chapter 4 Collection.ppt

ChapterfourCollection 4 1AnOverviewofCollection4 2DocumentaryCollectionPractice4 3RiskProtectionandFinancingunderCollection 4 1AnOverviewofCollection 4 1 1Definitionofcollection4 1 2Basicpartiestoacollection4 1 3Typesofcollection URC522Art 2collectionsmeansthehandlingbybanks oninstructionsreceived ofdocuments inorderto 1 obtainacceptanceand orpayment 2 delivercommercialdocumentsagainstacceptanceorpayment 3 deliverdocumentsonothertermsandconditions 4 1 1Definitionofcollection 4 1 1DefinitionofcollectionCollectionisanarrangementwherebythesellerdrawsadraftonthebuyer and orshippingdocumentsareforwardedtohisbank authorizingittocollectthemoneyfromthebuyerthroughitscorrespondentbank 4 1 1Definitionofcollection Collectionisstillbasedoncommercialcreditinsteadofbankcreditandthebanksactonlyasacollectoroffundsunderatransactionandprovideachanneltotransferfundsbetweenthebuyerandtheseller 4 1 2PartiestoCollection Therearefourmainpartiestoadocumentarycollectiontransaction Notebelowthateachpartyhasseveralnames Thisisbecausebusinesspeopleandbankseachhavetheirownwayofthinkingaboutandnamingeachpartytothetransaction 4 1 2PartiestoCollection Forexample asfarasbusinesspeopleareconcernedtherearejustbuyersandsellersandthebuyer sbankandtheseller sbank Banks however arenotconcernedwithbuyingandselling Theyareconcernedwithremitting sending documentsfromtheprincipal seller andpresentingdrafts orderstopay tothedrawee buyer forpayment 委托人principal Seller Exporter Drawer collectionapplication托收行remittingbank 寄单行 Principal s Seller s Exporter s Bankcollectioninstruction代收行或提示行TheCollectingorPresenting Buyer s Bank 4 1 2PartiestoCollection 在一笔托收业务中 托收行在托收指示中规定 DOCSTOBERELEASEDONLYAGAINSTACCEPTANCE 以及 PAYMENTONDUEDATEToBEGUARANTEEDBYXXBANK 代收行 TESTEDTLXTOTHISEFFECTREQUIRED 代收行办理承兑交单后 向托收行寄出承兑通知书 明确指出 THEBILLACCEPTEDBYDRAWEE 到期日为某年9月13日 不久 当托收行查询有关承兑情况时 代收行复电再次告知 DOCSHAVEBEENACCEPTEDBYDRAWEETOMATUREONxx0913 在上述承兑通知书及查询答复中 代收行均未表明担保付款 亦未发出承诺担保电传 托收行亦未就此提出任何异议 承兑汇票到期后 进口商拒付货款 代收行即向托收行发出拒付通知 托收行认为托收指示中要求凭代收行到期付款的担保放单 而代收行已将单据放给付款人 因此要求立即付款 代收行反驳道 放单是基于付款人的承兑 代收行根据国际商会第522号出版物没有担保到期付款的责任 虽经多次交涉 此纠纷仍未得到解决 1 本案争论的焦点是代收行未完全执行托收指示的责任问题 托收行认为 根据国际法律一般原则 如代收行做不到托收行所要求的担保付款 应该回复托收行 至于未征求托收行意见便放单给付款人 则是严重违反合同约定的行为 代收行应对此负责 代收行强调 放单系根据URC522第11条承担责任 托收指示规定凭承兑放单 代收行正是在付款人承兑后才放单的 至于托收指示要求代收行担保 同时要求发加押电证实 而事实上代收行并未发出这样的电传 在有关的承兑通知书及函电中也仅仅明确通知托收行付款人已承兑 托收行却未提出任何异议 代收行因此认为自己未承担任何担保责任 根据国际商会第522号出版物关于托收指示的规定 如果代收行不能遵守指示 应当回复托收行 而代收行却未这样做 只是在托收行查询单据下落时才告知仅凭承兑放单 应该说 代收行在这一点上违反了URC522的规定 然而 并不能因此得出代收行应当承担责任的结论 首先 托收行的指示不符合托收业务的基本原则 实际上改变了托收的性质 在托收中 银行作为接受客户委托的中间环节 只是为客户提供必要的服务 并不因此承担额外的风险 作为代收行 其义务无非是在进口商付款或承兑的情况下放单 强行赋予其担保客户付款的义务并不是银行业务中的通行做法 其次 托收行在寄单面函中不仅指示代收行担保到期付款 而且要求代收行以加押电加以证实 尽管代收行并未明确通知托收行拒绝接受该指示 但也未按照托收行的要求以加押电形式告知托收行照此执行 代收行对托收行发出的两项密切相关的指示均未作出反应 而其中的加押电证实一项是不能通过默示方法来完成的 将这两项要求结合起来看 托收行的指示是不能默示接受的 因此 不能仅凭代收行未作答复的事实 就简单认定代收行已接受了托收行关于担保到期付款的指示 4 1 2PartiestoCollection 付款人TheDrawee Buyer Importer 需要时的代理principal srepresentativeincaseofneed 