英语写作模板.doc

考研写作讲义 石雷鹏 考虫考研系统班第一章、图画作文审题及概况3第二章、写作基础32.1 遣词32.2 造句4第三章 真题范文（基于功能段落）52001年 爱心是一盏灯52002年 穿中国服装的美国女孩72003年 温室花朵经不起风雨82004年 终点又是起点92005年 养老足球赛102006年 偶像崇拜112007年 球场自信122008年 残疾人跑步132009年 网络的近与远142010年 文化火锅152011年 旅程之“余”162012年 乐观悲观172013年 大学生毕业选择182014年 相携202015年 手机时代的聚会20第四章 应用文写作224.1 应用文审题224.2 应用文简易思路22（2005年英语一）辞职信+道歉信23（2006年英语一）求助信+描述信23（2007年英语一）建议信24（2008年英语一）道歉信+建议信24（2009年英语一）关注信+建议信24（2010年英语一）招募志愿者25（2011年英语一）描述信+推荐信25（2012年英语一）欢迎信+建议信26（2013年英语一）邀请评委26（2014年英语一）建议27（2015年英语一）推荐信27（2010年英语二）感谢+邀请28（2011年英语二）祝贺+建议29（2012年英语二）投诉+要求29（2013年英语二）说明+邀请30（2014年英语二）介绍+寻求建议30（2015年英语二）介绍+建议30第五章 模拟作文315.1应用文315.1.1 询问信（咨询买书：2009年大纲样题)315.1.2 通知315.1.3 邀请325.1.4 回绝335.1.5 求职信/求学信335.1.6 倡议勤俭节约信345.1.7 请假条355.2 图画作文355.2.1 望子成龙（教育类）355.2.2 明星代言(媒体类)365.2.3 富二代（社会类）375.2.4 不健康的生活习惯385.2.5 乘客素质395.2.6 过程与结果405.2.7 网络谣言41第一章、图画作文审题及概况1.1 概况52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1） describe the drawing briefly,2） explain its intended meaning, and3） give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）旅程之“余”1.2 审题关注三事项a.英文指令 b.图画（照片/漫画）c.文字说明1.3 类型总结话题三类：positive/ negative/ mixed提纲三条：图画描述、阐述寓意（现象+举例+意义+危害）、评论建议提纲对应三个功能段：（同上）第二章、写作基础2.1 遣词（1） 广度: to use various wordsa. 同义/反义词 b. 同根词（词性转化）c. 范畴词：上义词、下义词、相关词 d代词替换：this/such/those (重点：某类人：those who / people +介词短语，eg: those in need/ those with smiles/ people who need help)（2） 深度：弃用第一反应词。many - a host of/ a great many -a variety of- variousVery - rather/ particularly / exceedingly Young people - youngsters/ teenagers Important - significant/ essential/ crucialMore and more -an increasing number of +名词（可数复数）increasingly +adj/adv I think: I am convinced that / To my understanding, It is necessary for _ to _ It is of great necessity for _ to _2.2 造句a.造句原则：1) 2） b.造句基础： 1）简单句：主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补 2）并列句：and/ or/ while/ but 3）复合句：名词从句、定语从句、状语从句 备注：三种基本句式变体为：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句等c.如何写正确？三个事项： 1）词性；2）单复数；3）动词（时态、语态、语气）2.3 写作翻译常用句式：1）被动2）名词从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句3）定语从句：写作步骤：1）先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分（中心名词） 2）在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when4）含同位语句式：1）人身份；Eg. I am convinced that As a college student, I am convinced that 2）物性质: Confidence brings us power As a vital quality, confidence brings us5）it 句式：形式主语1）it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do 形式宾语2）sb find/ notice it difficult to do 6）there be: 7）强调句：1）强调谓语：I love you. - I do love you. / I did love you. 2) 强调句式：It is +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分8）（半）倒装：1）表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首，主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序)；Eg. I will never agree. Never will I agree. 2）Only +状语位于句首，主句半倒装When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness. Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness. 3) As/though倒装形式Although ZYK is a girl, she is called brother Zeng. Girl as ZYK is, she is called brother Zeng. 4）平衡结构性倒装：如图表作文首句：This is a chart which clearly illustrates the striking contrast/ relation between _ and _. 9）双重否定：用于强调: no _ is / are more _ than _. The importance of _ can not be too emphasized. 10）Ving 状语：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase. I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase. Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase. 规则：两个动作同时发生且主语一致，将次要动作写成v-ing或v-ed形式做状语。11）with 结构：with+n/pron+adj /ed /ving/ prep a前面有逗号，与整个句子隔开：充当整个句子状语成分b前面无逗号，直接用在名词后：充当前面名词定语成分12) 插入语：第三章 真题范文（基于功能段落）2001年 爱心是一盏灯Directions: Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it. There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,2) give a specific example, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.