2015年中考英语语法专题--代词.doc

专题三：代词中考对代词的考查主要为：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，疑问代词，不定代词，一 人称代词： 单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1.主格作主语,宾格作表语或动词或介词的宾语.He teaches _(we) Chinese . / Im waiting for you.(介词的宾语) / Its me.(宾格做表语)2.三种人称代词并列充当主语时时,顺序为: 单数:（二,三,一）（You, she and I ） 复数:（一,二,三）(we , you and they )注：:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)eg： She and I have been to Beijing .（一般情况） Who broke the window ? I and Mike .（承担责任）注：it 还有一些特别的用法。1) 用在句型: “It seems that ”中.“看起来像。.”2）用作形式主语,常用于 “Its +adj +to do sth”句型中.“做什么事情怎么样” . 3) 用在句型: “Its ones turn to do sth”中.“轮到某人做sth”4) 用在句型: “Its time to do sth / for sth”中.“到了该做sth的时候”5) 用在句型: “Its +adj +that 从句”中.6) 用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式. 主语+make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名词)+ to do sth . I find it difficult to remember these wors.二.物主代词：物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称物主代词单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourits/his/hertheir名词性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs1、 形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用. eg: My name is Tom.( 形容词性物主代词)2、名词性物主代词，后面不能加名词,名词性物主代词常与of 连用He is a friend of mine(我的一个朋友) eg：Our classroom is as big as _(they) . / This is a friend of _(my).注: 1) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+ 名词(上题中mine=my friends)2)形容词性物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词. My own house = a house of my own 三. 反身代词：“某某自己；亲自”单数复数第一人称myself ourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves记忆小窍门: 反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f 替.反身代词的常用搭配: enjoy oneself过得愉快 hurt oneself受伤 teach oneself = learn.by oneslf自学 help oneself to 随便吃/用 look after oneself leave sb by oneself 让某人独自留下 dress oneself某人自己穿衣服 improve oneself提高某人自己 四.指示代词单数thisthat复数thesethose 1、指示代词的用法：(1)this /these 指较近的事和人: This is my pen. / These are my books.指下文提到的事eg：Please remember this:No pains,no gains.(2) that /those指较远的事和人: That is her sister. / Those are her sisters.指上面刚提到的事情eg：He was ill.Thats why he didnt go to school.2. 注意 that / those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词. The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _ in Qinghai .The books in that shop are cheaper than _in this shop. A.this B.that C.one D.those 3.在电话用语中,this 代替自己,而that 代替对方. eg：This is Tom speaking . 我是汤姆 Who is that ?你是谁？五、疑问代词：(P93考点五)用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词，通常位于句首，引出特殊疑问句。如：who 作主语，表语，宾语但不能放介词后Who wants to go with me? whom who的宾格形式，作宾语To whom are you talking? whose who的所有格形式，作定语Whose wallet is this? 这是谁的钱包？ what 可询问职业Whats your father? He is a teacher. who 可询问身份和姓名Who is the boy in red? He is Jim. what 指不定数目中的那一个。“什么，哪一些，”无范围What would you like? which “ 哪一个”指在一定范围内特指的人或物Which bike is yours? 哪辆自行车是你的六.不定代词的区别.1.one与it 的区别: One 代替同类事物中的一种. 而it代替上文中出现的某事物. This book is a good one . May I borrow it ?2.some与any 的区别一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句, He asked me for some paper , but I didnt have any .但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时应用some。此类句型常以could, would开头或what about /how about 的句中。 May I have some water ?( 希望得到肯定的回答)3.many与much的区别 Many+可数名词的复数 ；Much+不可数名词，都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词 注:a lot of 常不用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别表否定(几乎没有)表肯定(有一点)修饰可数名词fewa few修饰不可数名词littlea little例题：His story is easy to read，there are _ new words in it . Hurry up ! There is _ time left .5.each / every 的区别each 强调个体，表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.every 强调整体，表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个. There are trees and frowers on _ side of the street . / _ student has read a story .:each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而every 不能与of 连用.只能放在名词前作定语. Each of us _(study )hard .6. no one 与none 的区别 no one 指人，表示没有人, 不能与of 连用， 谓语常用单数。none of +复数名词/ 代词，作主语时，既指人又可指物，谓语常用单数。. The boys were all tired , but _ of them stopped to have a rest . . 更多资料：7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别都都不任何一个两者之间bothneithereither三者或三者以上allnoneanyThere are many trees on _ side of the river . A. both B.any C.either D.all 注意: 1). both 的否定词是neither , all的否定词是none.2).both of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数； neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. Neither of the answers _(be) right . Both of my parents _(be) workers.3).词组 A) both and 连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数. 同义词组:not only but also 反义词组: neither nor Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= _ you _ she like watching TV .B) either or 或者或者 , neithernor 既不也不 连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则.Neither you nor he _ (be ) right .One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _ Lily _Lucy _ going to the park.C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也” He doesnt like the book,either.4) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答. Who 的回答:用no one 回答. ； What 的回答: 用nothing 回答.How many students are there in the classroom ? _.Who can answer the question ? _. A. None B.No one C.Nothing8.other /the other /others /the others 的区别单数复数泛指another三者或三者上的另一个othersother名词复数(别的人或物，但不是全部)特指one.the other一个另一个the othersthe other名词复数(其余所有的人或物)注释: 1) one the other 表示两者之间的一个另一个2) some others 表示一些 另一些3) another 表示三者及三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数. another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词 表示 “ 另外几个”another ten teachers=ten more teachersI have two brothers , one is a teacher , _ is a worker .Some are cleaning the classroom , _ are sweeping the window 9.复合不定代词.someany noeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody 注: 1.复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. eg;Everything is ready. 2.形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else须放在复合不定代词后。：I want to give you something different to eat. / something else（其它的东西）3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后. Would you like something to eat?4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中, 1)指人的不定代词, everybody,nobody,anyone, 其反义疑问句中的主语用he 或they . Everybody is here,arent they?