汽车英语Unit 4 Auto Engine Awareness.doc

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All other components of the engine are attached to it. The cylinder block has several internal passageways to let cooling fluid circulate around the block. It also has several large holes machined into the block where the combustion occurs.气缸体大部分由铸铁或者铝制成，被认为是发动机的基础。发动机其他所有的部件都安装在气缸体上。气缸体有几个内部通道，以便冷却液在缸体周围循环。气缸体也有几个加工成的孔洞以便燃油在这里燃烧。The cylinders are internal holes machined into the cylinder block. These holes are used for combustion. Automobiles usually use four, six, or eight cylinders. Each cylinder has one piston. which is the round object sliding up and down Pistons are made of light material that can withstand high temperatures, such as high-quality aluminum,. When fuel and air ignite to cause expansion above the piston, this expansion forces the piston downward. The motion converts the energy in the fuel into mechanical energy. 气缸是缸体内机械加工成的若干个孔洞，这些孔洞是用于燃油的燃烧。通常情况下，汽车发动机有四缸、六缸、或八缸三种类型。每个气缸都有一个活塞。这些活塞是柱状物体并且上下滑动。活塞由铝制成，材料轻，耐高温。当空燃混合物点燃，引起活塞上面膨胀，迫使活塞向下运动。运动把燃料的化学能转换为机械能。Attached to the bottom of the piston is the connecting rod. Its main purpose is to attach the piston to the crankshaft. The crankshaft is used to change the reciprocating motion of the piston and connecting rod to rotary motion.3 Rotary motion is used as the output power of the engine. 连杆安装到活塞的底部，其主要功能是连接活塞和曲轴。曲轴用来把活塞和连杆的往复运动改变为旋转运动。旋转运动用来发动机输出功率。The cylinder head made of cast iron or aluminum is the part that fits over the top of the cylinder block. It usually houses the ports and valves that allow fuel and air to enter the cylinder. The spark plug is also attached to the cylinder head. When the cylinder head is bolted to the cylinder block, it seals the cylinders and controls air and fuel in and out of the cylinder. 气缸盖由铸铁或铝制造，是气缸的一个重要部件，适合盖在缸体顶部。通常情况下，气缸盖把空气和燃油进入气缸的气门和气缸通道覆盖。火花塞也安装到气缸盖上。当气缸盖用螺栓固定在气缸体上时，它能够密封气缸，控制空气和燃料进出气缸。The combustion chamber is the area between the cylinder head and block , where the combustion takes place inside the cylinder. Some engines have the combustion chamber located inside the head. Most diesel engines have the combustion chamber located inside the top of the piston. 燃烧室位于气缸盖和汽缸体之间的区域，空燃混合燃料在这里燃烧。有些发动机燃烧室位于汽缸盖下边；大多数柴油发动机燃烧室位于活塞顶端的下部。Valves are placed inside the cylinder head to allow air and fuel to enter and burned gases to leave the combustion area. When valves are closed, the port is sealed perfectly. Valves are opened by using a camshaft and are closed by using springs. There is an intake valve to allow fuel and air to enter the cylinder. Exhaust valves allow the burned gases to escape the cylinder.气门放在气缸盖的下面，允许空气和燃油进入，也允许燃烧过的气体（废气）离开燃烧室，排出气缸。当气门关闭，气缸通道严密封堵。气门由凸轮轴打开，由气门弹簧关闭。进气门允许燃料和空气进入气缸，排气门允许燃烧过的废气排除气缸。The camshaft is used to open the valves at the correct time, so air and fuel can enter the cylinder. The valves are then closed by springs on each valve. The camshaft is driven by either gears, belts, or chain drives from the crankshaft. The camshaft must be timed to the crankshaft so that the valves will open and close in correct time with the position. 凸轮轴是用来在正确的时间打开气门，使空气和燃料进入汽缸。然后气门由每个气门簧关闭。凸轮轴要么由驱动轮，皮带，要么由曲轴上的驱动链驱动。所以，凸轮轴必须对曲轴正时, 以便阀门在正确的时间和位置打开和关闭。The flywheel is located on the drive end of the crankshaft, to act as a weight to keep the crankshaft rotating once power has been applied to the piston. 7. It is used to smooth out any power pulses and helps return the piston to the top of the cylinder.飞轮是位于曲轴的驱动端, 一旦动力已经应用于活塞，飞轮可作为一个重物保持曲轴旋转。它是用来消除任何功率脉冲，并帮助返回活塞气缸顶部。II.参考答案Task I. Answer the following questions according to the passage . 1.What is the function of the automobile engine？ Engine is the heart of automobiles ,it can produce power for automobiles movement2.Why is an automobile engine regarded as a complex structure？ An automobile engine is a complex structure, because it includes many components, such as the major components of the engine include the cylinder block, cylinders, pistons, connecting rods and crankshaft, cylinder head, combustion chamber, valves, camshaft, flywheel, intake and exhaust manifolds and so on.3.Why is the cylinder block considered the foundation of the engine ? The cylinder block is considered the foundation of the engine, because all other components of the engine are attached to it. 4.What is the advantage of pistons made of light material ,giving an example？