新版人教新目标七年级下册英语unit3-unit12各单元知识点详解.doc

Unit 3 How do you get to school?1.howfar多远2.howlong多久3.bysubway乘地铁4.bytrain乘火车5.bytaxi/takeataxi乘出租车6.getto/arriveat,in到达7.gotowork去上班8.10kilometersfrommyhome距离我家10公里远9.befarfrom距离远10.gethome到家11.getthere到那儿12.abouthalfanhour大约半小时13.gotoschoolonfoot走着去上学14.leavehomequiteearly很早离开家15.between-and-在-之间16.cometrue实现17.drivehimtoschool开车送他上学18.takethebus/train乘公共汽车/火车19.gohomebybus坐公共汽车回家20.gettoschool到校21.rideabiketoschool骑自行车上学1. Take(1)Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人某些时间去做某事(2)Ittookthepeoplealotoftimetogettothemountain.人们花了很多时间才到了那座大山。(3)Ittakesmetwentyminutestogettoschoolonfooteverymorning.每天早晨我步行到学校要花费二十分钟。(4)Itwilltakethreehourstofinishthework.完成那项工作需要花费三个小时。2.Depend(1)（常与on,upon连用）视情况而定Thatdepends.视情形而定。Italldependsonhowyoutackletheproblem.那要看你如何应付这问题而定。(2) （常与on连用）信任，信赖；需要;靠Ihaventacar,Ihavetodependonthebuses.我没有汽车，只能靠公共汽车。Childrenmustdependontheirparents.孩子们必须依赖他们的父母(3) dependon依靠；由.而定,取决于；从属于；依赖其维持3.到达：getto=arrivein/at=reach+地点，但是遇到here/there/home时无介词4.hundred 注意：几百几百不用加s,如，sevenhundred5.ride的不同词性：ride作动词，骑（自行车、马等）；作名词，旅行，旅程（不可数） First,herideshisbicycletothebusstation.Thebusrideusuallytakesabout 25minutes.6.mean作名词,means,方法，方式，手段，单复数同形，meansoftransportation,交通方式7.worryabout/beworriesabout8.waitfor.等候，等待.waitat+地点，在.等句型1.交通方式的询问：Howdoyougettoschool?对于交通方式的回答:注意点：并不是所有都用take,也并不是所有都用by.(1)步行特殊的：walk=go.onfoot,(2)Bycar,bybike=drivea/mycar,ridea/mybike(3)By+交通工具无冠词，但rideabike/driveacar/takeabus等必须有冠词a/the.(4)除了介词by+交通工具外，还可以用on/in+交通工具，onabus,inacar,onmybike.2.对于路程多久的提问：Howlongdoesittake?回答：Ittakesme30minutes.(重点句型)重/难点辨析：花费take,spend,pay,cost(1) Ittakessbtime/moneytodosth.（有时态变化,过去式took,）(2) Sbspendtime/moneyonsth/indoingsth.(3) Sbpaymoneyforsth物costsbtime/money.3. 对于路程有多远的提问：Howfarisitfromhishometoschool? 回答：Itsabout10kilometers(away)fromhishometoschool. 重难点辨析：befarfrom,awayfrom,from.to,farfrom, 离远Myschoolisfarfrommyhome. 具体路程+awayfrom,Myschoolis10kilometersawayfrommyhome. Unit 4 Dont eat in class1. Mr /mist / 先生。用于姓前Mrs /misiz/夫人。用于已婚女子丈夫的姓前。 Miss /mis/ 小姐。用于未婚女子的姓前。 Ms /miz/ 女士。用于婚姻状况不明或不想区分婚否的女子的姓前。 sir /s /先生，阁下。一般单独使用，不与人的姓连用。 Madam /m d m/女士，夫人，太太。一般单独使用，不与人的姓连用。2.arrive late for = be late for 做某事迟到 Dont arrive late for school.上课不要迟到。2. else / other 别的，其他的else修饰疑问词或不定代词，位于其后。Other修饰名词，位于其前。 What else do you have to do? 你们还必须做什么事？ I have something else to tell you.我还有别的事情要告诉你。 Where are the other boys? 其他的男孩在哪儿？3. have to / must1) have to“必须，不得不”，表示客观需要，即受客观条件限制不得不或必须去做某事。2) must表示说话人的主观看法。3) must只用于现在时，在表示过去、将来和完成时，用have to 的相应形式来代替must.My mother is ill, I have to look after my sister at home.我妈妈病了，我必须在家照看我妹妹。You must be careful. 你一定要小心。4. practice doing sth 练习做某事5. too much / too many / much tootoo much“太多”，修饰不可数名词。 too much water太多水too many“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。 too many children太多孩子much too“太”，修饰形容词或副词。 much too small太小6.after school放学后 after class 下课后7.on school nights 在上学期间的晚上8.No talking! 禁止谈话！ No+名词或动名词，表示禁止、不要做某事。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No parking!禁止停车！ No swimming! 禁止游泳！ No photos! 禁止拍照 No noise!禁止喧哗！9.I have to be in bed by ten oclock.我必须在10点之前上床睡觉。 