2012六级阅读练习题.doc

After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar _1_ that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.Injuries and deaths were _2_ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highway. In addition, _3_ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more _4_ to quakes.In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet _5_ materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to _6_ the impact of ground vibrations. The most _7_ designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would _8_ the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater _9_ to cities where earthquakes ofen take place.The new smart structures could be very _10_ to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.AchangesBflexibleCdecreaseDrecentEpushFreduceGrelativelyHsafetyIresistantJexpensiveKforceLaccordinglyMintensityNsecurityOopposedAnswers：1.选M)。此处应填名词，作介词of的宾语，作为后置定语修饰earthquake，说明该名词是“地震”的自然属性。选项中的名词有changes，safety，intensity和security，只有intensity可以表示地震的强度，故选M)。2.选G)。此处应填副词，用来修饰形容词less。选项中的副词有relatively“相对的”和accordingly“相应的”，第一段说这次地震和1998年的那次地震程度一样，但造成的损失却小很多，再从后句中“高速路上的车辆不是很多”可以推断：这次的地震造成的“死伤人数”与1998年比少很多，即少是相对的，故选G)relatively。3.选A)。空格中要填的词是本句话中的主语，应为名词。这句话的主干是have strengthened the citys buildings and highways,从第三段的内容和注释3的解析可知：建筑结构发生了变化，故应选择A)changes。4.选I)。此处应填形容词，和其前面的more构成形容词的比较级，描述新型建筑与地震有关的性能。them = the citys buildings and highways, have strengthened 被加固说明他们更有抵御风险的能力了。选项中的四个形容词只有resistant符合这个意思，故选I)。5.选B)。此处应填形容词，修饰名词materials。从后面的.bent without breaking 即使弯曲也不会折断，说明是有韧性的材料。选项中的四个形容词只有flexible表示“柔韧的，可变形的”，故B)正确。6.选F)。此处应填名词。根据上下文insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation“在建筑物和地基之间填充橡胶和钢材”是为了减少the impact of ground vibrations地面震动对建筑物的影响。选项中decrease和reduce都可以表示“减少”的意思，前者指稳定的逐步地减少，后者强调在大小、程度或强度方面下降或减少。故F)reduce更符合题意。7.选D)。根据注释3，可以推知，这里要填的词是和前面的In the past, Laer相对应的，选项中的形容词中只有recent可表示时间，the most recent desighs“最近的设计”，在原文中可以对应“过去，后来”，故D)为正确答案。8.选K)。前面提到了智能建筑，这里说明当地震使这样的建筑向前倒的时候，电脑会怎样它，使它相反方向移动。在动词push和force之间悬着。push强调的是外加的力量，而这里的拖力者是与智能建筑一体的计算机系统，故这里force符合文意。9.选N)。此后应填名词，做动词offer的宾语。本句前面一直在描述新型建筑采取的抗震措施，本句是这些措施的结果。抗震型建筑为城市提供的应该是更多的安全保障，选项中表示“安全”的词有safety和security，前者是处于安全状态，不受伤害，没有危险，多用于人身，货物。后者常指国家社会的免遭战争，灾难而安然无恙，故N)security更符合文意。10.选J)。此处应填形容词。从后面的However后的一句说明智能建筑的优点而得知，However前所说的是智能建筑的缺点。既然智能建筑很聪明，又是新事物，那么建造起来肯定会耗费很多资金的，所以选J)expensive。导读：After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake.(The damage and death toll could have been much worse.此句为虚拟语气，“地震所造成的伤亡和损失本来应该更大。”说明实际上这次地震的损失并不大。)By comparison, an earthquake of similar M)intensity that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.(这句的主干是an earthquake.claimed.25,000 victims.)Injuries and deaths were G)relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highway. In addition, A)changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more I)resistant to quakes.In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet B)flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to F)reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most D)recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would K)force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater N)security to cities where earthquakes ofen take place.(In the past.,Later.,The most.designs,这里是一个世间顺序上的描述，说明了从以前到现在，建筑物的结构一直在不断变化。)The new smart structures could be very J)expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.全文翻译：1994年洛杉矶发生强烈大地震后，地震学家报告了一个好消息：地震所造成的伤亡和损害并不大。此次地震有60多人丧生。