Pistons are made of light material that can withstand high temperatures, such as high-quality aluminum,5.What is the camshaft driven by ?The camshaft is driven by either gears, belts, or chain drives from the crankshaft.Task II. Match the words on the left with their meaning on the right.1.camshaft A. a passage for air going in or out2.valve B. a place where fuel combustion3.cumbustion chamber C. a wheel keeping crankshaft rotating4.piston D. a part carrying out stroke works5.flywheel E. device causing the valves open or close at correct time1-E 2- A 3-B 4-D 5-CTask III. Translate the following expressions into Chinese or English 1.combustion chamber 燃烧室 6.润滑系统 lubrication system2.cooling system 冷却系统 7.喷 油 器 fuel injector 3.chemical energy 化学能 8.往复式发动机Reciprocating engine 4.starting system 起动系统 9.电 流 current 5. ignition system 点火系统 10.发电机 alternator Task IV. Translate the following expressions into Chinese or English1.Diesel engines have the combustion chamber located inside the top of the piston.大多数柴油发动机燃烧室位于活塞顶端的下部。2.The automobile engine is an internal combustion engine which converts the heat energy of fuel into mechanical energy to make the car move. 汽车发动机一般都是内燃机，把燃油的热能转化为机械能驱动汽车运行。3.The camshaft must be timed to the crankshaft so that the valves will open and close in correct time with the position.凸轮轴必须对曲轴正时, 以便阀门在正确的时间和位置打开和关闭。4. The flywheel is located on the drive end of the crankshaft, to act as a weight to keep the crankshaft rotating once power has been applied to the piston. 飞轮是位于曲轴的驱动端, 一旦动力已经应用于活塞，飞轮可作为一个重物保持曲轴旋转。 5.Valves are placed inside the cylinder head to allow air and fuel to enter and burned gases to leave the combustion area气门放在气缸盖的下面，允许空气和燃油进入，也允许燃烧过的气体（废气）离开燃烧室，排出气缸。III. 课外阅读 Engine Reassembling and Adjusting发动机装配与调整An engine is reassembled in the reverse sequence to dismantling, but particular attention must be paid to detail. Cleanliness is most important. Any dirt or abrasive particles left behind after grinding valves or honing cy1inders could accelerate engine wear or cause damage.发动机按照与拆除的相反顺序组装，但必须特别注意各个细节。清洁是最重要的。在研磨阀或珩磨气缸后留下的任何灰尘或研磨颗粒都可以加速发动机磨损或损坏。Some points to be observed during reassembly are as follows:在组装发动机时，下面几点在观察时需要注意：Moving parts. All moving parts should be well oiled as they are being reassembled. This prevents corrosion and provides initial lubrication.运动部件。所有运动部件都应该在组装时上油润滑，可以防止腐蚀，并提供初始润滑。Gaskets and seals. New gaskets and seals should be fitted carefully so that they are correctly located and not damaged. Sealant should be applied to gaskets and surfaces where specified .垫片和密封件。新垫片和密封件应仔细地安装，使他们正确定位，避免损坏。密封剂应该用于指定的垫片和表面。Bolts and nuts. These should be tightened to the specified torque. Threads should be clean, and thread sealer or locking compound should be applied where recommended.螺栓和螺母。这些螺栓和螺母应拧紧到规定力矩。螺纹应清洁，建议使用螺纹密封或锁止复合物。Bearing bores. These should be perfectly clean before installing the bearings. The bearing inserts should have sufficient spread to snap into position when being fitted. They should stand slightly above the bore, indicating that they have crush. Tightening of the bearing cap should be completed with a torque wrench.轴承孔。安装前轴承应该是完全干净。安装时，轴承嵌入应该足够伸展到嵌入位置。它们应该站略高于孔，表明他们已经破碎。用扭矩扳手拧紧轴承盖，宣告完成。Rear main-bearing oil seal. This is not readily accessible once the engine is assembled, so extra care should be taken to avoid leaks后主轴承油封。一旦发动机组装起来，这不易发现，所以额外应注意避免泄漏Connecting rods. The pistons must be correctly installed. Both the pistons and the connecting rods are identified so that they can be reinstalled in their original locations.连杆。活塞必须正确安装。活塞和连杆都能够被识别，以便能够安装在原来的位置。Piston rings. These should be installed on the piston with their gaps staggered and away from the thrust sides of the engine.活塞环。这些应安装在活塞上错列的间隙，离开发动机两侧的推力面。Piston rings and cylinder bores. These should be liberally coated with oil to facilitate installation when using the ring compressor. The oil also provides initial lubrication.活塞环和气缸孔。活塞环和气缸孔应该自由涂上润滑油，使用活塞环压紧器方便安装。润滑油还提供初步的润滑。Cylinder-head bolts. These should be tightened to the specified torque or angle, working to the recommended tightening sequence.气缸盖螺栓。这些应拧紧到指定的扭矩和角度，按照推荐的拧紧顺序操作。Over-tightening or under tightening can lead to thread damage amt cylinder-head or cylinder-bore distortion.过紧或不紧都可能导致螺纹损坏气缸、气缸盖或气缸孔变形。Camshaft. When the camshaft is installed, the timing marks on the gears or sprockets must be correctly aligned for correct valve timing. The timing should be double-checked to make sure that the marks line up exactly as they did prior to dismantling.凸轮轴。当凸轮轴安装时，齿轮或链轮正时标记必须正确，气门正时必须校正。时间必须重复检查，以确保标记与先前拆除的完全一样。Manifolds. The intake