练笔： 主题：morality/ virtuesThis is a simple but thought-provoking cartoon: in an exceedingly dark place stands happily a little candle, spreading brightness around itself, with optimistic smiles on its face; although the place is rather dark, the candle is brave adequately. Finally, several Chinese characters can be noticed, which say that love means or equals light, which is brighter in the darker place. (备注：按照原文要求，本段可以省略直接不写。本文描述了图画，纯粹是为了帮考生练笔之用。)Such a scenario/scene can be naturally associated with a host of warmhearted individuals in real life, and a harmonious society is best characterized by peoples love and mutual help. Today, an increasing number of people participate in a variety of activities to offer timely help for others in need. This trend is particularly worth concern. It is their love that enables others to build up adequate hope, courage and confidence to conquer difficulties. To my understanding, love can be likened to sunshine, which brings warmth to people in need. A case in point is Project Hope. As a significant organization, Project Hope brings poor kids educational opportunities, arouses their enthusiasm for study, and helps them to acquire knowledge. (As a matter of fact, people in mounting numbers have come to realize the significance of love and mutual help. )Do bear in mind: no love, no light. Accordingly/Thus/Therefore, it is of great necessity to inspire this awareness. For one thing, the society as a whole should forge a wholesome atmosphere to appreciate and advocate activities of love. For another, it is advisable for youngsters to strengthen themselves by participating in these activities. (不含首段201 words)【译文】所给是一副简单但发人深思的卡通画：在一个非常黑的地方站立着一个幸福自信的灯，他向四周散发着光芒，脸上还带着乐观的笑容；尽管周围很黑，这盏灯勇敢的去面对。最后，我们还能注意到几个汉字，内容是：爱心意味着一盏灯，在越黑暗的地方越明亮。这种情景能自然而然的联系到现实生活中很多热心人士。和谐社会的突出特征就是人们的友爱和互助。如今，越来越多的人们参加到各种活动中去给需要帮助的人们提供及时的帮助。这种趋势非常值得关注。正是他们的爱使得他人建立了足够的希望、勇气和自信去战胜困难。那么，什么是爱？在我看来，爱可以被比喻成给黑暗带来光明的灯。典型例子就是希望工程。作为一个重要的组织，希望工程带给贫困儿童教育机会、唤起他们的学习热情、帮助他们学到知识。事实上，很多人们都意识到爱和互助的重要性。牢牢记住：没有爱，没有光明。因此，很有必要去激发这种意识。一方面，整个社会应该营造一个浓厚的氛围去接受、欣赏和倡导爱心活动和组织。另一方面，年轻人应该通过参加这些活动提升自我。2002年 穿中国服装的美国女孩66.Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures - National and International”. In the essay you should1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and2) give your comment on the phenomenon.An American girl in traditional Chinese costume (服装)练笔： This is a common, simple but special photo: there is an elegant American girl, wearing traditional Chinese costumes, with sweet smiles on her face; although she is a foreigner, the girl is exceedingly keen on Chinese culture. Finally, we can notice that Chinas culture has become national as well as international. This photo is particularly worth concern for the background that such a scenario can be naturally associated with a host of foreigners who are fascinated with Chinese civilization. Firstly, the contemporary world is best characterized by cultural globalization. Thus, today, an increasing number of foreign friends are attracted by a variety of Chinese cultures, such as acupuncture, Peking Opera, and Kungfu. It is cultural communication that enables China and other nations to build up friendship, trust and mutual understanding. To my understanding, cultural exchange can be likened to a bridge, which connects/ links two countries. A typical example is the Student Exchange Program in universities. This program brings students new experience, arouses their enthusiasm for the world, and helps them to broaden horizons. As a matter of