2012报刊选读考试.doc

Name 陈瑶 class英语02班Note: This exam should be completed in ENGLISH.Part I: Explain the following phrases. (15 points, 1.5 for each)Oprah Winfrey: American television talk-show host and actress. Born in Kisciusko, Mississippi in 1954, to unmarried parents who separated after her birth, she had a trouble childhood, experiencing neglect and sexual abuse. Later she got the full scholarship to a State University, and during this time she became an excellent student. After graduating in 1976, she worked as a television newscaster and in 1984 she became the host of television talk show “A.M. Chicago.” And later she became a famous person all over the world. American Dream: the ideal of freedom and opportunity that motivated the nations founders;in oratory , an evocation of great hope of the nation.Filibuster：It is a strategy employed in the United States Senate, by which a minority can delay a vote on proposed legislation by making long speeches or introducing irrelevant issue. Host Culture: It is opposite to the home culture. It refers to some people live in abroad and they want to get those counties culture. For example, Chinese students want to learn English culture, and we can say the English culture is the host culture.Stolen Nation: The Stolen Generations (also Stolen children) is a term used to describe those children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who were removed from their families by the Australian Federal and State government agencies and church missions, under acts of their respective parliaments. The removals occurred in the period between approximately 1869 and 1969,although in some places children were still being taken in the 1970s.Sooner: Sooner is the name given to settlers in the midwest of the United States who entered the Unassigned Lands in what is now the state of Oklahoma before President Grover Cleveland officially proclaimed them open to settlement on March 2, 1889 with the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889.Exit Polls: a poll taken of a small percentage of voters as they leave their voting places, with the pollster asking if they voted for or against certain candidates or issuesOp-Ed Article:Opposite editorial(page) article. Itis anewspaperarticle that expresses the opinions of a namedwriterwho is usually unaffiliated with the newspapers editorial board. These are different fromeditorials which are usually unsigned and written by editorial board members.Albatross:A source of frustration or guilt. The word albatross is sometimes used metaphorically to mean a psychological burden that feels like a curse. It is anallusiontoSamuel Taylor Coleridges poemThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner(1798).Watergate: TheWatergate scandalwas apolitical scandalthat occurred in the United States in the 1970s as a result of the June 1972 break-in at theDemocratic National Committeeheadquarters at theWatergate office complexin Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administrations attempted cover-up of its involvement. The scandal eventually led to the resignation ofRichard Nixon, the President of the United States, on August 9, 1974, the only resignation of a U.S. President. The scandal also resulted in theindictment, trial, conviction and incarceration of 43 people, including dozens of Nixons top administration officials.Part II: Give answers to the following questions. (15 points, 5 for each)1. Explain features of English newspaper headlines.A.it always uses abbreviations and acronyms, eg：Uk is the abbreviation of the United KingdomSecond, short words are applied instead of long words. Eg：bar barricade Third, present tense is used rather than past tense. Forth, it always involves omission of prep., conjunction, auxiliary verb and pronoun.Last, rhetorical is sometimes adopted.2. List at least eight types of compound adjective. (five examples for each type)n + adj:West-central; Decade-long ;Razor-thin; Warfare-political;Sky-highn + n:fund-raiser guide-book college-prep adult-onset terra-cottan + to + n:Face-to-face shoulder-to-shoulder air-to-air soul-to-soul day-to dayadj+pp:Weatern-themed clear-aired high-priced open-ended quick-frozenadv+pp:Dimly-lit so-called well-dressed well-conducted well-doneadj+n:Large-scale red-carpet middle-class old-line free-marketadj+v-ing:Half-joking good-looking easy-going hard-working far-reaching n+v-ing:time-consuming soul-searching resume-building labor-saving investment-banking 3. Are there good reasons for the use of present tense in English newspaper headlines? Why?1、using past tense will give people a feel of old, people will think the news is not attractive. To avoid this situation, the titles of new often use past tense.2、The present tense will increase the freshness , reality and immediacy of the news.3、Make the title simpler and reduce the number of the title. We can omit some letters like “ed”.Part III: Re-organize the order of the following paragraphs according to the logical sequence of the story structure. Attention: all you need to do is to write in the box below the numbers for the corresponding paragraph. (16 points, 2 for each)1. Congressional Republicans acknowledge Obamas election victory, but say he must be more specific about budget cuts - including entitlements - if the parties are to strike a deal. 2. The fiscal cliff is a series of tax hikes and budget cuts that take effect next year - unless the White House and Congress reach an agreement to start reducing the nations $16 trillion-plus debt.3. A new ABC News/Washington Post survey says 49% approve of Obamas handling of talks to avoid the so-called fiscal cliff; while only 25% approve of how House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, has handled the negotiations.4. ABC News did point out “thats at least in part because many more people are in the dark about Boehners efforts, underscoring a presidents greater ability to command the spotlight to make his case - and to draw more unified backing from his partys core supporters.” 