Unit 5 The Tapestry of Friendship Teaching plan综合教程四.doc

UNIT 5 THE TAPESTRY OF FRIENDSHIPTeaching Objectives1) Master the following key words and expressions: cosmic, affecting, notbut, in contrast, border on, count as, confidence, show off, confess, wretched, make a difference. 2) Master the usage of omitting parts in a comparative construction and difference of RATHER and FAIRLY.3) Analyze the structure and rhetorical features of the text and get the message of the text.4) Be able to discuss Friendship orally and writtenly.Warming up discussions1) Do you keep in touch with your childhood friends?2) What do you need friends for?Cultural background1. FriendshipEnglish Quotes about Friendship:- Tell me what company thou keepst, and Ill tell thee what thou art. Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish novelist- My friends are my estate. Emily Dickinson, American Poet- My best friend is the one who brings out the best in me. Henry Ford, American Industrialist- The only reward of virtue is virtue; the only way to have a friend is to be one. Ralph Waldo Emerson, American Essayist- True happiness consists not in the multitude of friends, but in their worth and choice. Samuel Johnston, American Statesman- Friendship makes prosperity more shining and lessens adversity by dividing and sharing it. Cicero, Roman author, orator and politician- Be courteous to all, but intimate with few, and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence. True friendship is a plant of slow growth, and must undergo and withstand the shocks of adversity before it is entitled to the appellation. George Washington, First president of the U.S. - The holy passion of Friendship is of so sweet and steady and loyal and enduring a nature that it will last through a whole lifetime, if not asked to lend money. Mark Twain, American humorist, novelist, short story author Chinese Sayings about Friendship:- 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.- 亲兄弟，明算账。Even reckoning makes long friends.- 物以类聚，人以群分。Birds of a feather flock together.- 君子之交淡如水。A hedge between keeps friendship green.- 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near.- 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎！Isnt it great when friends visit from distant places? 2. Gender Patterns in FriendshipWomens FriendshipFemale friendships are often seen as having elements of intimacy and support. Women typically describe their friendships in terms of closeness and emotional attachment. What characterizes friendships between women is the willingness to share important feelings, thoughts, experiences, and support. Women devote a good deal of time and intensity of involvement to friends. Friendships between women, more so than between men, are broad and less likely to be divided. Mens FriendshipsUnlike women, men are typically socialized by society to be less social and have more difficulty with friendships; they are often raised to compete with other men and not cooperate with them, to hide their vulnerabilities and not share their inner experiences. However, like women, men can benefit from the social bonds of friendship. The great friendships recorded in history have been between men, and friendships among men have often been romanticized and idealized. Mens friendships have typically been described in terms of bravery and physical sacrifice in providing assistance to others. Despite this historical romanticization of the male friendship, researchers have found that men have significantly fewer friends than women, especially close friendships or best friends. Friendship between Men and WomenThere is much debate about the possibilities of male and female friendships. Much of this debate has had to do with the idea that sexual attraction will prevent men and women from forming a strong platonic bond. There can be many challenges to female-male friendships. For instance, in a society where men have typically had more power and dominance, equality can be an issue. Both genders may benefit from these interactions: Men may learn more about sharing and establishing emotional support, while women might enjoy interactions that are less emotionally challenging. Text ITHE TAPESTRY OF FRIENDSHIPEllen GoodmanGlobal ReadingI. General analysis of the textIn the text, the author discusses the differences between a buddy and a friend in a forceful way. The main idea of the text can be summarized in one sentence: a buddy is a fine life companion while a friend is that part the race with which you can be human. II. Structural analysis of the textThis text distinguishes two kinds of friendship: that between men and that between women. It can be divided into four parts. Part I (Paragraphs 1 2): the prelude, where the author reveals what kind of film the woman had just seen. Part II (Paragraphs 3 6): the introduction, where the author advances the double standard of friendship on the basis of the personally observed shift of focus of the cinema lens. Part III (Paragraphs 7 18): the body, where