4 1 3Typesofcollection cleancollectionCollectiononfinancialinstrumentsonly sometimesaccompaniedbyinvoice etc Documentsaresentdirectlybytheexportertotheimporter Theexporterisinfactshippingonopen accountterms 4 1 3Typesofcollection DocumentarycollectionCollectiononfinancialdocumentsbeingaccompaniedbycommercialdocumentsorcollectiononcommercialdocumentswithoutfinancialdocuments Onlythedraftdrawnispaidoraccepted willthedocumentsbereleasedtotheimporter 4 1 3Typesofcollection directcollectionAnarrangementwherebythesellerobtainshisbank spre numbereddirectcollectionletter thusenablinghimtosenthisdocumentsdirectlytohisbank scorrespondentbankforcollection 4 2DocumentaryCollectionPractice 4 2 1ProcedureofDocumentaryCollection4 2 2CollectionApplicationFormandOrder4 2 3UniformRulesforCollection4 2 4GeneralNotesandCautions 4 2 1ProcedureofDocumentaryCollection documentsagainstpayment D PD PatsightD Pat daysaftersightdocumentsagainstacceptance D Adocumentsagainstothertermsandconditions Termsofreleasingdocuments thecollectingbankisallowedtoreleasethedocumentstothedraweeonlyagainstfullandimmediatepaymentD Patsightsightdraft payonpresentationfordocuments uponfirstpresentationthebuyersshallpayagainstdocumentarydraftdrawnbythesellersatsight Theshippingdocumentsaretobedeliveredagainstpaymentonly Documentsagainstpayment D Patafixedtimeaftersighttimedraft firstpresentingforacceptance whentheaccepteddraftmatures presentingitforpayment thenreleasingdocumenttobuyer Procedures Documentsagainstpayment Drawer Drawee Remittingbank Collectingbank contract 1 Documents draftandapplication 2 Documents draftandCollectioninstruction 3 Presentingdraft 4 pay accept Presentingforpayment pay 5 releasedocuments 6 payment 7 pay ment YellowletterstandsforD Patafixedtimeaftersight DocumentsagainstacceptanceThecollectingbankisallowedtoreleasethedocumentstothedraweeonlyagainsttheacceptanceofadraft Theexporterextendscredittotheimporter Documentsagainstacceptance Drawer Drawee Remittingbank Collectingbank 1 Documents draftandapplication contract 2 Documents draftandCollectioninstruction 3 Presentingdraft 4 Accept 5 docu ments 6 present ingforpayment 7 payment 8 payment 9 payment URC5227a Collectionshouldnotcontainbillsofexchangepayableatafuturedatewithinstructionthatcommercialdocumentsaretobedeliveredagainstpayment 不应该不允许 URC522第7a规定 托收不应该含有远期付款汇票而同时又指示商业单据需在付款后交给付款人 国际商会ICC不赞成远期付款交单 b Ifacollectioncontainsabillofexchangepayableatafuturedate thecollectioninstructionshouldstatewhetherthecommercialdocumentsaretobereleasedtothedraweeagainstacceptance D A oragainstpayment D P Intheabsenceofsuchstatementcommercialdocumentswillbereleasedonlyagainstpaymentandthecollectingbankwillnotberesponsibleforanyconsequencesarisingoutofanydelayinthedeliveryofdocuments c Ifacollectioncontainsabillofexchangepayableatafuturedateandthecollectioninstructionindicatesthatcommercialdocumentsaretobereleasedagainstpayment