1）in bed “睡觉，卧床”in hospital在住院 in the hospital在医院里at table 在吃饭 at the table在桌子边 2）by + 时间：在之前 by Monday 在星期一之前by + 交通工具：乘某种交通工具by the way顺便问（说）一下Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?1. Lets see the pandas first.让我们先去看大熊猫吧。(lets = let us) let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事2. Why do you like pandas? Because theyre very cute. 回答Why?通常用Because3. kind 1)种类 a kind of一种many kinds of多种all kinds of各种各样的2)仁慈的，和蔼的，好意的，友爱的 He is a kind man. He is kind to everyone.他与人为善。Its very kind of you to help me.3)kind of + adj/adv 稍微/有几分(相当于a little) He is kind of /a little shy.4. welcome to +某地：欢迎到某地来Welcome to the zoo.欢迎来到动物园。5. other / else 1) other通常修饰名词，放在名词之前。What other animals do you like? 你还喜欢其他的什么动物？ 2）else通常修饰疑问词(如who, whose, what, when. where 等)及不定代词(如something, anything ,nothing, nobody, anybody等)，放在它们之后。 What else do you want? 你还想要其他什么东西？ I dont want anything else.我不想要别的东西了。 3）other与表示数量的词一起做定语时，other须位于这些词的后面。 some other books一些其他的书/其他的一些书 three other men 另外三个人6. play with和玩7. The boy is twelve (years old).这个男孩12岁。 He is a twelve-years- old boy.他是个12岁的男孩。8. be quiet = keep quiet 保持安静9. during“在期间”during the day在白天（= in the day）10.go to bed上床睡觉 get up 起床11.Isnt he cute? 他不逗人喜爱吗？ 此句为否定式的一般疑问句，用来表示惊讶、怀疑、邀请、赞叹、强调等。这种疑问句的回答不同于汉语的习惯。 -Dont you like animals? 你不喜欢动物吗？ -Yes, I do 不，我喜欢。 -No, I dont.是的。我不喜欢。 1）回答不管是肯定的还是否定的，前后必须保持一致，绝不能出现“Yes, I dont”或“No, I do.”这样错误的形式。 2）回答用Yes还是No，应根据事实情况。12.friendly adj.友好的 1) be friendly to sb.对某人友好 = be kind to sb.(指对别人态度好、热情) 2) be friendly with sb. 和某人关系好/要好（指两者的关系） 他对我很友好。He is friendly/kind to me. 我们班上的同学相互关系都很好。The classmates in our class are friendly with each other.13. every day “每天，天天” We go to school every day. 我们每天都上学。 everyday “日常的” everyday English 日常英语14. Make two more animals in the frames and write about them. 在方框内再画上两只动物并对它们进行描写。 more “又，再” 数词+more+名词 “又有多少，再有多少” Please listen two more times. 请再听两遍。 Some more girls go into the room.又有两个女孩进入了房间。15. more/another “又，再” more 置于数词后，another置于数词前。 We need three men. = We need another three men. 我们还需要3个人。Unit 5 Im watching TV1. 现在进行时（The Present Progressive Tense）1) 现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的的动作。如： The student are listening to the teacher. He is watching TV now. 现在进行时也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 We are working on a farm these days. Im writing a book this month.2) 构成：be(am/is/are) + v-ing。以动词work为例，现在进行时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式和简略答语如下： 肯定式 I am working. You are working. He / She / It is working. We / You / They are working. 否定式I am not working. You are not working. He / She / It is not working. We / You / They are not working. 疑问式和简略答语： Am I working? Are you working? Yes, you are. Yes, I am. No, you are not (arent) No, I am not. Is he / she / it working? Are we working? Yes, he / she / it is. Yes, you are. No, he / she / it is not (isnt). No, you are not (arent) Are you working? Are they working? Yes, we are. Yes, they are. No, we are not (arent) No, they are not (arent).3) 动词-ing形式的构成： 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing. gogoing askasking looklooking 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing. writewriting makemaking taketaking 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加-ing。 