英语写作提纲第二版续.doc

Lecture 6 Writing for Practical Purposes6. 1 Notices56 Sample 1Department MeetingWednesday, May 62:30 p.m. English Building, Room 201Sample 2Committee MeetingTues. Oct. 144 p.m.Bldg. No.2, Rm. 102Sample3MovieOscar WinnerSense and Sensibilityin the AuditoriumSaturdayFeb. 1619:00-21:00Admission FreeSample 4FilmThe Sound of Musicin the AuditoriumTuesday October 1418:30-20:30 5Sample 5Football Matchon Field #2English Dept. vs. Russian Dept.Thurs. Apr. 155:00 p.m.Sample 6Contemporary British TheatreSpeaker: Prof. Bernard HollandProfessor of English Literature, Cambridge UniversityAuthor of The Experimental Theatre Date: Monday, 6 OctoberTime: 10 a.m.Place: Rm. 201All Welcome!Sample 7NoticeThose who have signed up for“World History” please come to the Department Office to get their handouts on Monday, Feb. 5 between 2:00 and 4:00 p.m.History Teaching & Research SectionSample 8NoticeThose who have signed up for the Great Wall and the Ming Tombs please meet at the hotel lobby at 7 a.m. tomorrow. It is advisable to take along a windbreaker or light coat as it may be windy out there at the Great Wall.Sample 9Earn Extra MoneyFOR UNDERGRADUATEOR GRADUATE STUDENTSPart-TimePrivate Teacher of English Call Mr. Liu at628913546. 2 GreetingsSample 10To Prof. and Mrs. Post:A Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year!from Liu Shuxin and Yu LiSample 11Dear Prof. and Mrs. Post:It was very pleasant to meet you at the conference at Beijing last October.I wish you both a very happy new year! Liu ShuxinSample 12To Margaret:Happy Birthday! from HongmeiSample 13Dear Margaret,Happy Birthday! I hope well be able to celebrate your next birthday together in Shanghai. Hongmei6. 3 Formal InvitationsSample 14On the occasion of the 30th anniversaryof the founding of Mianyang Teachers CollegeThe President, Mr. Yuan Sijia,would like to invite Prof. and Mrs. Alan Mossto a Reception on Monday, September 5, 2005 from 11:30 to 13:30 at the Guest HouseR. S. V. P.Tel: 2213839(regrets only)Sample 15Mr. and Mrs. Wang Shuochengrequest the pleasure of the company ofMr. and Mrs. Donald Caslinto say farewell to Mr. and Mrs. Frank Johnson and to welcome Dr. and Mrs. Nathan Langfeldat Zijin Hall, Grand Hotel,on Friday, 23rd May at 6:30.R. S. V. P.62213839Sample 16In Celebration of the 50th Anniversaryof the Founding ofthe Peoples Republic of Chinathe Bureau of Foreign Affairscordially invites you toa receptionon Sunday, September 30 at 5:30 p.m.at Beijing Hall of the Guest HouseSample 17Mr. and Mrs. Wang Lixinrequest the pleasure of your companyat a dinner at Purple Gardenon Thursday, 2nd May, 2001 at 6 p.m.6. 4 Notes6.4.1 AppointmentsSample 18May 2Dick, The performance begins at 7:30 p.m. Lets meet at the school gate at 6. Dont be late! NingSample 19May 4Mr. Johnson, Tonights performance begins at 7:30. Could we meet in the hotel lobby at 6? Liu NingSample 20May 7Prof. Brown, Id like to know your comments on the outline of my paper before I begin my first draft. Could you please fix a time (I am free on Monday and Tuesday afternoons as well as Thursday and Friday) and leave a message for me with Ms. Liu in the department office? Thank you! Zhu Ye6.4.2 ApologiesSample 21Nov. 27Annette, Im sorry that I shall not be able to come to the meeting because Im running a fever and have to stay in bed. Xiao ZhangSample 22Wed. Mar. 12Dear Prof. Brown, I would like to express my apologies for not being able to keep our 10 oclock appointment for Mar. 16, for I have some urgent business to deal with out of town and wont be back until Mar. 17. I will ring you up as soon as I come back to arrange for another appointment. Hao Zhiqi6.4.3 Informal InvitationsSample 23July 1Harold, I have got two tickets for the Saturday concert. Lets meet at the bus stop at 1:30 p.m. Li qiangSample 24Apr. 28Dear Prof. Cone,We shall hold a speech contest in Room 205 at 8 p.m. on Friday, May 4. We would be very happy if you could be one of the judges. Students of Class 16.4.4 RequestsSample 25Apr. 11Linda, Please let me know as soon as possible Sallys e-mail address. Thank you. Li zhiSample 26June 24Dear Prof. Hoffman, I am writing my paper on Martin Eden. I would be very grateful if you could lend me your Jack London: Essays in Criticism for a few days. Please leave the book in my mailbox, #218. Many thanks. Zhang Lihua6.4.5 ThanksSample 27May 27Ted, Thank you for the invitation. We look forward to seeing you. Tongli and YashengSample 28Aug. 23Dear Mr. Singer,I would like to thank you for your warm hospitality during my short stay in Leeds. I enjoyed the visit very much. Luo Changde6.4.6 MessagesSample 29Jan. 2George,Here is the ticket for the Beijing opera. Ill pick you up at 6 this evening. Li DeSample 30Sept. 10Mr. Ali,A Mr. Hassan left a parcel for you at the Service Desk. He would like you to give him a call tomorrow morning between 9 and 12. His telephone number is 68754322. Huang6. 5 Letters6.5.1 The Structure of a LetterA letter usually consists of eight parts, namely, Heading, Inside Address, Salutation, Body, Complimentary Close, Signature, Enclosure, and Postscript. The first six are necessary for a formal letter.1. HeadingThe heading includes the full address of the addresser and the date. For example:76 30 Xue Yuan RoadUniversity of Science and Technology, BeijingBeijing 100083, P.R. ChinaJune 28, 2005History DepartmentOld Dominion UniversityNorfolk, VA, 28793USA2. Inside addressThe inside address includes the addressees full name, title and address. For example:Mr. Harvey Taylor 47 River StreetRossville, KS 88757USAProfessor John ArmstrongEducation DepartmentUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnati, OH 56924USA3. SalutationA salutation is an expression of greeting by words at the beginning of a letter such as Dear Sir, Dear Miss Mary, etc. It is usually followed by a comma or a colon. 