语言学补充习题.doc

Language and Linguistics 1. The important distinction in linguistics proposed by Chomsky is _.A. Synchronic and diachronicB. Langue and paroleC. Signifier and signifiedD. Competence and performance2. According to Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. language3. The term _ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over the various periods of time and at various historical stages. A. synchronic B. diachronicC. comparative D. historical comparative 4. Language is _ in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between a word and the object it refers to. A. systematicB. symbolicC. arbitraryD. ambiguous5. What function are most imperative sentences associated with?A. InformativeB. InterrogativeC. PhaticD. Directive6. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree centigrade.” is _ A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative 6. Everyday we send messages that have never been sent and understand novel messages; in this sense, our language is _.A. productiveB. interchangeable C. genetically transmittedD. rule-governed7. Language can refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by _.A. cultural transmissionB. displacementC. dualityD. productivity8. By duality we mean that language has two sets of structures, one of _ and the other of _.A. surface structure, deep structure B. phonemes, morphemesC. sounds, meaningsD. production, reception9. According to Chomsky, _ is the ideal users internalized knowledge of his language. A. competenceB. paroleC. performanceD. langue10. General linguistics is the scientific study of _.A. language of a certain individualB. the German languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular languagePhonetics and Phonology 11. The study of how sounds are put together are used to convey meaning in communication is _.A. morphologyB. general linguisticsC. phonology D. phonetics12. A(n) _ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features. A. phoneB. soundC. allophoneD. phoneme13. /m, n / are _.A. fricativesB. dentals C. glidesD. nasals 14. /w, j / belong to _.A. fricativesB. dentalsC. glidesD. nasals15. Which of the following vowel is the rounded one?A. /i:/ B. /u:/C. /i/D. /a:/16. The vowel /u:/ in /fu:d/(food) is a _vowel.A. backB. frontC. unrounded D. central MORPHOLOGY 17. _ is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content. A. Word B. MorphemeC. AllomorphD. Root18. _are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes to form a word.A. Free morphemesB. Bound morphemesC. Bound wordsD. Words19. _modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original wordA. PrefixesB. SuffixesC. RootsD. Affixes20. “-s” in the word books is _.A. a derivative affixB. a stemC. an inflectional affixD. a rootNote: root（词根）/ affix（词缀）, 都属于 bound morpheme (粘着词素)1. root(词根): a part of a word; it can never stand by itself although it bears a clear, definite meaning; it must be combined with another root or an affix to form a word.(一个不能再分，再分就会失去其本义的基本形式)词根词素可以分为自由词根词素（free root morpheme, e.g. rain rainy raincoat粘着词根词素(bound root morpheme)e.g. geo(the earth) + ology (a branch of learning) geology, psychology, physiology tele (distant, far) + vision television, telegraphtransmit, permit, submit maintain, contain, detain 2. Affix 词缀1) inflectional（曲折）: 语法关系的标志grammatical relations (number, tense, degree, case) -s, -er, 不改变词性2) derivational(派生):在词干上加上一个词缀得到一个新词，与词性和意义有关3. stem 词干 The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added. It refers to the left morpheme or combination of morphemes when one affix is removed for one time. e.g. care less ness 21. Which of the following words is a derivational one?A. BlackboardB. TeachesC. ConsiderationD. Books22. Which of the following words is created through the process of acronym?A. adB. editC. AIDSD. Bobo23. The word “lab” is formed through _.A. back formationB. blendingC. clippingD. derivation24. Which of the following is NOT a compound word?A. Landlady B. GreenhouseC. Uplift D. Unacceptable20. