中考专项：形容词和副词.doc

形容词的构成和基本用法一构成:1.本身就是形容词: big thin fat hot wet fit red 等 2.加后缀构成形容词:名词构成方法 形容词 例词表天气+ycloudy rainy windy snowy sunny foggy ( lucky noisy healthy )表方位 +erneastern ,western ,southern, northern +ful careful , useful , hopeful , helpfulsuccessful , beautiful , colourful ,wonderful, cheerful , forgetful , thankful, harmful,表否定 +lesscareless, useless, hopeless,helpless, homeless, endless harmless, sleepless +enwooden , woolen +lyfriendly , lovely , lively , lonely ,daily表大洲国家 +n Asian European American Australian Canadian+ablecomfortable knowledgeable reasonable (合理的) enjoyable +alpersonal, national ,natural ,medical+ed+inginterested excited surprised interesting exciting surprising二:用来修饰名词或代词，用以说明人或事物的特征1) 作定语: adj+名词，不定代词+adjFrench is a difficult language .There is nothing interesting in todays newspaper .2) 作表语：放在系动词 (be, become, get, turn, keep, seem, look, sound, taste, smell, feel)后.只能作表语的形容词有：ill ,asleep , awake , alone ,alike , afraid , sure ,well(身体好) Im feeling well . Dont make so much noise . The boy is asleep . He has been ill for several days .3) 作宾语补足语 make us happy ；keep our classroom clean ；find it hard ；think it easy4) else 只能作后置定语,放在疑问代词 who, what ,whom 和不定代词nothing，nobody之后 What else do you want ? There is nothing else in that classroom . 副词的构成和用法一副词的构成：(一)在形容词末尾+ly,变为副词1. 在形容词末尾直接加ly: sadly ,slowly ,badly ,carefully ，really ，quicklyloudly ，widely ，quietly， safely， politely， strongly ,successfully 2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i+ly happy happily ; healthy healthily; easy easily, angry angrily ; luckyluckily ; heavy heavily3.特殊记忆：true truly ;terribleterribly; possible possibly; good well(二)有些形容词与副词形式相同： early late high far fast hard pretty二副词的基本用法：1.副词修饰形容词或副词表程度( so ,very ,too ,really , enough , quite , rather , pretty ,)Its really nice of you to help me Hes terrible ill today。Its rained so heavily that we could hardly go out. He is old enough to go to school.2.副词修饰谓语动词， It rained heavily yesterday. She sings well.表否定的副词有hardly never no seldom 在反意疑问句中的作用。( )The boys can hardly swim,_?A. can they B. cant they C. do they D. dont they不定副词somewhere（谋地）anywhere（任何地方） everywhere（到处，处处）nowhere（没有地方的用法somewhere 用于肯定句 anywhere用于否定句、疑问句 everywhere 为有特殊要求 nowhere本身表否定。3.形容词修饰不定福词时，必须把形容词放在不定副词后。形容词和副词易混词辨析 一、-ed结尾的形容词：主语感到 -ing结尾的形容词：形容事物本身所具有的性质。 interested excited surprised bored relaxedinteresting exciting surprising boring relaxing例：Im surprised at the surprising news. The book is interesting. Most of the students are interested in it.二、good：adj.好的well：adj.身体好 adv.好teach/sing/sleep/sell well例：This kind of shirt looks good and sells well.Tom didnt sleep well because he didnt feel well last night.三、alone：客观上独自一人。lonely：主观上感到孤独，译为“寂寞的，孤独的” 荒凉的，孤僻的 例：The old man lives alone, but he never feels lonely.Im afraid of walking on a lonely road alone.四、hard：adj.硬的（反义词soft）例：Stones feel hard.adj.困难的(=difficult)例：I find it hard to learn math well.adv.努力地例：He works hard every day in order to achieve his dream.adv.猛烈地例：It rained so hard(=heavily) that people could hardly go out.*hardly：adv.几乎不例：Tom hardly had time for concerts at that time, did he?五、so：So+助动词/情态动词+主语，译为：也一样。 So+主语+助动词/情态动词，译为：的确如此。例：Tom enjoys listening to music.So he does,and so does his sister.so+adj./adv.（+ that）例：The old man was so tired that he couldnt walk on.so+many/much/little/few+n.例：There are so many people in the park.such+a/an+adj+n.单 such+adj.+n.pl/Un.例：I have never seen such an exciting match before.It is such bad weather that I have to stay at home.六、too much+Un too many+n.pl much too+adj.例：Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of too much rich food.Mother asked me not to watch TV too much.much too tired too many people七、too：肯定句句尾；either：否定句句尾 also：肯定句句中，be 动词或助动词后，行为动词前。