5. Theres a reason President Obama and aides believe congressional Republicans will cave on the issue of higher taxes for the rich - the polls are with them.6. White House officials say the polls - not to mention Obamas re-election win on Nov. 6 - reflect strong support for his plan to increase tax rates on couples who make more than $250,000 a year.7. “Look, the election is over,” said Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky. “The president may enjoy these political rallies, but its time to get serious.”8. According to a Bloomberg National Poll, “65% of Americans say the Nov. 6 results gave Obama a mandate on his proposal to raise tax rates on income over $250,000 and to get it done - 45% of Republicans agree.”9. Those kinds of numbers would make any president confident.534268917Part . Error correction of English headlines. (5 points）1. US refuses to support environment fundSupport-back2. Allowance is to reduced in 200,000 familiesis to reduced- cut 3. EU warns nuclear arms spreadEU against nuclear arms4. The identities of the jijack suspects are releasedThe identities of hijack suspects released5. The Chinese acrobats are masters of stuntsChinese acrobats- masters of stuntsPart .Put into English the following sentences or paragraphs. Attention: Be sure that your version is not merely a translation.（29 points）这些早年的海归校友10年后又重聚哈佛商学院，回忆起当年宿舍“卧谈”的往事，不禁感慨万千。他们当中，有人已成为中国的“乔布斯”，位居福布斯排行前十位，后遁居风景如画的丽江古城；有人远赴敦煌莫高窟，着手保护历经千年的文化瑰宝，每天疲于控制蜂拥而至的国内外游客数量；有人进入东北老工业基地，为振兴国有经济殚精竭虑；有人早已背弃了早年的誓言，深陷性丑闻；有人凭借“改变”的政治口号获得多数选民支持，成功进入中央政府。（6 points）These former old-boy returnees converged on Harvard Business School ten years later. On recollecting of the then all-night gabfests, they are filled with a mixed feeling. Among them, some person is already become the Chinese-Jobs, who is on the top ten of the list of Forbes and then become a hermit in the scenic ancient town of Lijiang. Some traveled long distance to Buddhist grottoes in Dunhuang, engaged in the protecting of the millionaire culture heritage, and exhausted in controlling the amount of the tourists swarming here from oceans in and out. Some have entered in the Northeast Rust Belt, devoted to the booming of the command economy. Some have abandoned the premier promise, immersed in the sex scandal. Some have gained the majoritys vote riding a reformist massage of change and succeeded to entrance into the administration. 由于风雨的侵蚀和西方列强的破坏，雕刻在崖壁上的唐代壁画和佛像均已剥落或下陷，其曼妙之美不复存在。可喜的是，各级政府已经逐渐意识到文物保护的重要性，将文物保护放在首位；但在一些长期贫困地区，旅游收入占地方财政收入的比例之高令人咋舌，个别地区竟高达三分之一。（5 points）Because of the ecode of wind,rain and the damage of Western plunderers, many of the murals and josses of Tang Dynasty are already sagging or peeling from the earthen walls, their delicate beauty faded away. Fortunately, the Chinese government is waking up to the significance of preserving the nations heritage and put it in the first place; but in some long mired poverty, tourist receipts account for a whopping one-third of the revenue for the entire province. 中国新一届领导集体一经亮相，便向外界传递出“新”的讯息。务实、亲民、高效是很多网民对新领导班子的评价。而深入群众、轻车简从、 改进会风、厉行节约等新规的出台更是向中国民众发出了掷地有声的政治承诺。（6 points）Once the new Chinese leadership team appeared, they gived the outside world some new messages. Pragmatic, close to people and high efficiency are the evaluation to the new leadership team by people. And getting in touch with people, arriving without pomp, improving meeting tendencies , keeping saving and other new rules send out a strong political voice to Chinese public. 尽管中国官方公布的年人均可支配性收入逐年递增，但远未达到消费大量奢侈品的程度，但中国普通百姓对奢侈品的热衷追捧和富人阶层对国际品牌的“饕餮”式消费却是震撼全世界。当欧美的富人们已经将“混合动力”和“捐资扶贫”作为时尚引导潮流时，我们的国人仍停留在爆发户式的消费层面上（6 points）TheannualdisposableincomepercapitaannouncedbyChineseofficialhasbeenincreaseyearbyyear,butfarfromreachingthelevelofconsumptionofalargenumberofluxury.However,thecrazeforluxuryoftheordinaryChineseandtheenormousconsumptionforinternationalbrandsofthewealthyshocktheworld.Whentherichesinwesterncountrieswhoarethenewmoversandshakersregardhybridcarsandgivingmoneytocharityasatrend,peopleinChinastillstuckintheupstartconsumptionlevel. 这位曾经的政坛风云人物被查处后立刻引起了连锁反应，一批政府高官纷纷落马。他曾作为总统的资深智囊，左膀右臂，帮助总统成功实现连任。点燃导火索的是他的账户上的巨额财产，尽管他竭尽全力解释这些灰色收入的来源，甚至找人顶罪，但其对陪审团歪曲事实的口供仍使其面临重罪的指控。这位曾经被“名校毕业、总统首席顾问”等光环围绕的精英人士最后却落得个深陷囹圄的下场。（6 points）The former political celebrity was investigated and caused a abramoff effect that a group of government dignitaries have been dismissed one by one. He was once a think tank working for president, and the right-hand man who helped president to achieve the re-election. The fuse was the huge property in his own account. Although he tried his best to explain the origin of these gray incomes, even searched a scapegoat, he was still faced with the charge of capital felony because of the oral confession which misrepresented the fact by the jury. The elite with the honor of graduate from the elite school, the presidents chief adviser was put into a jail at last.Put into Chinese the following sentences or paragraphs from the English pr