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as _.A. lexical wordsB. grammatical wordsC. function wordsD. form words21. Open class of words can consist of the following categories EXCEPT _A. nounsB. verbs C. adjectivesD. articles22. Which one of the following most possibly belongs to the closed class? A. Flower B. Treacherous. C. We D. Whack23. Inflectional morphemes manifest the following meanings EXCEPT_ A. tone B. tense C. number D. case 24. Which of the following contains at least an inflectional morpheme?A. Possibility B. Decision C. HersD. Enable 25. _ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. A. Roots B. Stems C. Affixes D. Compounds26. The word “irresistible” is _ A. a compound one B. a clipped one C. a blended one D. a derived one 27. Which of the following affix differs from others? A. ly B. ness C. ing D. ful28. The word “Kung-fu” is _. A. a clipped one B. a blended one C. a compound on e D. a borrowed oneSemantics 25. A word with several meanings is called _ word.A. a polysemousB. a synonymousC. an abnormalD. a multiple26. The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are_.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms27. The relationship between fruit and apple is _.A. homonymy B. hyponymyC. polysemyD. synonymy28. “Alive” and “dead” are _ antonyms.A. relationalB. gradableC. symmetric D. complementary29. “Big” and “small” are a pair of _ opposites.A. complementaryB. gradableC. completeD. converse6. The word “luggage” and “baggage” are _ A. emotive synonyms B. dialectal synonyms C. collocational synonyms D. stylistic 7. The relation between “begin” and “commence” is _ A. dialectal synonyms B. stylistic synonyms C. collocational synonyms D. semantically different synonyms8. “Fall ” and “autumn” are _ synonyms A. dialectal B. stylistic C. collocational D. emotive 9. _ is NOT a pair of homophones. A. rain and reign B. flea and flee C. lead li:d and lead led D. compliment and complement 10. In the semantic triangle, “referent” refers to _ A. concept B. the real world C. the thought D. meaning 11. “Wise” and “cunning” are a pair of _ synonyms. A. dialectal B. stylistic C. collocational D. emotive 12. “Wide” and “broad” are a pair of _ synonyms A. dialectal B. stylistic C. collocational D. emotive 13. Which of the followings can be the same form shared by two homonyms?A. Ball B. Can C. BarkD. North14. “See” and “sea” are _A. homophonesB. homographsC. complete homonymsD. polysenmic words15. What is the sense relation between “learn” and “teach”? A. Relational antonyms B. Complementary antonyms C. Gradable anonyms D. Absolute antonyms 16. What is the sense relation between “pass” and “fail”? A. Relational antonyms B. Complementary antonyms C. Gradable anonyms D. Absolute antonyms 17. : X: They are going to have another baby.Y: They have a child. The relationship of X and Y is _ A. synonymous B. inconsistentC. X entailing YD: X presupposing Y 18. “Tommys hen laid an egg yesterday.” presupposes _A. Tommy had a henB. Tommy had a big henC. An egg was laid by Tommys henD. The egg is not a stone. 19. “He has been to Tokyo” entails “_”.A. He has been to JapanB. Tokyo is the capital of Japan.C. He has never been to Japan. D. He is not a Japanese. Pragmatics 1. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _.A. commissives B. directivesC. expressivesD. declaratives2. _ is defined as the study of language in use and linguistic communication.A. PragmaticsB. SociolinguisticsC. NeurolinguisticsD. Contextual linguistics3. “We can do things with words”- this is the main idea of _.A. the Speech Act TheoryB. the Co-operative PrincipleC. the Polite PrinciplesD. pragmatics4. _ refer to the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.A. Locutionary actB. Illocutionary actC. Perlocutionary actD. Speech act5. The branch of linguistics that studies meaning of language in context is called _.A. semanticsB. sociolinguisticsC. pragmaticsD. psycholinguistics6. Which of the following is NOT the specific instance of directives? A. InvitingB. Advising C. Warning D. Swearing 7. _ acts expresses the intention of the speaker. A. Locutionary B. Illocutionary C. Perlocutionary D. Speech 8. “I didnt steal that ring” is a _. A. directive B. expressive C. commissive D. representatives9. “Im so sad about your wrong doings” is a _ A. declaration B. expressives C. representatives D. commissives10. “Hands up!” is a _. A. directive B. representative C. commissive D. declaration 11. “Ill be with you!” is a _. A. directive B. commissive C. expressive D. representative Sociolinguistics 1. In areas which are populated by people speaking different languages, one language is often used by common agreement; such a language is