人际交往能力对飞行大学生的心理健康水平的影响.docx

人是社会群居性动物，人类生活在社会中，必然会与其他社会人发生各种各样的联系，也可以说是人与人之间的交往活动，即人际交往。心理学研究表明，良好的人际交往模式能建立良好的人际关系，丰富而良好的人际关系有助于人的心理健康。大学生由于自身发展阶段的特殊性和所处环境的独特性，他们渴望自立，但是脱离父母、独立生活需要他们与人交往。现实中大多数学生主观上愿意与人交往，但实践中不是缺乏勇气就是缺乏技巧，以至于交往中受到挫折，不但体验不到与人交往的乐趣，反而直接打击个体的自信心，从而影响大学生的心理健康水平。飞行大学生不同于其他专业的大学生，由于飞行行业属于特殊及高危行业，其行业的性质特点和职业要求，要求飞行大学生拥有比普通专业大学生更健康更良好的心理素质，而拥有良好的心理素质是从事飞行职业的基础之一。基于对行业要求的考虑，每位飞行学员入学前都会进行相应的心理测验，筛选出心理健康达标的同学入学。有资料显示，我国飞行学员心理健康水平总体良好，高于同龄其他大学生群体1，但是飞行学员在学习期间心理发展不成熟，情绪不稳定，同时面临着一系列生理、心理、社会适应的课题时，心理冲突矛盾时有发生，同时肩负着沉重的飞机安全压力等。如果心理冲突和矛盾得不到有效疏导、合理解决，久而久之会形成心理障碍。有效的人际交往会帮助学生舒缓和释放不良情绪，调整心理状态，稳定心理健康水平。飞行员的飞行操作与人际交往是共同存在的，飞行员需要在飞行的过程中不断了解飞机状态的同时，还要跟地面的空管人员实时沟通飞机及机舱内外的状况，让地面管理人员实时了解飞机的状态，以便飞机能够精准的起飞和降落，准确的在指定的空域里安全的飞行。这些都需要飞行大学生在学习飞行技术的同时培养自己的语言组织能力以及与人的协商能力等人际交往的能力。飞行员在成为机长之后，在必要的情况下要以机长的身份对乘客舱内发生的纠纷进行必要的调解，这需要飞行大学生在兼顾飞行的同时培养仲裁与排解纷争能力、善于察言观色、解读他人的情绪、分析能力等。总的来说，这些能力都是人际交往能力。从心理上讲，每个人都是天生的自我中心者，个人都希望别人能承认自己的价值，支持自己，接纳自己，喜欢自己。因此，在社会交往中，就更重视自己的自我表现，注意吸引别人的注意，希望别人能接纳自己，喜欢自己。据研究表明，人际关系的基础是人与人之间的相互重视、相互支持。对于真心接纳我们，喜欢我们的人，我们也更愿意同他交往并建立和维持关系。飞行大学生人际交往能力越强，越容易让人接受他并接受他的意见，做出的判断和决策更有说服力、影响力，即使自己的判断有一定的偏差，大多也会积极听取他人的意见或建议来改善自己的言语和行为，让事态向好的方向发展。人际交往能力强会帮助飞行员在飞行过程中与各方面人沟通的过程中更顺利的完成需要达到的目标，树立良好的形象，建立良好的人际关系，提高心理健康的水平。青年期的大学生尤其希望被人接受、理解的心情尤为迫切。如若一个飞行大学生交际能力较弱，在人际交往过程中总是无法得到他人的支持和重视，交往过程受挫，直接影响学生的交往信心。尤其在飞行学习过程中交往受挫，很大可能飞行技术也得不到肯定，无法通过人际交往与自己的教员沟通自己的问题所在，解决实际的问题，飞行技术无法达到飞行标准，自信心不断下降，更加不愿意与人交际，孤立自己。人类的精神活动得以产生和维持，起重要的支柱是充分的人际交往，人际交往的剥夺或缺失，必然出现种种异常的心理，心理健康水平会逐渐降低，可能出现心理障碍，最终可能导致停飞。如果在学习飞行技术毕业后进入公司，也可能由于人际交往能力的不足，无法处理飞行过程中飞机机舱内乘务员以及乘客等出现的应急问题，可能激化乘客对航空公司的矛盾，从而导致航空公司或者乘客的经济损失或者精神损失，后果都是不可估量的。人的心理健康水平不是天赋的，而是取决于后天的教育与训练，教育对心理健康水平的提高起着决定性的作用。 根据飞行大学生心理健康的现状，充分发挥学院心理咨询作用，对有心理健康障碍的学生实施团体咨询，通过实施团体咨询的方式进行人际交往训练。团体咨询是在一个轻松、自在、活跃的气氛中完成的，主要通过各种心理游戏进行实施。在团体的情境下，由咨询员根据飞行学生问题的相似性，通过帮助团员在游戏中了解自己行为的不足，发现对方的有点，去学习新的行为，改变不适当的行为，减轻心理矛盾和冲突，排解心中忧难，开发身心潜能。团体训练提供支持、关心、感情渲泄等方式，帮助学生正确认识自己、把握自己，有效地适应外界环境，改善成员的人格结构， 以达到提高心理健康水平的目的。想要有良好的人际交往能力，就要学会交际的技巧，大学生只要注意加强交往的实际锻炼，学会技巧，良好的交往能力就一定会形成。良好的人际关系有赖于相互的了解，有赖于彼此思想上的沟通；还要注意与人交谈，交换看法，讨论感兴趣的事情；沟通时，语言表达要清楚、准确、简练、生动；要学会有效聆听，做到耐心、虚心、会心，把握交谈的技巧，吸引和抓住对方。人际交往团体训练通过对大学生的交往能力提高， 增强学生的自信心， 克服焦虑、自卑等不良的心理问题， 从而促进大学生的心理健康。在未来的飞行职业生涯中，飞行员会遇到来自社会各方的压力，只有良好的人际交往能力能够帮助飞行员在学习、工作和生活中更好的适应环境带来压力和动力。我们希望通过提高飞行大学生的人际交往能力，通过一定的交往技巧，让他人能够成为让别人接纳、支持、喜欢的对象。与他人建立并维持良好的人际关系，通过人际交往解决或缓解自己在学习或者生活中的各种问题，更好的帮助飞行大学生在学习以及今后的职场中成长和成才，提高他们的心理健康水平，因此说明人际交往能力的提升对飞行大学生的心理健康水平有着积极的影响。People are social animals, society of human life in society, will inevitably contact with other people of the society in a variety of, also can saying is the interpersonal communication activities, namely, interpersonal communication. Psychological research shows that good interpersonal mode is to establish a good interpersonal relationship, rich and good interpersonal relationship is helpful to peoples mental health. College students because of the particularity of its own development stage and the uniqueness of the environment, they are eager to independence, but independence from parents, life need them with people. In reality most of the students subjective willing to associate with people, but in practice is not a lack of courage is lack of skill, that setback in a relationship, not only cant experience the pleasure of meeting people, instead of directly affect the individuals self-confidence, which affect college students mental health.Flying