fact, people in mounting numbers have come to realize the significance of cultural exchange. Do bear in mind: cultural communication is the bridge of friendship. As a college student, I am convinced that it is of great necessity to inspire this awareness. For one thing, Chinese society as a whole should forge a wholesome atmosphere to appreciate and advocate learning from advanced foreign cultures, science and technology. For another, it is advisable for youngsters to strengthen themselves in this process. (256)2003年 温室花朵经不起风雨66.Directions: Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)练笔： (引入图画)These are a set of simple but enlightening drawings/ This set of drawings are simple but thought-provoking: （主题相关人/物+动作+环境+文字）in a huge warm house, there is a little and delicate flower, growing vigorously/ healthily and blossoming, and the house is protecting/ guarding it from the storm (with the house protecting it from the storm); (反差) although it seems rather/ particularly/ exceedingly / quite healthy and strong, this plant dies quickly after it is put in the rain, with its leaves falling in wind. Finally, several Chinese characters can be noticed, which say that flowers in the greenhouse can not bear/live/ stand/survive in severe weather. (群体特征)The contemporary Chinese families are characterized by “one family, one child”, and（图画联系主旨、现实） such a scenario above can be naturally associated with a host of parents and kids. （现象）Today, it has become a trend for an increasing number of parents to do/prepare everything for children, such as food, clothes, tuition and even future jobs/marriage. (现象替换) Now, an increasing number of parents prepare almost everything for children, such as . (关注+原因)This trend is particularly worth concern for the background that parents may focus much eyesight on youngsters comfort and enjoyment, ignoring the significance of independence. （强调句式：意义/危害）It is parents protection that does not enable young people to build up adequate ability and confidence to face society. (比喻) I deem that independence can be likened to a journey, which leads to success. (举例) A case in point is （意义2：排比）As a significant quality, independence brings teenagers power, arouses their enthusiasm for life, and helps them to adapt to the society. (危害总结) Unfortunately, parents excessive love has constituted an obstacle that hinders childrens growth. (意义总结) As a matter of fact/ Actually, intelligent parents in large numbers have come to realize the significance of independence for youngsters. (尾段引出1)Thus/Hence/ Accordingly, it is of great (no) necessity to inspire this awareness/ to reverse this trend. （尾段引出2）As a college student, I am convinced that it is essential for youngsters to enhance their quality. (建议1) For one thing, the society as a whole should forge/ construct a wholesome atmosphere to refuse/reject/say “NO” to/ criticize parents blind love. (建议2) For another, it is advisable for parents to give/provide/offer their kids more freedom and opportunities to grow. (建议3) Lastly, researchers and experts are well-advised to give their professional advice or guidance. (建议4) Parents should educate, advocate and encourage their children to deal with difficulties independently. (结尾2) Do bear in mind=Do remember: no independence, no promising future. (结尾2) If parents try their utmost to do so, the future of their children will be hopeful and promising. (结尾3) In these ways, /With these efforts taken, we can see a hopeful and promising future of youngsters. 2004年 终点又是起点66.Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the drawing,2) interpret its meaning, and3) support your view with examples.You should