getgetting sitsitting putputting runrunning beginbeginning 以ie结尾的重读开音节动词改ie为y，再加-ing。 diedying lielying tie-tying2. What are you doing? Im watching TV. 你在干什么？我在看电视。Whats he doing? Hes doing his homework.他在干什么？他在做家庭作业。Whats she doing? Shes reading. 她在干什么？她在看书。3. Sure“的确，当然”，相当于Certainly，可代替Yes作肯定回答。Do you like pandas? Sure! 你喜欢熊猫吗？ 当然！4. wait for.等候5. talk to“和/对说话”（主要指一方说，另一方听）talk with“和交谈”（指双方交谈） talk about“谈论”6. family“家庭，家人”，是个集合名词。指整体概念即“家庭”时为单数名词，指组成家庭的成员即“家人“时，为复数名词。 1) 他的家庭是个幸福的家庭。His family is a happy family. 2) 他家人在看电视。 His family are watching TV. Unit 7 Its raining1. n. adj. sun阳光 sunny 晴朗的 snow雪 snowy下雪的 rain雨 rainy下雨的 wind风 windy多风的 cloud云 cloudy多云的 fog雾 foggy多雾的 ice冰 icy结冰的2. 询问天气 1）Hows the weather? Its 北京的天气怎么样？多云。 Hows the weather in Beijing? Its cloudy. 2) Whats the weather like？Its Whats the weather like in Beijing? Its cloudy.3. cook 1)v. 做饭 2）n. 厨师 cooker n. 厨具4. Hows it going? 情况如何？ Not bad.不错。 Great.太好了。 Terrible.太糟了。 Pretty good.相当好 Just so so.马马虎虎5. pretty 1) adj. 俊俏；娇小；漂亮 a pretty girl 漂亮的姑娘 2) adv. 相当；很；颇 近义词是very或quiet6. hot炎热的-cold寒冷的 warm温暖的-cool凉爽的7. Thanks for因而感谢 for是介词，后接n / pron / v-ing. (名词/代词、动名词) Thanks for the photo of your family. 谢谢你的全家福照片。 Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。8. on vacation 在度假；在假期中9. take a photo/take photos 拍照10.some, others一些，（另一些） Some are taking photos, others are lying on the beach.一些人在拍照，一些人正躺在沙滩上。11.other, the other, others, the others, another 1)other可作形容词或代词。adj. “别的，其他的” Do you have any other questions? 你还有其他的问题吗？ Ask some other people. 问问别人吧。 2) the other 代词，（两者中的）“另一个” （other为代词） onethe other一个，另一个 He has two sons, one is a doctor, the other is a worker. 他有两个儿子，一个是医生，另一个是工人。 3) others代词，是other的复数形式，泛指“其余的（人或物）” （指其余的部分） someothers一些，（另）一些 There are lots of students on the playground, some are playing basketball, others are dancing. 操场上有许多学生，有些人在打篮球，有些人在跳舞。 Give me some others, please. 给我一些别的东西吧。 4) the others代词，特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”（指其余的全部） There are lots of students on the playground, some are playing basketball, the others are dancing. 操场上有许多学生，有些人在打篮球，其余的都在跳舞。 5) another = an+other，可作形容词或代词，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。 I dont like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这个，请给我看看另一个。12. lie v.平卧；躺 （想在分词lying）13. Look at this group of people playing beach volleyball.看看这群正在玩沙滩排球的人。 playing beach volleyball作people的定语。14. surprised adj. “感到惊讶的” 1) be surprised at + n./ pron./v-ing 对感到惊讶 Were surprised at the news. 听到这个消息，我们非常诧异。 2) be surprised to do sth. Were surprised to hear the news. 听到这个消息，我们非常诧异。 3) be surprised + that从句 Im surprised that he didnt pass the exam我对他没通过考试感到很惊讶。15. in this heat 在这么热的天气里 hot（adj.炎热的）-heat（n.热度）16. scarf 围巾（pl. scarfs或scarves）17. have a good time = enjoy oneself（oneself要随主语的变化而变化） = have fun They are having a good time. = They are enjoying themselves.= They are having fun. 他们正玩得高兴。18. everyone / every one 1) everyone“人人，每人”，仅指人，相当于everybody，一般不能与of连用，作主语为单数。 Everyone is here.大家（人人）都来了。 2) every one“每一个（人或物）”，指人或物，常与of连用，谓语用单数。 Every one of the book is interesting. 每本书都很有趣。 