相较而言，美国1998年发生的相似强度的地震造成的伤亡多达25，000人。洛杉矶地震伤亡人数相对较少，是因为地震发生在凌晨4：31，而当天是个假日。当时城市公路上的车辆稀少。此外，在过去的20年中洛杉矶市对建筑法规所做的修订使城市的建筑和道路系统更加坚固，增强了抗震能力。在过去，防震建材指的是坚固并且有弹性的材料，如钢材和木材，它们即使弯曲也不会折断。后来，人们尝试着将建筑物从地基上提起来，然后在建筑物和地基之间填充橡胶和钢材，从而减少地面震动对建筑物的影响。最新的建筑设计不仅为建筑提供水泥和钢筋支撑，而且还赋予它智能，从而成为智能建筑，让建筑物能像生命有机体那样对地震做出反应。当地面震动而导致建筑物顶部向前倾斜时，计算机将会迫使建筑物向相反方向移动。这种新的建筑设计能够使处于地震多发区的城市更为安全。这种新型的智能型建筑造价高昂。然而，它可以挽救许多人的生命，而且在地震中不大可能受到损害。 Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient(变化无常的) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems both legal and educational for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.1. It is implied in the first paragraph that _.A) the writer himself is homeless, even in his eightiesB) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 citiesC) there is a serious shortage of academic facilitiesD) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education2. The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _.A) 350,000B) 1,500,000C) 440,000D) 110,0003. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be _.A) the homeless children are too young to be counted as childrenB) the homeless population is growing rapidlyC) the homeless children usually stay outside schoolD) some homeless children are deserted by their families4. The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that _.A) the educational problems of homeless children are being recognizedB) the estimates on homeless children are hard to determineC) the address of grade-school children should be locatedD) all homeless people are entitled to free education5. The passage mainly deals with _.A) the legal problems of the homeless childrenB) the educational problems of homeless childrenC) the social status of older malesD) estimates on the homeless population【答案及详解】答案：C C D A B直到20世纪80年代，美国无家可归的人口主要包括的还是年龄较大的男性。现在，社会上年龄较小的一些人也面临无家可归的威胁。的确，美国市长会议在1987年对25个城市进行了一项调查，结果表明，在无家可归的人口中，儿童的增长比例是最快的。许多无家可归的儿童都聚集在城市的中心地带。其中学龄儿童四处流浪，饱受惊吓。这给已经负担考试大过重的城市教学和教学管理带来了许多额的外的麻烦，其中既涉及法律问题又涉及教育问题。美国无家可归的人口数量估计在35万到300万人之间。同样，无家可归的学龄儿童人数也无法做出准确的估计。一份根据各州估计数字而得出的美国教法的育部的报告指出，有22万无家可归的学龄儿童，其中约有三分之一没有按规定上学。然而国家关于无家可归人员的联盟会却估计，这样的儿童人数至少还应该多一倍，其中半数以上没有正常入学。有一部分无家可归的人口尤其难以统计，就是那些遭家庭遗弃的“浪荡”少年。据纽约小学中心估计，这样的人口有150万左右。其中还有许多小孩没有估计进去，因为这些小孩不呆在安全的家中，却往往独自在街头流浪。联邦法律(1987年斯图尔德 B 麦肯尼无家可归人员救助法案)有一部分专门指出了无家可归儿童的教育需要。法案中有关于教育的条款所依据的观点是所有无家可归的儿童都有权接受正规的义务教育。 After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar _1_ that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.Injuries and deaths were _2_ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highway. In addition, _3_ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more _4_ to quakes.In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet _5_ materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to _6_ the impact of ground vibrations. The most _7_ designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would _8_ the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater _9_ to cities where earthquakes ofen take place.The new smart structures could be very _10_ to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.AchangesBflexibleCdecreaseDrecentEpushFreduceGrelativelyHsafetyIresistantJexpensiveKforceLaccordinglyMintensityNsecurityOopposedAnswers：1.选M)。此处应填名词，作介词of的宾语，作为后置定语修饰earthquake，说明该名词是“地震”的自然属性。选项中的名词有changes，safety，intensity和security，只有intensity可以表示地震的强度，故选M)。2.选G)。此处应填副词，用来修饰形容词less。选项中的副词有relatively“相对的”和accordingly“相应的”，第一段说这次地震和1998年的那次地震程度一样，但造成的损失却小很多，再从后句中“高速路上的车辆不是很多”可以推断：这次的地震造成的“死伤人数”与1998年比少很多，即少是相对的，故选G)relatively。