documentswillbereleasedonlyagainstsuchpaymentandthecollectingbankwillnotberesponsibleforanyconsequencesarisingoutofanydelayinthedeliveryofdocuments Deliveryofdocumentsagainstpartialpayment Deliveryofdocumentsagainstpartofcollectiontobepaidatsightandthebalancebythewayoftheacceptanceofaseparatedraftpayableatafuturedate Documentsagainstotherterms Documentsagainstotherterms againstletterofundertakingtopayagainsttrustreceiptagainstletterofguarantee 4 2 2CollectionApplicationFormandOrder Content detailsoftheprincipalanddraweealistofdocumentsAmountandcurrencytobecollectedtermsofreleasingdocuments交单条件disposalofproceedsuponcollection票款收妥后代收行汇交托收款的方式 Contentsofcollectionorder storeandinsureclausewhendocumentsarenottakenuponarrivalofgoodsbankandotherchargesaboutprotestintheeventofdishonordesignatingcollectingbank Contentsofcollectionorder Contentscollectioninstruction uponcollection pleasecredittheproceedstoouraccountwithyouunderairmail cableadvicetous collectioninstruction Pleasecollectproceedsandauthorizeusbyairmail cabletodebityouraccountwithus Contentsofcollectionorder pleasecollectandremittheproceedstoxBankforcreditofouraccountwiththemundertheircable airmailadvicetous Contentsofcollectionorder 4 2 3UniformRulesforCollection ofCommercialDocumentsLiabiApplicationofURC522ReleaselitiesandDisclaimersofBanksInterest ChargesandExpensesActionsTakeninDishonorPartialpayment URC522解释和说明 凡在托收指示书中注明按URC522行事的托收业务 本规则对有关当事人均具有约束力 除非事先已征得银行同意 货物不应直接运交银行 也不得以银行或其指定人为收货人 否则此项货物的风险和责任由发货方承担 银行必须确定所收到的单据与托收指示书所列的完全一致 除此之外 银行没有进一步审核单据的义务 URC522解释和说明 托收如被拒绝付款或拒绝承兑 代收行行必须毫不延迟地向发出托收指示书的银行通知 托收银行须在合理时间内对代收银行作出处理有关单据的指示 如在送出拒付通知60天内仍末接到该项指示时 可将单据退回托收银行 而不负任何责任 URC522解释和说明 托收不应含有凭付款交付商业单据指示的远期汇票 托收指示书中明确且完整地注明需要时代理人的权限 对托收费用 利息 部分付款 拒绝证明 托收情况的通知等问题具体的规定 银行免责和不可抗力的规定 1 CollectiondraftPayee drawer principal remittingbank collectingbankEndorsement forcollection paytotheorderofcollectingbank Documentsincollection 2 Billofladingconsignee toorder toorderofshipper Documentsincollection 4 2 4GeneralNotesandCautions Thebanksinvolvedinadocumentarycollectiondonotguaranteepaymentorassumeanycreditrisk astheydoindocumentarycredittransactions Thebanksactmerelyasintermediariestofacilitatepaymentforashipment Goodsaretransported stored andinsuredattheexpenseandriskoftheselleruntilpaymentoracceptanceoccurs Generally banksareundernoobligationtoprotectthegoods Banksarealsonotresponsibleiftheshipmentisseizedbycustomsorconfiscated 充公 tocoveranyaccruedstoragecosts 4 2 4GeneralNotesandCautions InD Ptermsthebuyermayrefusetopay inwhichcasethesellermaintainstitletotheshipment Thesellermaydecidetonegotiatenewtermswiththebuyer locateanotherbuyer orhavethegoodsreturned incurringthecostofshipping insurance andbankfees Ifthegoodsareperishable 容易腐烂的 thesellermaybeinadifficultpositiontofindanewbuyerquickly 4 2 4GeneralNotesandCautions Documentarycollectionshaveoneadditionalsafeguardovertransactionsconductedonanopen accountbasis Theexistenceofthedraftitself whichhasbeendulypresentedandacceptedthroughabankinthebuyer