4. BodyThe body is the main part of a letter. It includes the specific information the addresser wishes to convey.5. Complimentary closeThe complimentary close is a set word or phrase. It should harmonize with the salutation in tone. The first word should be capitalized and a comma appears at the end. Examples: Yours sincerely; Sincerely yours; Yours truly; Truly yours6. SignatureThe signature is the addressers name signed at the end of the letter.7. Enclosure (Encl. / Enc.)If there is something put in with a letter such as invoice, check, etc., indicate this by typing “Encl. /Enc.” on the letter paper. Examples: Encl. Check; Enc. Four invoices.8. Postscript ( PS )The postscript refers to the sentences added to a letter after the signature. If there are some words missing in the body, supply them by typing “PS” on the letter paper. For example:PS Please send me an English dictionary.6.5.2 Business LettersLetters can be divided into two kinds: business letters and personal letters. Business letters are those written to strangers or organizations. They are usually formal. Business letters include letters of inquiries, applications, introductions, references, congratulations, and requests, etc. Here are three examples:A. Scholarship Application LetterRoom 246, Building 37University of Science andTechnology, BeijingBeijing 100083, P.R. ChinaJuly 4, 2005Graduate School of LiteratureIowa UniversityIowa City, IA 98752USADear Sir,I should like to apply for one of the scholarships that your department may be offering to students from other countries.I am now teaching English in USTB. To pursue further studies I wish to enter the Graduate school of Literature of Iowa University to study for a Ph.D in Literature. Would you please send me the necessary application forms and some related information?I am looking forward to your early reply. Sincerely yours(Signature)Liu lingB. Job Application Letter639 Buckaroo landDallas, TX 69734July 15, 2005Dr. James D. PurdyPersonnel DirectorApple MacintoshLansdowne, PA 85936Dear Mr. Purdy:I read in “China Daily” that your company offers a summer documentation internship. Because of my education and previous technical writing employment, I am highly interested in such a position.In July 2006, I will graduate from Harvard University with a B.A. in English. I have prepared specifically for a computer documentation career by taking computer science, mathematics, and technical writing courses. The enclosed curriculum vitae describes my work as the intern technical writer with Conway Communications Inc. for three summers. I learned local area networking by documenting Conways LAN hardware and software. I was responsible for several projects simultaneously and spent much of my time talking with engineers and testing procedures. If you would like samples of my writing, please let me know. Although Conway has invited me to return next summer and to work full time after graduation, I would like more varied experience before committing myself to permanent employment. I know I could make a positive contribution to your company. May I telephone you next week to arrange a meeting? Sincerely, (Signature) Robert L. SmithC. ReferenceHere is a reference of Henri Poincare and Marie Curie to the Federal Institute of Technology at Zurich. 1911To whom it may concern:Herr Einstein is one of the most original minds that we have ever met. In spite of his youth he already occupies a very honorable position among the foremost savants of his time. What we marvel at him, above all, is the ease with which he adjusts himself to new conceptions and draws all possible deductions from them. He does not cling to classical principles, but sees all conceivable possibilities when he is confronted with a physical problem. In his mind this becomes transformed into an anticipation of new phenomena that may some day be verified in actual experience.The future will give more and more proofs of the merits of Herr Einstein, and the University that succeeds in attaching him to itself may be certain that it will derive honor from its connection with the young master. Henri Poincare Marie Curie6.5.3 Addressing of an envelopeThere are three important parts on the envelope. They are the addressers address, the addressees address, and the stamp. The addressers address should be put in the upper left corner, or on the back of the envelope. The addressees name begins half-way down the envelope about 2/3 to the right. The stamp or stamps are affixed in the upper right-hand corner. Here is a sample of an envelope.