college students are different from other professional college students, because the flight industry belongs to the special and high risk industry, the nature of their industry characteristics and professional requirements, request flight college students have more healthy than ordinary college students more good psychological quality, and have good psychological quality is the foundation of career in flight. Based on the requirements of the industry to consider, every flying cadets before admission to the corresponding psychological test, screening mental health standard of students to school. The data shows, in the overall level of flying cadets psychological health is good, is higher than other same age students groups 1, but flying cadets psychological development immature during learning, emotional instability, while facing a series of physiological, psychological and social adaptation, when the issues psychological conflict occurs frequently, and shoulder the heavy aircraft safety pressure, etc. If can not get effective psychological conflict and contradiction, the reasonable solution, as time passes can form the psychological barrier. Effective interpersonal communication will help students relieve and release the bad mood, adjust state of mind, stable mental health level.Pilots of flight operations and interpersonal is mutual, pilots in the process of flight need to continue to understand the state of the aircraft at the same time, also to communicate with ground controllers were real time the status of the aircraft and engine room inside and outside, make managers in real time to understand the state of the aircraft on the ground, so that the plane can accurate take-off and landing, accurate in designated airspace safety flight. This requires college students in learning flight technology at the same time develop their language ability of organization and negotiation ability with people such as the ability of interpersonal communication.Pilot in became captain, if necessary to the identity of the captain to passengers necessary to mediate disputes arising in the cabin, the need of college students in both flight and train the ability of arbitration and conflict resolution, good at sense motive, reading other peoples emotions, analysis ability and so on. In general, these capabilities are interpersonal skills.Psychologically, everyone is born a self-centered person, the value of personal hope that others can be admitted to support yourself, accept yourself, like yourself. In social activities, therefore, will pay more attention to their own self-expression, pay attention to attract the attention of others, hope someone can accept yourself, like yourself. According to the study, interpersonal relationship is the basis of the importance to each other, support each other between people. To sincerely accept us, like us, and we are more willing to communication and to establish and maintain the relationship with him.Flight college students interpersonal communication ability is strong, the easier it is to let people accept him and accept his advice, make the judgment and decision making more persuasive, influence, even if their own judgment has certain deviation, most will also actively listen to other peoples opinions or Suggestions to improve their own words and