初一英语基础语法精讲精练.doc

定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如：This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。）这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词，它们作定语。5）状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。)I often write to him. (我常给他写信。)The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。)这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。6）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态，跟在系动词后。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。)通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下： （定语） 主语 （状语） 谓语 （定语） 宾语 （状语）如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.(The happy) child - went (his) home yesterday.考点1：名词作定语：名词作定语修饰复数名词的时候，前面的名词不能改成复数，但是man 和woman 除外。例句：Two women tourists and a man are arguing. (L3, P31) 两个女游客在跟一个男人争吵试题：1.I saw a few _ doctors working in the office. A. women B. womans C. woman D. womens （A） 2. There are 25 _ students in our class. A boy B. boys C. boys D.boys （A）考点2：missing=be not seen 不见了例句：I found my purse missing. ( L12 P31) 我发现我的手袋不见了。试题： The Greens are sad because their daughter is _. A. missed B. miss C. to miss D. missing （D）考点3：open既可以作形容词也可以作动词。open 开 ， 反义词为close（动词） open 开的，反义词为closed(形容词)例句：The bell rang and the door opened(L7, P9) 铃响了，门开了试题：The shop _at 9 am and it _ from 9 am to 5pmA. opens, opens B. opens, is open B. is open, is open D. is open, opened（B）考点4：see sb.doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调正在发生） see sb do sth 看着某人做某事（强调过程）例句：We saw six policemen standing round the man. (L25, P31) 我看到了6个警察站在他们周围。试题：Right at that moment, we heard a man _. A. sang B. to sing C. singing D. to be sing （C）考点5：stare at =look at for a long time 盯着例句：Everyone stared at the three people. (L6, P3) 大家都盯着这仨人看。试题：解释句子It is impolite to stare at people.=It is impolite to look at people for a long time.考点6：hurry to do sth =do sth in a hurry=do sth quickly 匆忙去做某事例句： The man hurried abroad。那男人匆忙上船(L15. P3) 试题：解释句子He hurried to school without breakfast.=He went to school in a hurry without breakfast.考点7. hold out=take out 拿出例句：The man held out a bag and showed it to the women. （L4 P31） 那男人拿出一个包给两个女人看。试题：解释句子Please hold out your bag.=Please take out your bag.考点 8 the other 两者中的另一个或其他的相关的几个不定代词辨析：other ：（形容词）+名词the other ：（两个中的）另一个 ， the other +名词： 其他的。others: 其他的人或物the others 其他的人或物（在一定范围内）例句： Please meet it on the other side of the river. 请在河对岸迎接它（L22 P31）试题：I have a book in one hand and a pen in _。 A. other B. the others C. other D. the other （D）考点9 pick up 捡起 ：动词+副词构成的动词短语，后接宾语为代词时，代词只能置于动词与副词之间。例句： Then he hurried to an ice cream shop, picked up the phone and quickly dialed 110. 他匆忙向一个雪糕店走去，拿起电话快速地拨了110（L18 P31）试题：His pen fell off the desk, the teacher _ for him.A picked it up B picked up it C pick it up（A）考点9：forget doing/to do 与remember doing/to doforget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做)The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)Dont forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。(to come 动作未做) 1.- The light in the office is still on. - Oh，I forgot_.A. turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it offremember to do 记得去做某事(未做) remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?1. jack, good boy! Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read thenewspaper.A. you B. me C. him D. her2.This morning I had _ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast.A. an B. a C. the D.不填3._Is your holiday?Well, not bad.A.What B.How C.Where D.When4. Timmy goes to school _ every day. Its 5 minutes walk fromhis home to school.A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat5. Everything is _ at night markets. You dont need a lot of moneyto have a good time.A. cheap B. bad C. tired D. dear6. Excuse me, _ is the nearest bookshop?Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.A. how B. what C. where D. who8. Can you play football?Yes, I can, _ I cant play it very well.A. or B. and C. so D. but9. Last month, students had to have their lessons by internet _because of SARS.A. on the playground B. at homeC. in the street D. near the hospital10. It is _ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming thisafternoon?A .the hottest B. hotC. hottest D. hotter11. Listen! Some of the girls _ about Harry Potter. Lets join them!A. are talking B. talkC. will talk D. talked12. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well beforeBeijing 2008 Olympics.A. Thousand B. ThousandsC. Thousand of D. Thousands of13. Our teacher, Miss Chen, _ English on the radio the day beforeyesterday.A. teaches B. taughtC. will teach D. had taught14. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom doC. what Tom will do D. what Tom did15. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ newwords in it.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few16. I dont think I _ you in that dress before.A. have seen B. was seeingC. saw D. see17. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures_ a camera.A. as B. for C. like D. of18. You want _ sandwich?Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry.A. other B. another C. others D. the other19. Dont you think you should paint the wall?Who would _?A. see B. look C. watch D. notice20. I forgot to bring my notebook._. You can borrow some paper from me.A. Help yourself B. Im sorryC. No problem D. So carelessSomeone says, “Time is money.” But I think time is _1_ important than money. Why? Because when money is spent, we can get it back. However, when time is 2 itll never 3 . Thats 4 we mustnt waste time. It goes without saying that the 5 is usually limited. Even a second is very important. We should make full use of our time to do 6_ useful. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people who do not know the importance of time. They spent their limited time smoking, drinking and _7 . They do not know that wasting time means wasting part of their own _8 . In a word, we should save time. We shouldnt 9 todays work for tomorrow. Remember we have no time to 10 .1. A. muchB. lessC. much lessD. even more2. A. costB. boughtC. goneD. fin