(stamp)Wang Ping Room 716, Building 29University of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100083P.R. ChinaDr. Robert C. Udall365 B High StreetHacienda Heights, CA 98612USAExercises1. Write a letter applying for a part-time job in response to an advertisement.2. Write a letter applying for a $10,000 scholarship, $2,5000 yearly.6.6 Curriculum Vitae ( CV )A curriculum vitae is also called a resum. In fact, it is a form of persuasion designed to emphasize the applicants qualifications for a job and to get him an interview. Therefore, a curriculum vitae should be organized according to the purpose of the applicant.When writing a resum, an applicant must give information about his name and address, telephone number, date of birth, educational background, job and career objectives, work experience and references. Other headings may be added, such as citizenship/nationality, marital status, present position, professional affiliations, interests, activities, awards, publications, languages, and skills. Here is a sample of a resum.Curriculum VitaeName Wang JingAddress Department of Foreign LanguagesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100081P.R. ChinaTelephone 89754361Date of Birth March 5, 1970Nationality ChineseEducation2001-2005 Beijing Normal UniversityReceived Litt. Ph. D in English Literature in July 20051998-2001 University of Science and Technology, BeijingReceived M.A. in American Literature, in July 20011988-1992 Tianjin Normal UniversityReceived B.A. in English Language and Literature, in July 1992Experience1992-1998 An English teacher in High-Land Middle SchoolAwards Recipient of Excellent Student Scholarship in 2004 “Excellent Student” in 2003“Excellent Teacher” in 1996Activities High school basketball and track teams (3 years)Interests Skiing, sailing, oil painting, and stamp-collectingLanguages English, fluent in spoken / French, able to readPublications “On Self-Reliance”, Journal of University of Science and Technology, Beijing, No.1, 2000, pp. 17-20 “On English Listening”, Journal of Tianjin Normal University, No. 4, 1990, pp. 23-25References Harold Washington, Room 26, Building 12, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 200232, P.R. China, 82769393 Richard Leigh Room 121, Building 18, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100081, P.R. China, 74289653Exercises1. Write a curriculum vitae for an Entry-level Candidate.2. Write a curriculum vitae for a Summer-internship Candidate.6.7 AbstractAn abstract summarizes a scientific article. It draws together and reinforces the main points of the article, thus saving you from going all the way to the journal in order to decide whether to read it or to pass it over.Whether you summarize someone elses article or your own, what you should do is to communicate the essential message accurately and in the fewest words.6.7.1 Elements of an Abstract1. The essential message: controlling ideas; major findings; important names, dates, statistics and measurements; conclusions.2. Independent meaning: Your abstract should be self-contained.3. No judgments: Personal assessment should not be included in the abstract.4. Conciseness: The abstract should be short enough to be economical without harming clarity or grammar.5. Completeness: The abstract should contain every main idea in the article to give the reader a complete idea of what the article of what the article was about.6.7.2 Guidelines for Summarizing a Paper1. Read the article through carefully to get a complete picture before writing.2. Underline essential writing. Focus on the thesis, topic sentence and main points3. Cross out the details; repetitions; needless examples, descriptions and words.4. Translate technical data into plain English.6.7.3 Two SamplesA. Evaluative Criteria for Qualitative Research in Applied Linguistics: Whose Criteria and Whose Research? Abstract: This paper examines various criteria that have been proposed for evaluating the increasing number of empirical studies carried out using qualitative research methods and it demonstrates how such criteria may privilege certain forms of qualitative research while excluding others. A broader disciplinary view is taken by defining qualitative research, and by discussing in more detail the two qualitative traditions that have achieved prominence in applied linguistics, ethnography, and conversation analysis. Then, select existing evaluative criteria for qualitative research proposed by applied linguistics, as well as additional criteria developed outside applied linguistics, are examined. Finally, the issue of criteriology is considered, on which some of the assumptions underlying the existing evaluative criteria are based. To conclude, this article discusses the complex relationship between research method and evaluative criteria and the role of professional journals in establishing and validating such criteria. Anne LazaratonB. Computer-Mediated Negotiated Interaction: An Expanded ModelAbstract: This study examines task-based, synchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) among intermediate-level learners of English. The research specifically explores (a) whether learners engage in negotiated interaction when they encounter new lexical items, (b) whether task type has an effect on the amount of negotiation that transpires, and (c) how this computer-mediated negotiation compares to that noted in the face-to-face literature, fourteen nonnative-nonnative dyads collaboratively completed 4 communicative tasks using Char-Net, a browser-based chat program. Each dyad completed 2 jigsaw and 2 decision-making tasks, which were each “seeded” with 8 target lexical items. The chat-scripts reveal that learners do in fact negotiate for meaning in the CMC environment when no