第一组：Exercises:( )1.The lake looks _in the moonlight . I often take a walk around it .A . wonderfully B. famous C. beautiful D. well( )2. What are you going to give your brother for her birthday ? Im not sure .But Ill buy him _.A. something special B . anything specialC. special something D .nothing special ( )3.She told us a story .Her voice sounded _.A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly ( )4.Tom is such a _boy that he doesnt make any mistakes in his homework . A. careful B. careless C. carefully D. carelessly ( ) 5. We find it _ to learn English in the wrong way . A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly ( ) 6.Her words made his father _. A.happy B. happily C. more happy D. more happily7.Traveling is so _that most people are _in it . While traveling you can see lots of _ (interest) .8.Dalian is a _ (north) city .Its very beautiful .We have been there three times . 9.What a _(sun ) day it is today !10.His mother is _(friend) to his classmates.11.Bill Gates gave away lots of money to _ (medicine) research .12.If you know a lot ,we can say you are k_.13.She is a f_ girl. She often left her homework in his home .达标测评1.There are over 194 _ (国家) in the world 。 2. The little boy _（咳嗽）day and night yesterday. 3.The weather here in summer is much c_ than that of Beijing . ( )4.American students spend _ time _ homework than Chinese students. A.fewer,doingB.less,to doC.less,doing D. least, doing5. else , to , who , go , wants , climbing , the , mountain ? _?第二组：( )1.Bob never does his homework _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.A. so careful as B. as carefully as C, carefully as D. as careful as( )2.（2005年）Write _and try not to make any mistakes. A. as careful as possible B. as carefully as you can C. most careful D. more careful ( )3.If you want to keep _,try to eat _.A .healthy, healthily B. health , healthyC. healthy , healthilyD. healthily , health( )4.He is a _boy . He always speaks _to others.A. polite .polite B. politely ,politely C. polite, politely . D. politely . polite ( )5.（2010荆州中考） Do you think yesterdays math problem was difficult? Yes. I could _ work it out. A hardly B easily C. finally D nearly-( )6.（2010晋江中考） -Dont worry. My mother will look after your baby _ _.-Thanks a lot.A. careful enough B. enough careful C. carefully enough( )7.(2010 .河北中考) The Internet is very useful for us. We can _find information.A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly( )8.(2010.盐城中考)They clapped and shouted_ when they saw Yao Ming appear on the playground.A. hardly B. quietly C. excitedly D. angrily( )9.(2010.衢州中考) As we all know, smoking is bad for us ,_ for children. A. especially B. recently C. probably D. Nearly ( )10.He wasnt _ with the knife. He cut himself.A. careful enough B. enough carefulC. carefully enough D. enough carefully 达标测评( )1. （2010陕西中考）Sometimes it rains _in Xian in summer. A. heavy B. heavily C. strong D. strongly( )2. （2010定西中考）He doesnt play the violin so_ as his father.A. good B. better C. well 3.（2000年）I think John can finish the work _ (容易地).4.（2003年）Mobile phones are _(广泛地)used in most of the cities in China.5.teachers to encourage our us study often hard(连词成句)_.第三组：( )1、He was _ tired _ he couldnt go on working.A. too, toB. such, thatC. so, thatD. too, that ( )2. Each student works so _ that he or she can go to a university . A. difficulty B. hardly C. politely D. hard( )3、After the earthquake， we heard a lot of _ stories ，and all of us were deeply _. A. moving; moved B. moving ; movingC. moved ; moving D. moved ; moved( )3. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _heavy to carry all the wa