the distinctions of the two types of friendship are detailed. Part IV (Paragraph 19): the conclusion, which summarizes the fundamental difference between male companionship and female friendship.III. Rhetorical features of the textTo show the differences between buddiness and friendship effectively, the author of the text coordinates sentences in various ways. Sometimes he uses conjunctions such as but, yet and while. And sometimes he simply puts two clauses together without using any conjunction at all.For examples: Well, she thought, on the whole, men had buddies, while women had friends. Buddies bonded, but friends loved. Buddies faced adversity together, but friends faced each other. There was something palpably different in the way they spent their time. Buddies seemed to “do” things together; friends simply “were” together. (paragraph 8)Buddies hang tough together; friends hang onto each other. (paragraph 11)Detailed ReadingQuestions1. What kind of movie did the woman see? What did she think of it? (paragraphs 12)Answer: It was a movie that portrayed all aspects of the friendship between two women: its fragility, its resiliency and its connecting function. It was quite an ordinary film, without thrilling scenes like a long-time car chase or a fierce gunfight. The end was of no great significance either. The movie was gentle and moving to the woman, because, as the following paragraphs show, with the other two movies it brought about a new definition of friendship that stood against the traditional view of friendship. 2. What led the woman to think that the cinema has drastically shifted its focus? (paragraph 3)Answer: It was the fact that at present there were many more movies about Female Friendship than movies about Male Buddiness. In contrast, in the past, the friendship between men had dominated the movies, giving a false impression that only men were capable of making friends.3. What was the shift? (paragraph 4)Answer: On the surface, it was a shift from the friendship between men to that between women; but in nature the shift highlighted a different type of friendship: Male Buddiness is subtly distinct from Female Friendship.4. What is the fundamental difference between buddies and friends? (paragraphs 718)Answer: Buddies are mens companions; they are connected by common activities. Friends, in the narrow sense in the text, are womens companions; they are associated by emotional attachment. Without shared activities, there would be no buddies for men; without love there would be no true friends for women.5. What are the conditions of men becoming buddies and of women becoming friends? (paragraphs 718)Answer: Men become buddies only when they have weathered storms in commercial or athletic or military “wars” together, while women have to exchange at least three loathsome secrets before they consider themselves as friends. Text IIMY DAUGHTER, MY FRIENDPatricia LorenzLead-in Questions1) How do you communicate with your parents? Key: chatting; writing; doing things together 2) How would you describe your relationship with your mother/father? Key: intimate; remote; rebellious Main ideaAdditional notes 1. bring out my eyes (Paragraph 15) make my eyes easily visible2. I had to budget our funds (Paragraph 17) I had to make a plan of how to spend our income sparingly.3. . but our tradition had pulled us through again. (Paragraph 29) . but our written communication had helped us survive our tremendous yearnings for each other.Questions for discussion1. Why did the mother and the daughter choose letter-writing as their form of communication?2. Have you ever communicated with your parents by writing? If yes, under what circumstance did it happen?3. What is the advantage of this form of communication?Key to questions for discussion1. Because both the mother and the daughter found it a very effective way to express their feelings to each other. Through note-writing, the daughter told her mother how she felt and what growing pains she had experienced as an adolescent and the mother told her daughter how she felt as a middle-aged woman. We can say that frequent exchange of feelings helped to bring them closer to each other.2. Open-ended. 3. Open-ended.Some hints:(1) It can avoid possible embarrassment in face-to-face communication.(2) It can avoid potential conflicts in face-to-face communication.(3) It is an easier way to express ones feelings than verbal communication.(4) It makes your communication reasonable and orderly, thus mightier than verbal communication.(5) It is an efficient way of communication, thus saving time.Memorable quotesWhat is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies. Aristotle In prosperity our friends know us; in adversity we know our friends. Churton CollinsAbout Aristotle and Churton CollinsAristotle (384322 B.C.), Greek philosopher and scientist whose thought determined the course of Western intellectual history for two millennia. He is a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy, making contribut