2013年全国职称英语等级考试(理工类)模拟试卷-中大网校.doc

中大网校引领成功职业人生 2013年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类）模拟试卷总分：100分 及格：60分 考试时间：120分下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。(1)The cylindrical shape of a cactus reduces moisture loss.（）AlessensBdelaysCredistributesDreverses(2)In temperate regions the growth rings on turtles epidermal p1ates reflect seasonal variations in growth.（）AindicateBstimulateCincludeDprevent(3)During the 1840s, Dorothea Dix was a 1eader in the movement for the reform of prison conditions.（）AunificationBcreationCreviva1Dbetterment(4)The polar regions are generally covered with ice and snow.（）AareasBrocksCmountainsDseas(5)Against the advice of his accountants, Henry Ford regularly reduced the price of his early automobiles.（）ArecklesslyBhesitantlyCgreatlyDroutinely(6)Proper exercise plays a significant role in the rehabilitation of patients with various back ailments.（）AoperationBrecoveryCcastingDrelaxation(7)It is not possible for peop1e to remember everything that they have thought.（）Arecall Bappreciate Crepeat Ddiscuss(8)A fossil is remnant of a once-lving organism.（）Abone Bsolvent Cpicture Dvestige(9)An expert in any field may be defined as a person who possesses specialized skills and is capab1e of rendering very competent services.（）Aobtaining Bmastering Cproviding Dfinancing(10)Among the men and women who reshaped the American working class during the early 1900s, there were many who were not members of labor unions.（）Achallenged the rights ofBcriticized the views ofCinterviewed the leaders ofDchanged the character of(11)Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in colonies.（）AlivedBdiedChuntedDfed(12)Over thirty cities around the world boast more than five million residents.（）AjobsBdwellings CblocksDinhabitants(13)By 1900, many municipalities had begun to restrict the use of automobiles in order to ensure pedestrian safety.（）AtestBlimitCstandardizeDprohibit(14)High wages and restrictive work practices are said to have created new nonunion competition.（）AinefficientBrecognizedClimitingDdangerous(15)The host important result of the Lewis and Clark expedition was that it enabled the United States to claim the Oregon region.（）AregretBproblemCoutcomeDcontroversy阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。(1)请根据以下内容回答1-7题Winners and LosersWhy are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc (集团) and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated (给以新的活力) by the Chinese adoption of market economics. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years. In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure (基础结构)；many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies; often under pressure from International Monetary Fund. First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and an adequate method for collecting taxes. Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the U. S. Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsins regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs (寡头政治集团成员), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home.In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula. Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes. Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.Japan has a long trading tradition.（）ARightBWrongCNot mentionedCNot mentioned(2)Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.（）ARightBWrongCNot mentioned(3)All African countries followed the IMF formula.（）ARightBWrongCNot mentioned(4)The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.（）ARightBWrongCNot mentioned(5)Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.（）ARightBWrongCNot mentioned(6)China did not take IMF advice.（）ARightBWrongCNot mentioned(7)Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.（）ARightBWrongCNot mentioned阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第14题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第58题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。(1)请根据以下内容回答1-8题Heartbeat of America1New York-the Statue of Liberty, the skyscrapers, the beautiful shops on Fifth Avenue and the many theaters on Broadway. This is Americas cultural capital. It is also her biggest city, with a population of nearly 8 million. In the summer it is hot, hot, hot and in the winter it can be very cold. Still there are hundreds of things to do and see all the year round.2Manhattan is the real center of the city. When people say “New York City,” they usually mean Manhattan. Most of the interesting shops, buildings and museums are here. In addition, Manhattan is the scene of New Yorks busy night life. In 1605 the first Europeans came to Manhattan from Holland. They bought the island from the Native Americans for a few glass necklaces worth about $ 26 today.3Wall Street in Manhattan is the financial heart of the USA. It is also the most important banking center in the world. It is a street of “skyscrapers”. These are those incredible, high buildings, which Americans invented, and built faster and higher than anyone else. Perhaps the two most spectacular skyscrapers in New York are the two towers of the New York World Trade Center. When the sun sets, their 110 floors shine like pure gold.4Like every big city, New York has its own traffic system. Traffic jams can be terrible. Its usually quickest to go by subway. The New York subway is easy to use and quite