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初三英语上册(外研版)Module 6 Problems知识点总结一、重点词汇 guitar 原文再现 Tony is spending too much time playing the guitar, and he may fail his exams. 托尼花了太多时间弹吉他,他这次考试不合格。基本用法 guitar n. 吉他,play the guitar意为“弹吉他”,在西洋乐器如violin小提琴,piano钢琴,flute长笛,cello大提琴,guitar吉他等前面都要用定冠词。在球类或棋类前不用定冠词,如: play golf 打高尔夫球 play cricket 打板球 play hockey打曲棍球 play volleyball 打排球 play badminton 打羽毛球 play table tennis 打乒乓球 play baseball 打棒球 play chess下棋。 fail 原文再现 Tony is spending too much time playing the guitar, and he may fail his exams. 托尼花了太多时间弹吉他,他这次考试不合格。基本用法 1. fail vt. 未能及格;未能达到,其后可以直接跟宾语,fail his exams意为“考试不及格”。(过去式:failed 过去分词:failed 现在分词:failing 第三人称单数:fails) George failed history last semester. 乔治上学期历史考试不及格。 2. fail vi. 失败;不及格,fail in (doing) sth.意为“做某事失败”。如:She failed in the examination. 她这次考试不及格。She failed in finishing the work on time. 她未能按时完成工作。知识拓展-相关句型结构fail to do sth. 失败/不能/忘记做某事。如 He did very well, but failed to break the record. 他做得很出色,但未破纪录。 exam 原文再现 Tony is spending too much time playing the guitar, and he may fail his exams. 托尼花了太多时间弹吉他,他这次考试不合格。基本用法 exam n. 考试。如: She was really happy after the exam. 考完试后,她真的很高兴。知识拓展-相关短语 have an exam 考试 take an exam 参加考试 deal 原文再现 although they have made a deal with him before. 尽管他们与他之前已经达成协议。基本用法 deal n. 协议,make a deal with sb.意为“与某人达成协议”。如: Ill try to make a deal with him. 我试着和他达成协议。知识拓展-相关单词 deal v. 应付;处理;交易,deal with意为“应付;处理”。(过去式:dealt 过去分词:dealt 现在分词:dealing 第三人称单数:deals) If the worst comes to the worst, we can always deal with it.事情再糟,我们总可以应付。 habit 原文再现 I want you to get into the habit of doing your homework as soon as you come home from school. 我想让你养成一放学回家就做家庭作业的习惯。基本用法habit n. 习惯,get into the habit of意为“养成的习惯”,相当于form/develop the habit of。如: He gets into the habit of reading English in the morning.他养成了早上读英语的习惯。知识拓展-相关短语 1. be in the habit of=have the habit of 有的习惯 Ivegot into the habit of turning on the TV as soon as I get home. 我习惯了一回家就打开电视。 2. break the habit of 改掉的习惯。如: Im trying to break the habit of staying up too late. 我正努力改掉熬夜的习惯。 volunteer 原文再现 I also want to go to the library to do volunteer work. 我也想去图书馆做志愿者的工作。基本用法 volunteer n. 志愿者。如: He works as a volunteer at weekends. 他周末做志愿者。知识拓展-相关单词 volunteer v.(自愿)做,volunteer to do sth. 意为“自愿做某事”。如: Many people volunteer to work on the farms.许多人自愿到农场劳动。 necessary 原文再现 No, it isnt necessary to do it now. 不做,现在没有必要做。基本用法 1. necessary adj. 必要的;必需的,It is necessary to do sth.意为“有必要做某事”。如: It is necessary to put these bananas in the fridge. 有必要把这些香蕉放到冰箱里。 2. necessary n. 必需品,其复数形式为necessaries。如: What are the necessaries?必需品都有什么? shame 原文再现 Thats a shame. 真遗憾。基本用法 shame n. 可惜;遗憾。如: He had no sense of shame and never felt guilty. 他毫无羞耻之心,而且从不觉得内疚。知识拓展 相关句型/结构 It is a shame that 意为“令人遗憾的是”。如:It is a shame that so many people hate them. 遗憾的是有如此多的人讨厌测速照相机。 What a shame! 真遗憾!,相当于What a pity! 相关单词 shameful adj. 可耻/丢脸的。如: It was shameful of them to make such a mistake. 犯这样的错误让他们和丢脸。 instead 原文再现If you do all these other things instead of your homework, you wont have time to study. 如果你做所有这些其他的事情而不做家庭作业,你会没有时间学习。基本用法 instead adv. 代替;而不是,instead of意为“而不是”其后可接名词、代词或动名词等。