Unit8 Is there a post office near here?1There be 结构（P102） 当主语是几个并列名词时，be与最近的名词在数上保持一致（就近原则）There is a pen and two books on the desk.There are two books and a pen on the desk.there be句型表“某地/某时有某物/人”，指客观存在；have(has)表“某人有某物”，指从属关系。There is a bed in his room.他的房间里有张床。He has a bed in his room. 他有一张床，在他的房间里。2. 问路1)Excuse me, Is there a post office near here?打扰一下，请问这附近有邮局吗？2)Excuse me .Which is the way to the post office?打扰一下，请问那一条是去邮局的路？3)Excuse me .Where is the post office? 打扰一下，邮局在哪？4) Excuse me .Could you tell me how to get to the post office? 打扰一下，你能告诉我怎样到达邮局吗？5) Excuse me .Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? 打扰一下，你能告诉我怎样到达邮局吗？ 6) Excuse me .Could you tell me the way to the post office?打扰一下，你能告诉我去邮局的路吗？ 7) Excuse me .How can I get to the post office? 打扰一下，请问我怎样才能到达邮局？ 3. 指路 1)Its + 介词 + 地点。 它在 Its on Center Street. 2)Go down/along this street. 沿着这条街道走。 3)Walk on and turn left/right.继续往前走，然后向左/右拐。 4)Turn right at the third turning.=Take the third turning on the right.在第三个路口向右拐 5)Its about metres from here.离这儿大约有米。4. 介词短语on 在的上面 in 在的里面 behind在的后面 next to 在/紧靠的旁边 across from 在的对面betweenand 在和之间in the neighborhood 在附近 in the neighborhood of 在的附近 on the left/right 在左/右边 on the left/right of 在的左/右边in the front of 在(内部)的前面 in front of 在（外部）的前面 I stand in front of my father.我站在我父亲前面。 Theres a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室的前面有一块黑板。5. go straight 径直往前走6. 表感谢的用语：Thank you / Thank you very much / Thanks / Thanks a lot / Many thanks.7. 回答感谢的用语：Thats all right / Thats OK. Not at all. Youre welcome.8. clean adj.干净的，清洁的。反义词dirty. A clean park干净的公园 v.打扫把弄干净。 Clean the room打扫房间9. old 老的。反义词young。新的。反义词new.10. welcome 1)adj.受欢迎的 2)n.欢迎 3)v.欢迎 welcome to欢迎到（某个）地方来 welcome sb to 欢迎某人到（某个）地方来11. enjoy v.享受的乐趣，喜爱。 enjoy + n/pron/v-ingenjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 I enjoy playing soccer.enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun 过得开心，玩得愉快 We enjoyed ourselves very much yesterday.=We had a good time yesterday.12. quiet 安静的，平静的 quite 十分，很13. take a walk = have a walk = walk 散步，步行14. through / across / over 通过，穿过 1) through 指从物体的内部穿过 go through the forest/window2) across指从物体的表面通过 walk across the bridge3) over指在空间范围上通过、越过 The birds fly over the city.鸟儿飞过城市。15. with 1)带有，具有 China is a great country with a long history.中国是个历史依据的伟大国家 2)和一起 I go to school with Tom every day. 3)用，表使用某种工具、手段等。Write with a pen 用钢笔写 4)随着，强调同时 With these words, he left the room.说着这些话，他离开了房间。 5)在身边/上 I dont have any money with me.我身上没带钱。16. the beginning of 的开始 at the beginning of在初/的开始 at the beginning of the term在学期开始的时候 at the end of 在的末端/结尾17.a good place to have fun 娱乐的好地方 have fun doing sth 很高兴/愉快地做某事 We had fun playing soccer yesterday.昨天我们踢足球踢得很开心。18. be busy with sth / be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Im busy with my homework = Im busy doing my homework He is busy writing a letter.19. if. “如果”。引导条件状语从句。主句用一般将来时/祈使句/含情态动词的句子时，if引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表将来。 1)Ill go to the park if it doesnt rain.如果明天不下雨的话，我就去公园。 2)Please tell him about it if he comes. 如果他来的话请告诉他这件事。 3)You must see a doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了必须去看医生。20. 到达某地 1)get to +某地 2) reach+某地 3)arrive in+大地点； arrive at + 小地点 I get to Beijing= I reach Beijing= I arrive in Beijing 当某地是副词here, there, home时，get to, arrive at, arrive in中的介词to, at, in须省略。 