页。每个用法造句。5. Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice. (M1U3)feel此处是系动词，后接表语（形容词，名词，表语从句等等），表示“感觉起来（像）”具体例子看词典632相关词条。6. Nothing is left of it but memories and some houses far from the center of the city. (M1U4)be left 留下，剩下of此处可理解为从, 在中, 以为基础。词典995例句：They are fighting to save what is left of their business.of此用法常见的还有：When the baby was born, her father held her tight in his arms, wondering, “what is to become of my baby?”Man himself had to make ruins of some of the citys best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. (M1U4) 此处make A of B 意为“从B中得到A”，或“使B变成A”。Its important to try and make something of your life.引申：make the most of 7. There was no stopping the fires. There is no doing sth，无法做8. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. (M2U2)此处的admit以为“允许（加入/参赛）”9. It took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. (M2U3)It takes/ is 一段时间 before ， 过了一段时间，才10. She prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises. (M2U3) arise 出现11. After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what Im all about! (M2U3).我的职责就是发挥我的聪明才智!12. If others follow him, so much the better. (M2U1) 那就更好了。13. Lets hope for greater success in the next Olympics! (M2U3) hope for sth 希望得到14. easy to approach (M2U5) 平易近人15. Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of a year. (M3U1)be meant/ intended to do 意在/旨在16. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. (M3U2)by表示“在之前”/“等到时”17. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! (M3U2)have sb/ sth do 要求做某事have sb/ sth done 要求/让被have sb/ sth doing肯定句中很少用，表示让一直做；常用于否定句，表示（不能）容忍做如：You cant have women falling in love with machines. (M7U2)18. When they were served the ice cream, Yong Hui began to look ill. (M3U2)serve sb sth, 为某人提供此处serve 后跟双宾语，类似意义或相反意义的词有offer/ give/ allow/ leave/ spare/ deny/ save sb sth练习里碰到过如下现象，须分析熟记：If given the chance, we willIf allowed two more days, we could do a better job. They were denied access to the information. Your fatal mistake left me no room for any improvement. Thank you for sending me this parcelit saved me much trouble. 为免去Could you spare me a few minutes? 为留出，匀出19. Whats there to wait for? (M3U3)有什么好等的？/ 为什么要等？/ 等什么等？20. Its for us to thank you. (M3U3)for 表示应该由做。详见681释义20.21. Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. (M4U2)work 作及物动词，常见两种用法：管理、经营（to manage or operate sth to gain benefit from it）；使工作（make oneself/ sb work, especially very hard）22. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. (M4U2)equip 是重点词。注意：变形时要双写p（如equipped）；及物动词，意思为“为某人配置装备”；常用被动，形容某学校、机构等等有装备/设施（如 Our school is a well-equipped one.）23. Is Dr Yuan more of a scientist or more of a farmer? (M4U2)be more of / be more like24. It is possible to “read” others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. (M4U4)intend 详细用法见词典919，严格讲应该为“intend us to ”意图使某人25. he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (M5U1)The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. (M5U1)expose sb to, 使面临/遭受常见于be exposed to sth，暴露在环境下26. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas. (M5U2)to ones credit: making sb deserve praise/ respect 值得赞赏的是该句可以改为：The four countries do work together in some areas, which is very praiseworthy. credit 意思较多，但与高中生日常生活关系不大，所以比较生疏。查字典，了解其“赊欠”、“赞扬”、“学分”等等意思用法。27. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. (M5U3)collect 取，接28. he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. (M5U3)produce: show/ bring out 取出，出示如：To hire a car you must produce a passport and a current driving license.The proud father produced many pictures of his baby.29. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. (M5U3)limitation这里意为“缺陷”30. First well put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. (M5U4)put 使处于某种状态/情况31. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself. (M5U4)cover 意思广泛，查阅词典，熟记意思：报导、涉及、钱够用、涵盖、路程32. a trick of the tradetrade: 行业33. get the facts straightget straight/ right 把弄清楚又如：get the priorities straight 分清主次34. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. (M5U4)suppose sb to do 料想某人做be supposed to do: be expected to do 应当做；be generally believed to do 一般被认为做35. Zhou Yang is trying to help his readers see whether they would make good journalists. (M5U4)make，有潜力成为。36. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns. (M5U5)burn, 烧伤，可数名词37. a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. (M5U5)对某方面的特定知识，常用a knowledge of38. King James let both Catholics and Protestants practise Christianity in their own ways. (M5U2)practise, 经常做/养成习惯/ 奉行39. King James didnt want his people to forget how close the government had come to disaster. (M5U2)感叹句历来是单选里的难点。首先应该恢复语序，整合词组come close to。to在这里是介词，后接名字。40. It introduces you to ancient ways of living. (M6U2)introduce sb to sth, 向某人初次介绍41. Who has written a poem and is ready to enter the competition? (M6U2)Who is not going to enter a poem for the competition this year?enter: 参加；呈交42. But I did finally manage. (M6U4)manage (it), 口语中表示“成功”如：- Do you want me to help out?-No thanks, I can manage it./ Im coping well. (我能行)43. I was taken off the school football team. (M6U4)take off, 开除，调离（常被动）44. It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. (M6U4)resolve: determination 学习其动词搭配strengthen（增强，巩固）45. Anyone who has sex with a person infected with HIT/ AIDS risks getting the virus. (M6U4)be infected with 被感染罹患risk (vt) 后接名词/动名词，意为“冒的风险”46. So how high will the temperature increase go? (M6U5)go，进展，变化如：Where is all this going? Are you nuts? 这TMD有什么意思？How are things going?47. They (pollutants) find their way into the water supply. (M6U4)find ones way into 自然到达某地48. A robot is a machine designed to do jobs that are usually performed by humans. (M7U2)perform，从事，做49. As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. (M7U3)draw, 移动50. Do not miss this opportunity to see whales at close range on their annual migration south to the Antarctic. (M7U3)range, 视线范围51. Some choose to board with English families. (M7U5)board (vi.), 付费住宿52. 第八模块词组、生词汇编M8U1“Some survived these terrible times.” survive (vt) 在中幸存下来“The majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.” ministry (n), 牧师的职责/全体牧师/部门“In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico.” declare war on, 向宣战“some remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.” despite 是介词，在具体语境中往往可以理解为“尽管有”。“Its a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.” take in, 包括/欺骗“They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China.” mourn (vt/vi), 哀悼/悼念/缅怀M8U2“Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.” with此处含有“存在”之意。“It is a difficult task to undertake.” undertake (vt), 承担“The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.” encouraging，令人振奋的/鼓舞人心的“Such people can be restored to perfect health and be able to live a normal life again.” restore oneself/ restore sb to