instead of doing sth.相当于rather than do sth.。如: I gave him advice instead of money. 我给了他忠告,而不是钱。 You should be out instead of sitting in. 你应该出去而不应该坐在家里。 point 原文再现 Thats not the point. 那不是问题的关键。基本用法 1. point n. (试图表达的)观点;看法,其复数形式为points。如: I have tried to get my point across. 我已经尽力让我的观点清晰明了。 2. pointv.指;指向;朝向知识拓展-相关短语point to 和point at都有“指向”之意,有时可以互换。 point to 多指较远距离的事物,to着重于指方向,主语既可以是人,也可以是物; point at 多指向较近距离的事物,at着重于指的对象,其主语通常是人; 但point.at 是“瞄准”之意; point out 是“指出”之意,out是副词。 He pointed to the house on the corner and said, “Thats where I live. ” 他指着拐角处的房子说:“我就住在那里。” He was talking while pointing at the map.他一边用手指着地图一边讲话。 We will point out some of the major differences as we go along. 在讲解过程中我们将指出其中的一些主要区别。 consider 原文再现 You should consider what the most important thing is. 你应该思考什么事情才是最重要的。基本用法 consider vt. 考虑;斟酌,其后可接名词、代词、动名词、带疑问词的动词不定式或wh-从句作宾语。(过去式:considered 过去分词:considered 现在分词:considering 第三人称单数:considers) Please take time to consider the problem.请仔细考虑一下这个问题。 We are considering going to Hainan for the Spring Festival. 我们正在考虑春节去海南。 He has never considered how to solve the problem.他从来没考虑过如何解决问题。 come round 原文再现 Last week, my friend David came round with a new computer game and asked to play it on my dads computer. 上周我的朋友戴维带着一个新电脑游戏到我家来了,想要在我爸爸的电脑上玩。基本用法 come round 意为“过来;拜访(某人的家)”。如: He came round to meet the foreigners. 他走过来迎接外宾。 Do come round and see us sometime.务必到家里来看看我们。 reason 原文再现 The reason is that he thinks something will go wrong if I play games on it. 原因是他认为我要是在电脑上玩游戏的话,电脑就会出毛病。基本用法 reason n. 原因;理由,其后常可接动词不定式或for引导的短语或从句作定语,引导从句的why在口语中 通常省略;reason作主语时,可接that引导的从句作表语。如: We have reason to believe that he was a policeman. 我们有理由相信他是一名警察。 That is the reason why I dont like it. 那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 The reason is that I have something important to do. 原因是我有一些重要的事情要做。 try out 原文再现 Well, while my dad was out, we decided to try out Davids game. 嗯,当我爸爸外出时,我们就决定玩戴维的游戏。基本用法 try out 意为“试用;试”,try on意为“试穿”。 They are trying out the new method. 他们正在试验那种心方法。 Try on the shoes before you buy them. 买鞋要先穿上试试再买。 no longer 原文再现 He could no longer find the documents anywhere! 他在任何地方都找不到他的文件!基本用法 no longer 相当于notany longer,主要表示“时间、距离上不再”,多用于现在时态的句子中,多与 延续性动词连用。如: His uncle is not a driver any longer. 他叔叔不再是司机了。知识拓展-词义辨析:no longer/not .any longer/no more/not.any more 1. no longer=not.any longer,“不再”,强调时间和动作不再持续,常与状态动词和延续性动词连用,如:wait, stay, be等。nolonger与no more一样通常放在情态动词、助动词、连系动词之后,行为动词之前。 He is no longer living in this city. 他不住在这个城市了。 2. notany more相当于no more,表示“数量、程度上不再.”,多与非延续性动词连用。如: I have eaten enough apples. I dont want to eat any more. 我已经吃了足够多的苹果,不想再吃了。 be angry with 原文再现 I did not tell him about the computer game because I did not want him to be angry with me. 我没有告诉他关于电脑游戏的事,因为我不想他生我的气。基本用法 Be angry with sb.意为“对某人很生气”,也可以用be angry at sb.,相当于be mad with/at sb.。若生气的 对象为事物时,介词可用at, about或over。如: The teacher was angry at/with me for being late. 因为迟到老师对我很生气。 She sometimes gets angry at/about/over nothing.她有时会乱发脾气。 repair 原文再现 I am not sure whether a computer repair shop can get the documents back. 我不确定一个电脑工程师能否找回文件。基本用法 1. repair n. 