get there/here/home 到那儿/这儿/家 arrive there/here/home 到那儿/这儿/家21. I know you are arriving next Sunday.我知道你下个星期就会到达。 一些表位置转移的动词常用现在进行时表将来，如go, come, arrive, start, move, fly等。22. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事make sb. do sth. 让/迫使某人做某事watch sb. do sth. 看某人做某事see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事23. take a taxi/bus/car/train乘.24. I hope you have a good trip. 我希望你旅途愉快。25. open 1)v.打开 Please open the door.请开门 2)adj.开着的，营业的。The door is open.门是开着的。The shop is open from 7:00am to 5:00pm.这家商店从上午七点营业到下午五点。 close v. 关闭 closed adj. 关着的，打烊的 Unit 9 What does he look like?1.询问及描述某人的外貌特征 问：What do/does + 主语 + look like? “看上去什么样？”/ “长什么样？” 答：主语 + be + 描述人物外貌特征的形容词。 主语 + have/has + 名词（名词前可有多个形容词修饰）。1）What does your friend look like? 你朋友长什么样？He is short and thin. He has short, black hair.他又矮又瘦，留着短直发。2）What do they look like? 他们长什么样？ Theyre of medium height. 他们中等身高。3）What does he look like? 他长什么样？ He is of medium build, and he has a big nose.他中等身材，大鼻子。2. look like “看起来像” He looks like his father. 他看起来像他的父亲。3. hair 1) 指“头发，毛发”的总称，是不可数名词 He has long hair. 他留着长发。 2）指具体数量的“头发”，是可数名词 There are two hairs on the bed. 床上有两根头发。4. high（adj. 高的）- height（n.高度）5. popular 1) 通俗的 in popular language 用通俗的话 2）流行的 a popular song 流行歌曲 3）受欢迎的 a popular writer 受人欢迎的作家6. a little bit, a little, a bit 1) 修饰形容词或副词时，三者可通用，但a little bit比后两者所表示的程度稍弱一点。 Today is a little bit / a little / a bit cold. 今天有点冷。 2）修饰不可数名词时，a little直接跟不可数名词，a bit需加of再跟不可数名词。 There is a little / a bit of water in the glass. 杯子里有点水。 3）a little 和a bit在否定句中意思恰恰相反。not a little相当于very “很，非常”，not a bit相当于not.at all“一点也不”。 He is not a little hungry. = He is very hungry. 他很饿。 He is not a bit hungry. = He isnt hungry at all. 他一点也不饿。7. tell a joke / jokes说笑话 tell a story / stories讲故事 tell a lie / lies撒谎8. She never stops talking. 她总是讲个不停。 stop to do sth. “停下来去做某事”。指停止原来做的事情，去做另一件事情。 stop doing sth. “停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事情，即不做某事了。 1）He stops to do his homework. 他停下来开始做家庭作业。 He stops doing his homework. 他停止做家庭作业。 2）Class begins, please stop talking. 上课了，请不要说话。 3）We are all tired, stop to have a rest. 我们都累了，停下来休息一会儿吧。9. like 喜欢 1）like sb. / sth.喜欢某人/某物 2) like to do sth.喜欢/想要做某事（表一次性或特指的某一具体的动作） 3) like doing sth喜欢做某事（表习惯性的动作或爱好） 我喜欢每天打篮球。I like playing basketball every day. 今天很冷，我喜欢呆在家里。Today is cold. I like to stay at home.10. people, person, man 1) people:泛指“人，人们”，谓语动词用复数形式。There are many people there. 那儿有许多人。the people 常用来指“人民”。 We study hard for the people. 我们为人民而努力学习。指“民族”是可数名词。 Therere 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。 2) person“人；人物”，无性别之分，可指男人，也可指女人。常用于指数目不大，而且数目比较精确的“人”。 Everyone likes the honest person. 每个人都喜欢诚实的人。 There are only three persons in the room. 房间里只有三个人。 3）man: 指“男人”（复数形式为men），也可指“人类”。 He is a man of few words. 他是个少言寡语的人。 Man has languages. 人类有语言。11. glass 1) “眼镜”，常用复数glasses. a pair of glasses一副眼镜 2）“玻璃”，不可数名词。 3）“玻璃杯”，可数名词。 These glasses are made of glass. 这些玻璃杯是玻璃制成的。12.beard （络腮）胡须，可数名词。 The old man has a beard. 这位老人满脸胡须。13. remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事 （事情已做） remember/forget to do sth. 记得/忘记要去做某事 （事情还没做） 1）Dont forget to turn off th