3.选A)。空格中要填的词是本句话中的主语，应为名词。这句话的主干是have strengthened the citys buildings and highways,从第三段的内容和注释3的解析可知：建筑结构发生了变化，故应选择A)changes。4.选I)。此处应填形容词，和其前面的more构成形容词的比较级，描述新型建筑与地震有关的性能。them = the citys buildings and highways, have strengthened 被加固说明他们更有抵御风险的能力了。选项中的四个形容词只有resistant符合这个意思，故选I)。5.选B)。此处应填形容词，修饰名词materials。从后面的.bent without breaking 即使弯曲也不会折断，说明是有韧性的材料。选项中的四个形容词只有flexible表示“柔韧的，可变形的”，故B)正确。6.选F)。此处应填名词。根据上下文insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation“在建筑物和地基之间填充橡胶和钢材”是为了减少the impact of ground vibrations地面震动对建筑物的影响。选项中decrease和reduce都可以表示“减少”的意思，前者指稳定的逐步地减少，后者强调在大小、程度或强度方面下降或减少。故F)reduce更符合题意。7.选D)。根据注释3，可以推知，这里要填的词是和前面的In the past, Laer相对应的，选项中的形容词中只有recent可表示时间，the most recent desighs“最近的设计”，在原文中可以对应“过去，后来”，故D)为正确答案。8.选K)。前面提到了智能建筑，这里说明当地震使这样的建筑向前倒的时候，电脑会怎样它，使它相反方向移动。在动词push和force之间悬着。push强调的是外加的力量，而这里的拖力者是与智能建筑一体的计算机系统，故这里force符合文意。9.选N)。此后应填名词，做动词offer的宾语。本句前面一直在描述新型建筑采取的抗震措施，本句是这些措施的结果。抗震型建筑为城市提供的应该是更多的安全保障，选项中表示“安全”的词有safety和security，前者是处于安全状态，不受伤害，没有危险，多用于人身，货物。后者常指国家社会的免遭战争，灾难而安然无恙，故N)security更符合文意。10.选J)。此处应填形容词。从后面的However后的一句说明智能建筑的优点而得知，However前所说的是智能建筑的缺点。既然智能建筑很聪明，又是新事物，那么建造起来肯定会耗费很多资金的，所以选J)expensive。 Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his fathers business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his fathers workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self reliance and independence.1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the following?A) They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses.B) They want to win the permission of their parents.C) They have a strong desire to become independent.D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents.2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of _.A) loveB) financial concernC) their parentsD) family background3. Based on the passage, it can be assumed that _.A) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parentsB) most American people never make major decisions for their childrenC) American young adults possess cultural values of independenceD) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently4. A son is unwilling to work in his fathers business mainly because _.A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in schoolB) he wants to prove his independenceC) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve ofD) he wants to show his love for his parents5. The subject matter of this selection is _.A) family valuesB) marriage arrangementsC) the pursuit of a careerD) decision making【答案及详解】答案：CACBA子女一旦到适当年龄(通常是18至21岁)，要鼓励而不是强迫他们“离开窝的，财政的巢”，开始独立生活。小孩离开家后，往往在外能够与人交往，并自谋出路。父母不为子女安排婚姻，子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国，浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗教团体认识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。尽管子女自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他们的选择。许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选择其它职业的自由。有时为了证实自己的独立性，子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执意不去父亲的企业工作，因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱，美国家庭也毫不例外。只不过在美国家庭之中，还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。 Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人).The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.1. According to the report,_.A) many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their workC) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _.A) sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB) sleep