修理;修补。如: Table is in need of repair. 这张桌子需要修理。 2. repair v. 修理;修补 (过去式:repaired 过去分词:repaired 现在分词:repairing 第三人称单数:repairs) The overcoat is so old, it wont repair. 这件大衣太旧了,不能修补了。 truth 原文再现 If you tell him the truth now, he will be angry with you, but at least you will show that you are honest. 如果现在你跟他说实话,他会生你的气,但是至少你会表明你是诚实的。基本用法 truth n. 事实;真相。如: The truth has come out. 真相大白。知识拓展-相关短语 1. in truth 实际上。如: It was in truth a miracle. 这确实是个奇迹。 2. (to) tell the truth 说实话。如: To tell the truth, I dont agree to your plan. 老实讲,我不同意你的计划。 at least 原文再现 If you tell him the truth now, he will be angry with you, but at least you will show that you are honest. 如果现在你跟他说实话,他会生你的气,但是至少你会表明你是诚实的。基本用法 at least意为“最少;至少;起码”,least是little的最高级,意为“最小的;最少的;程度最轻的”,其反义词是 most,at most意为“至多;不超过”。如: He has been there at least twice. 他至少去过那儿两次。 It will take two hours at most to get there.最多两个小时便可到达那里。 honest 原文再现 If you tell him the truth now, he will be angry with you, but at least you will show that you are honest. 如果现在你跟他说实话,他会生你的气,但是至少你会表明你是诚实的。基本用法 honest adj. 诚实的;老实的,to be honest意为“说实在的;老实说”。如: To be honest, I dont think we have a chance of winning. 说实话,我认为我们没有获胜的可能。 apologize 原文再现 You should apologize to your father. 你应该向你爸爸道歉。基本用法 apologize v. 道歉(过去式:apologized 过去分词:apologized 现在分词: apologizing 第三人称单数:apologizes) apologize to sb.意为“向某人道歉”,apologize for sth.意为“为某事道歉”。如: You should apologize to the old woman. 你应该向这位老妇人道歉。I must beg to apologize for coming so late. 我来得这么晚应该道歉。 advice 原文再现 Readers could send letters to the columnist to get expert advice. 读者可以给专栏作家寄信以得到专业的建议。基本用法 advice n. 劝告;建议,是不可数名词,“一条建议”用a piece of advice来表示。如: Let me give you a piece of advice.让我给你一个忠告吧。知识拓展-相关短语 1. accept/follow/take sb.s advice 接受某人的意见 Its good to take advice from the old. 从老人们那儿接受建议是很好的。 2. ask for sb.s advice 向某人征求意见 If you get in trouble, dont hesitate to ask for advice. 如果碰到麻烦,要赶紧向人求教.。 3. give sb. some advice (on sth.)给某人(在某方面)提出一些劝告My teacher gave me some advice on English study. 老师给我一些英语学习方面的建议。 send 原文再现 Readers could send letters to the columnist to get expert advice. 读者可以给专栏作家寄信以得到专业的建议。基本用法 send v. 送;寄出;派遣,send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.意为“寄某物给某人”。如: Ill send some Chinese stamps to you next week. 下周我要寄给你一些中国邮票。知识拓展-相关短语 1. send for 派人去请Send for a doctor; a man has been hurt. 快叫医生来,有一个人受伤了。 2. send away 解雇;开除 He was sent away from school. 他被学校开除了。 3. send up 发射 It is reported that China will send up another man - made satellite. 据报道中国将再发射一颗人造卫星。 question/problem 原文再现 People can post their questions or problems online and get answers quickly. 人们可以把问题或烦恼发到网上,并很快得到回复。基本用法 词义辨析:problem/question 二者均含“问题”之意。 problem指客观上存在的、难以处理或难以理解的问题。 question通常指用口头或书面提出来要求回答或有待讨论解决的问题。例如: Security is a problem too.安全也是一大问题。 After answering his question, she asked back. 回答他的问题之后,她反问他。二、重点句型 Tonys dad is worried that Tony spends too much time playing the guitar. 托尼的爸爸担心托尼花了太多时间弹吉他。基本用法 1. 这句话是that引导的宾语从句,spend sometime (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”,spendon sth. 意为“在上花钱”。如: How much time do some students spend in playing? 一些学生花费了多少时间在玩方面? How much did you spend on the trip? 