scountry isanacknowledgedevidenceofdebt However thismaynotbeofgreatvalueagainstapurchaserwhoisdeterminednottopay 4 2 4GeneralNotesandCautions Iftheshipper sellersendsgoodsdirectlytothebuyer saddress theshipmentwillbehandedoverwithoutthebuyerfirstmakingpayment Theseller therefore willusuallyaddresstheshipmenttohisagentinthebuyer scountryortothecollectingbankifitisknowntohimandprioragreementhasbeenobtainedtodoso 4 2 4GeneralNotesandCautions InD Atermsthebuyermayrefusetoacceptthedraft inwhichcasethesellerisinthesamepositionasinD Ptermswherethebuyerrefusestopaythedraft Seetheprecedingitemfordetails 4 2 4GeneralNotesandCautions InD Atermsthebuyermayaccept sign thedraft takepossessionofthegoods butthenrefusetopaythedraftatmaturity Inthiscasethesellerhasneitherpaymentnorthegoods Theseller soptionsareeffectivelyreducedtotryingtoenforcethebuyer sobligationtopaythedraftthroughbankingchannelsorlegalaction bothofwhichinvolveadditionalcosts 4 2 4GeneralNotesandCautions Sincethebanksareundernoobligationtoauthenticatedocuments itispossiblethatthesellerwillsendashortshipment theincorrectgoods orinferiorgoods Theonlyrecourseavailabletothebuyeristhroughdirectcontactwiththesellerorlegalaction 4 2 4GeneralNotesandCautions 4 3RiskProtectionandFinancingunderCollection 4 3 1RiskInvolvedRisksforExporterRisksforImporter4 3 2FinancingundertheCollection Non acceptanceorpaymentbytheimporterforasignificantdropinmarketpriceoftheimportedgoodsOperationalrisksoftheimporterExchangerestrictionsRisksrelatingtoinsuranceSpecialcollectionscustomsindifferentcountries Risksinvolvedtoanexporter InvestigatethereputationandfinancialstandingoftheimporterMarkettrendofexportedgoodsinimportingcountryTakeintoaccounttheforeignexchangeregulationsandtheeconomicandpoliticalconditionsintheimportingcountry Protectionagainstrisks PayattentiontothelocalcollectioncustomsorusagesBetterconcludeadealunderCIF Protectionagainstrisks 4 3 2FinancingundertheCollection FinancingProvidedbytheRemittingBanktotheExporter 1 exportbillpurchasingunderdocumentarycollection 2 advance 3 accommodationbill FinancingProvidedbytheCollectingBanktotheImporterImportbilladvanceTrustreceiptDeliveryofgoodsagainstbankguarantee 4 3 2FinancingundertheCollection 托收案例1 用D A记名提单编织的圈套 2003年3月11日 我国甲公司与印度尼西亚乙公司签订一笔2万美元的出口合同 乙公司要求以D Patsight为付款方式 在货物装船起运后 乙公司又要求国内出口商将提单上的托运人和收货人均注明为乙公司 并将海运提单副本寄给他 货到目的港后 乙公司便以暂时货款不够等原因不付款赎单 要求出口商将付款方式改为D A 并允许他提取货物 否则就拒收货物 托收案例1 用D A记名提单编织的圈套 由于提单的收货人已记名为乙公司 使国内出口商无法将货物再转卖给其他客户 只能答应其要求 然后乙公司以货物是自己的为由 以保函和营业执照复印件为依据向船公司凭副本海运提单办理提货手续 货物被提走转卖后 乙公司不但不按期向银行付款 而且再也无法联系 使甲公司货 款两空 托收案例2 上海家纺公司曾多次向美国物源公司售货 同时将物权单证通过上海某银行交与美国 银行按付款交单方式托收 银行在未向物源公司收妥货款的情况下 将单证交给了物源公司 现物源公司宣告破产 家纺公司因此向美国联邦地区法院新墨西哥管区起诉 银行 以挽回损失 托收案例2 美国地区法院首席法官审理认为 银行在未收货款的情况下将物权凭证交给物源公司是一种总体上的疏忽行为 由于这一疏忽 造成了家纺公司的损失 银行的抗辩试图将责任转至家纺公司坏的商业决策上 嗣后 家纺公司与 银行达成和解协议 银行支付了相应款项 托收案例3 1998年12月10日 某市A公司与德国B公司签订了一份出口地毯的合同 合同总价值为USD31346 86 装运港为中国郑州 目的地为德国法兰克福 收货人为B公司 交单条件为D A 1998年12月20日 A公司按照合同的要求备齐货物 从郑州港空运至德国法兰克福 在取得空运提单后