cheap. The subway goes to almost every corner of Manhattan. But it is not safe to take the subway late in night because in some places you could get robbed. New York buses are also easy to use. You see more if you go by bus. There are more than 30,000 taxis in New York. They are easy to see, because they are bright yellow and carry large TAXI signs. Taxis do not go outside the city. However，they will go to the airports. In addition to the taxi fare, people give the taxi driver a tip of 15 percent of the fares value.5Central Park is a beautiful green oasis in the middle of New Yorks concrete desert. It is surprisingly big, with lakes and woods, as well as organized recreation areas. New Yorkers love Central Park, and they use it all the time. In the winter, they go ice-skating, and in the summer roller-skating. They play ball, ride horses and have picnics. They go bicycling and boating. There is even a childrens zoo, with wild birds and animals.6Along the east side of Central Park runs Fifth Avenue, once called “Millionaires Row. ”In the 19th century, the richest men in America built their magnificent homes here. It is still the most fashionable street in the city, with famous department stores.7Broadway is the street where you will find New Yorks best known theaters. But away from the bright lights and elegant clothes of Broadway are many smaller theaters. Their plays an called “off-Broad-way” and are often more unusual than the Broadway shows. As well as many theaters, New York has a famous opera house. This is the Metropolitan, where international stars sing from September until April. Carnegie Hall is the citys most popular concert hall. But night life in New York offers more than classical music and theater. There are hundreds of nightclubs where people go to eat and dance.(1-4题共用以下备选答案)AThe Financial Center of USABThe Night Life in New YorkCThe Traffic Facilities of New YorkDShopping Center for the RichENew YorkAn International CityFCentral ParkA Place of Recreation for the New YorkersParagraph 3 _(2)Paragraph 4 _(3)Paragraph 5 _(4)Paragraph 6 _(5)(5-8题共用以下备选答案)Ado whatever they like for relaxationBwhere you can play all kinds of ball gamesCthan the world famous BroadwayDenjoy the colorful night life of the cityEwhere the wealthy people would go shoppingFfor what seems to be a very small sum todayThe island of Manhattan was bought by the Hollanders from the native Americans _(6)Central Park is a good place where the New Yorkers can go and _(7)Fifth Avenue is the place _(8)For those play-lovers who are interested in what is unusual, the small theaters might be more attractive _下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。(1)请根据以下内容回答1-5题Putting Plants to WorkUsing the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts: Theyve been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless youre a plant, its difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. Thats why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.Some scientists are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo., is working with green algae. Shes trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently, the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthesis, plants normally make sugars or starches. “But under certain conditions, a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen.” Ghirardi says. For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. Its the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time. Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. Its not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars, even when air is present.Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algaes cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere: “You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. Theres a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms. ”What does the writer Say about plants concerning solar energy?_APlants are the real experts in producing solar energy.BPlants have been used to produce solar energy.CPlants have been using solar energy for billions of years.DPlants have been a source of solar energy.(2)Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches? _ABecause they want algae to produce sugars and starches.BBecause they want green plants to become a new source of energy.CBecause they want to turn plant sugars to a new form of energy.DBecause they want to make photosynthesis more efficient.(3)According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen? _AWhen there is a lot of oxygen in the air.BWhen there is no oxygen in the air.CWhen photosynthesis is taking place.DWhen enough starch is stored.(4)Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently. Which one of the following is one such difficulty? _AIt is not possible to remove sulfate from the environment.BIt is not possible to work in an airfree environment to produce hydrogen.CIt is not easy to make sugars instead of hydrogen.DIt is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.(5)What is NOT true of algae? _AThey are easy to grow.BThey can be a very good fuel source.CThey are cheap to eat.DThey can be used in many ways.(6)请根据以下内容回答6-10题Human IngenuitySince the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greater precision that highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselvesgoals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manag