actions, make things better. Strong interpersonal skills will help pilots in flight process in the process of communication with all parties face more smoothly completed to achieve goals, establish a good image, establish a good interpersonal relationship, improve the level of mental health.Young period of college students, in particular, want to be people to accept and understand the mood is particularly urgent. If a flight college students communicative ability is weak, in the process of interpersonal communication is always cant get the support and attention of others, communication process, directly affect the students confidence. Especially in flight interaction in the learning process, most likely flight technology is also not sure, not through interpersonal communication with their teachers own problem, to solve practical problems, technology cannot achieve flight standards, confidence has fallen, more is not willing to communicate with people, isolated themselves. Human mental activity is able to produce and maintain, important pillar is good interpersonal communication, interpersonal communication of deprivation or loss, must appear all sorts of abnormal psychology, mental health will gradually reduce, possible psychological barriers, could eventually lead to grounded. If flying in learning technology into the company after graduation, also may be due to the lack of interpersonal skills, cant handle the flight of aircraft cabin crew and passengers in emergency problem, and the contradiction could escalate to airline passengers, resulting in airlines or passengers economic losses or spiritual damages, the consequences are immeasurable.Mans psychological health level is not a talent, but on the day after tomorrows education and training, education of psychological health level of play a decisive role. Flying, according to the present situation of the college students mental health, and fully give play to the role of college counseling, group counseling for students with mental health disorders, by means of the implementation of interpersonal communication in the form of group counseling training. Group counseling is in a relaxed, comfortable, active atmosphere, mainly by various psychological game. In a group situation, by the consultant according to similarity, flying students by helping members about their behavior in the game, find each other a little, to study the new behavior, change inappropriate behavior, reduce psychological contradictions and conflicts, comfort heart YouNan, development potential of body and mind. Group training support, care and affection an outlet, help students to correctly understand, grasp myself, effectively to adapt to the environment, improving the structure of the members of the personality, in order to improve the level of mental health.Want to have good interpersonal skills, learn to communication skills, as long as college students pay attention to the actual exercise to strengthen exchanges, learn skills, good communication skills will be formed. A good interpersonal relationship depends on the understanding of each other, depend on each others thoughts on communication and Also note that talking to people, exchange views and discuss interesting things; Communication, language expression to clear, accurate, concise and lively; Learn to listen