这次旅行你花了多少钱? 2. too much意为“太多”。too much的中心词是much,用法与much相同,用来修饰不可数名词;much too的中心词是too,用法与too相同,用来修饰形容词或副词原级。如: We both have too much work to do. 我们俩都有很多工作要做。 Youre walking much too fast. Slow down. 你走得太快了,慢点。 Tonys mum wants Tony to stop playing the guitar. 托尼的妈妈想让托尼不要弹吉他了。基本用法 1. want sb. to do sth.意为“想让某人(不)做某事”。如: I want you to go with me. 我想让你和我一起去。 2. stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”,stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”。如: Stop watching TV and go to bed. 别看电视了,睡觉吧。 They stopped to talk when they met on the street.他们在街上相遇时,停下来聊了几句。 Tonys mum suggests that Tony should have guitar lessons. 托尼的妈妈建议托尼应该去上吉他课。基本用法 这里是suggest后接宾语从句的用法,意为“建议”,其后接的that从句谓语通常用“(should)+动词原形”这样 的虚拟语气形式,即:suggest+(that)+主语+(should) do sth.。如: I suggested that she should go home. 我建议她回家去。知识拓展 相关句型 suggest + n./pron. to+sb.。如: We suggest the plan to him.我们向他推荐这个计划。 Suggest doing sth.。如: He suggested going out for a walk. 他建议去外面走走。 相关单词 suggestion n. 建议;意见,当其作主语时,可用The suggestion is that+主语+should do sth.。如: His suggestion is that I should leave for Beijing immediately.他的建议是我应该马上启程去北京。出题建议 搜索 “should+宾语从句”的用法时,题型可选择单选、完成句子等,同时在关键词中输入:should。 If I start after dinner, Ill finish it before I go to bed. 如果我吃完晚饭后开始做(作业),上床睡觉前我就能完成。基本用法 这是If引导的条件状语从句,当主句用一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时。如: Ill visit the Great Wall if itdoesntrain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我将去长城。 注意:在“祈使句+and/or引导的结果状语从句”中,祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。如: Use your head, and youll find a way.=If you use your head, youll find a way. 动动脑筋,你会想出办法。 I really dont think you should go to the library so much. 我真的认为你不应该这么频繁地去图书馆。基本用法 在I think句式中,如果从句有否定意义,则否定词应前移,即否定前置。如: I dont think he will come. 我认为他不会来。 I dont think you can pass the examination. 我认为你通不过考试。 He uses it for his work, and I can only use it for my homework. 他用它来工作,而我只在做作业的时候用它。基本用法 1. usefor 意为“使用做;为而使用”。for后接名词、代词或动名词。如: What do you use the tool for?你用这个工具做什么? The workers use the machine for making dumplings. 工人们用这台机器包饺子。 2. use sth. for doing sth.意为“用某物做某事”,相当于use sth. to do sth.。如: They use a computer system for organizing their date. =They use a computer system to organize their date. 他们利用一个电脑系统整理数据。 The reason is that he thinks something will go wrong if I play games on it. 原因是他认为我要是在电脑上玩游戏的话,电脑就会出毛病。基本用法 1. 这句话是that引导的表语从句,that he thinks something will go wrong if I play games on it在主句中作 表语;从句he thinks后是一个宾语从句,something will go wrong是从句中的宾语;if I play games on it是 if引导的条件状语从句。 2. go wrong意为“出毛病;出故障;出错”,go在这里表示“变成;处于状态”,如go bad, go mad, go out等。如: My mobile phone often goes wrong and Id like to buy a new one. 我的手机经常出故障,我想买一个新的。 I am not sure whether a computer repair shop can get the documents back. 我不确定一个电脑工程师能否找回文件。基本用法 这里是whether引导的宾语从句,表示“是否”,有时可与if互换使用。如: I wonder if/whether I can get some advice from you. 我不知道能否从你那里得到一些建议。知识拓展-词义辨析:whether/if 1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能。如: 正: Let me know whether you can come or not. 让我知道你能不能来。 误: Let me know if you can come or not.2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。