2012职称英语综合A完型填空精美小炒.doc

+第十一篇 School LunchResearch has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat (1) properly in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to (2) provide meals at lunchtime. Children can (3) choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.One shocking (4) finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict (5) standards for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one (6) portion of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes (7) examined by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children (8) consume twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.The research will provide a better (9) understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has (10) increased in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot (11) criticiseparents, but it can remind them of the (12) nutritional value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their childrens diet can (13) affect their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating (14) habits at this age, and parents are the only ones who can (15) prevent it.+第十二篇A Powerful InfluenceThere can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly (1) ever doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are (2) curious to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be (3) harmful to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time (4) staring at their computers?Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours, (5) absorbed_ in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should (6) make of the Internet, and the child should give his or her (7) word that it wont interfere with homework. If the child is not (8) holding to this arrangement, the parent can take more drastic (9) steps dealing with a childs use of the Internet is not much different from (10) negotiating any other soft of bargain about behaviour.Any parent who is (11) seriously alarmed about a childs behaviour should make an appointment to (12) discuss the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not (13) necessarily affect a childs performance at school. Even if a child is (14) absolutely crazy about using the Internet，he or she is probably just (15) going through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!+第十三篇 The Old GateIn the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive (1) reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious (2) diseases. The Old City of London gates were all (3) demolished by the end of the 18th century. The last of Londons gates was removed a century ago, but by a (4) stroke of luck, it was never destroyed. This gate is, in (5) actual fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the (6) boundary between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in (7) storage because its design was (8) unfashionable it was expensive to (9) maintain and it was blocking the traffic.The Temple Bar Trust was (10) set out in the 1970s with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the (11) preservation of the nations architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it (12) down, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Pauls Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be (13) replaced, though there is a good (14) chance that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest (15) job of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.+第十四篇 Family History In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being (1) attracted to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history. They can try to (2) find out more about where their families came from and what they did, This is now a fastgrowing hobby, especially in countries with a (3) fairly short history, like Australia and the United States.It is (4) one _ thing to spend some time (5)going through a book on family history and to take the (6) decision to investigate your own familys past. It is (7) quite another to carry out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and (8) cause yourself many problems which could have been (9) avoided with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are (10) connected with a famous character, whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take over your research. Just (11) treat it as aninteresting possibility. A simple system (12) for collecting and storing your information willbe adequate to start with; a more complex one may only get in your (13) way. The mostimportant thing, though, is to (14) get started. Who knows what you (15) might find ?+第十五篇 Helen and MartinWith a thoughtful sigh, Helen turned away from the window and wa1ked back to her favourite armchair. (1) Would her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much.Over the years Helen had given (2up waiting for Martin to take an interest in her.Her feelings for him had gradually (3) weakened until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than a sisters. (4) curiosity to see what had (5) become of her brother.Almost without (6) warning, Martin had lost, his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadnt (7) bothered to keep in touch and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her (8) confidence in her own judgment growing. (9) Ignoring the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway (l0) through her course and now, to the astonishment of the whole family, she was (11) gaining a fast-growing reputation in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live (12) drop_from her paintings.Of course, she (13) took no pleasure in Martins sudden misfortune, but she couldnt (14) help looking forward to her brothers arrival with (15) quiet satisfaction at what she had achieved.第六篇 Teaching and learningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the (1) information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (2) idea student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of(3) learning , not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned(4) with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is(5) responsible for learning the material assigned. When research is(6) assigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with(7) minimum guidance. It is the students responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain(8) how a university library works; they expect students(9) particularly graduate students to exhaust the reference(10) sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but(11) prefer that their students should not be (12) too dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties (13) besides teaching， such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (14) limited. If a student has problems with classroom work , the student should either (15) approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.*第七篇 The Difference between Man and Computer What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories dont yet (1) account for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand， dont. In fact，computers dont (3) even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (4) program is to be a model of story understanding ，it should also read for a purpose. Of course ，people have several goals that do not make (5) sense to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide (6) in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (7) find a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches. However ，these physiological and social goals give (8) rise to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) information about the name of a restaurant which (10) serves the desired type of food ，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling (12) learning goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13) might want to find out the location of a restaurant ，and read a guide in order to do so (14) in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (15) arise out of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the goal to learn more about restaurants.*第八篇 Look on The Bright Side Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always (1)expected to be successful? Having someone around who always (2) fears the worst isnt really a lot of (3) fun. We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says ，INooks ( 4 ) like rain. But if you catch yourself thinking such things，its important to do something (5) about it. You can change your view of life ，(6) according to psychologists. It only takes a little effort ，and youll find life more rewarding as a (7) result. Optimism，they say，is partly about self-respect and confidence but its also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to (8) offer. Optimists are more (9) likely to start new projects and are generally more preparedto take risks. Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your (10) attitude to the world. Some people are brought up to (11) depend too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything (12) goes wrong. Most optimists，on the (13 ) other hand, have been brought up not to (14) regard failure as the end of the worldthey just (15) get on with their lives.*第九篇 The First Bicycle The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791，Count de Sivrac (1) delightedonlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention ，a machine called the celerifer. It was basically an (2) enlarged version of a childrens toy which had been in (3) use for many years. Sivracs celerifer had a wooden frame，made in the (4) shape of a horse ，which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it ，you sat on a small seat ，just like a modem bicycle ，and pushed (5) hard_ against the (6) ground with your legsthere were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celerifer and it had no brakes，but despite these problems the invention very much (7) appealed to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were (8) holding races up and down the streets. Minor (9) injuries were common as riders attempted a final burst of ( 10 ) speed_ . Controlling the machine was difficult ，as the only way to change (11) direction was to pull up the front of the celerifer and (12) turn it round while the front wheel was (13) spinning in the air. Celerifers were not popular for long ，however ，as the (14) combination of no springs ，no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so，the wooden celerifer was the (15) origin of the modem bicycle.第十篇 Working Mothers Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems，compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal (1) view is that mothers