如: 正: Whether it is true or not, I cant tell.是对是错,我不能说。 误: If it is true or not, I cant tell. 3. whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。如: 正: I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 我不知道是接受还是拒绝。 误: I dont know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。如:正: I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心我是否伤害了她。 误: I worry about if I hurt her feelings. 5. whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。如: 正: It was uncertain whether he would come. 他是否会来不确定。 误: It was uncertain if he would come. while my dad was out, we decided to try out Davids game. 当我爸爸外出时,我们就决定试玩戴维的游戏。基本用法 1. be out意为“不在家”,相当于be not at home。如: Did anyone come while I was out? 我不在家时有人来过吗? 2. decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。如: I decided to tell him about it. 我已决定告诉他那件事。知识拓展 decide后还可以接名词、代词、“特殊疑问词+to do”或从句。如:They cant decide anything now. 现在她们不能作出任何决定。 We cant decide where to go. 我们不能决定到哪儿去。 I decided that I would help him. 我决定帮助他。 If you offer to do some housework, he will realize that you are very sorry. 你主动地做些家务活,他会意识到你的歉意。基本用法 1. offer vt. 意为“主动提供;提出”,常构成offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb.,意为”向某人提供某物“,offer 还常用于offer to do sth.结构中,意为“(主动)提出要做某事”。如: They offered me a better position. 他们给了我一个更好的位置。 She offered some cakes to the guests. 她给了客人一些蛋糕。 He offered to help me.他主动提出要帮助我。 2. realise 作动词,意为“认识到”,指通过了解,明白某些情况或意识到什么,侧重从不了解到了解的转变。 如: When I got to the checkout, I realised that I had left my purse at home. 当我到达收银台时,我才意识到我把钱包忘在家里了。 I came fourth last year. 去年我得了第四。基本用法 “主语+come(s)+序数词”意为“某人得了第几”。如: He comes first in the match. 这次比赛他得了第一。 I feel quite unhappy with the result. 对此结果我感到很不高兴。基本用法 feel unhappy with sth.意为“对某事感到不高兴”,相当于be unhappy with/about sth.;feel/be happy with/ about sth.意为“对某事感到高兴”。如: He feels unhappy with the party. 对舞会他感到不高兴。 But it is really important to me. 但是它对我来说真的很重要。基本用法 be + adj.+to sb.意为“对某人来说”,to也可以用for来代替。如: That is different to/for him. 那对他老说是不一样的。 My friend Peter finds maths very difficult. 我的朋友发现数学很难。基本用法 find sth.+adj.表示“发现某事”。如: I find English really easy for me. 我发现英语对我来说很简单。知识拓展-相关句型 find + it + adj./n.+that/(for sb.) (not) to do sth. 意为“发现做某事(对某人来说)(不)”。如: I find it hard to learn Maths well. 我发现学好数学很难。 This makes advice blogs very popular, as the persons seeking advice can ask embarrassing or difficult questions without revealing their identity. 这使得建议网志非常受欢迎,因为征求建议的人们可以询问尴尬的或困难的问题, 而不透露他们的身份。基本用法 1. “make+sb./sth.+adj.”意为“使某人/某物”。make可接形容词作宾语补足语。如: Her words made us sad. 她的话使我们伤心。 make+sb.+do sth.意为“使某人做某事”,这里是make作使役动词,后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾语 补足语,但在被动语态中to不能省略。如: He made the boy stand there for hours. 他让那个小男孩在那儿站了几个小时。变为被动语态为: The boy was made to stand there for hours. 那个小男孩被人要求站在那儿几个小时。 2. seeking advice是动名词短语作the persons的定语。seek作动词,意为“寻找;追求”。三、重点语法 条件状语从句 定义 连词if的意思是“如果”,它引导的句子表示某事发生所需要的条件,即“在条件下某事才能发生”,在句子 中充当状语,因此我们称之为条件状语从句。在复合句中连词if引导的句子为从句,被修饰的句子为主句。 从句可以放在主句后,也可以放在主句前,从句放在主句前时,应用逗号将它与主句隔开。如: Well go to the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow. =I
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