2015级阅读理解考前指导.doc

2015年高考英语阅读理解研讨A Guide to English Reading Comprehension 重庆市长寿中学校 杨介民 Task one-Lets get to know English reading The purpose of reading 阅读的目的1. 无意识的阅读-Relaxing readingRead for pleasure; read to kill your time2. 有意识的阅读-Purposeful readingRead for specific information; read to understand the writers thoughts; read to solve the problems Read at different levels 阅读的层次1. Read at word level-词汇层次2. Read at sentence level-句子层次3. Read at discourse level-语篇层次 Comprehension levels 阅读理解的层次1. 表层理解（literal comprehension ）只是懂得文章字面的意思2. 深层理解（inferential comprehension）则要求读者能清楚地理解作 者的言外之意3. 评价性理解（critical comprehension）则需要读者对作者所表达的内容说出自己的看法。 高考阅读能力要求及1. 理解主旨要义；2. 理解文中具体信息；3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语含义；4. 做出判断和推理；5. 理解文章的基本结构；6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。Task two-Lets get to know English reading skills 阅读的策略技能1. Skimming(略读)-read quickly in order to get the general idea of a passage（理解主旨要义）-When you skim, it is necessary to read only selected sentences in order to get the main idea. Dont read every word.-Once you get the general idea about an article, you may decide to read the entire selection carefully, or only to scan for specific pieces of informationl 微情景练习：One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap(包装). On September 11th. 1958. Mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from hospital, she put him in my lap, saying. I promised you a gift, and here it is.” What an honor! I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. I sang to it. I told it stories. 1 told it over and over how much I loved it!One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as hopeless, pitiful, and dying, which sounded ominous.Christmas was coming. Dont expect any presents this year. Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. If your baby brother lives, thatll be Christmas enough. As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. Id never seen him cry before.The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped out of bed to answer it. From my bedroom I heard him say. What? Hes all right? He hung up and shouted upstairs. The hospital said we can bring Richard home! Thank God. I heard Mum cry.From the upstairs window, I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them so happy. And I was also full of joy. What a wonderful day! My baby doll would be home. I ran downstairs. My socks still hung there flat. But I knew they were not empty; they were filled with love!59. What is the passage mainly about?A. A sad Christmas day B. Life with a lovely baby C. A special Christmas gift. D. Memories of a happy family2. Scanning (寻读/查读)-read quickly in order to locate specific information（理解文中具体信息）-Decide exactly what information you are looking for, and think about the form it may take-Decide where you need to look to find the information you want-Move your eyes as quickly as possible down the page-When you find what you need, dont read furtherl 微情景练习：The morning had been a disaster. My tooth was aching, and Id been in an argument with a friend. Her words still hurt: “The trouble with you is that you wont put yourself in my place. Cant you see things from my point of view?” I shook my head stubbornly and felt the ache in my tooth. Id thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable. I started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately. Finally, at about lunchtime, I got lucky. “If you come by right now,” the receptionist said, “the dentist will fit you in.” I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car. But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist. What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice? Why wasnt he as busy as the others?In the dentists office, I sat down and looked around. I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried. The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one. When I told her my fears, she laughed and said, “Dont worry. The dentist is very good.” “How long do I have to wait for him?” I asked impatiently. “Come on, he is coming. Just lie down and relax. And enjoy the artwork,” the assistant said. “The artwork?” I was puzzled. The chair went back, suddenly I smiled. There was a beautiful picture, right where I could enjoy it: on the ceiling. How considerate the dentist was！At that moment, I began to understand what my friend meant by her words. What a relief！58. Why did the author suddenly smile?A. Because the dentist came at last. B. Because she saw a picture on the ceiling.C. Because she could relax in the chair. D .Because the assistant kept comforting her.3. Careful reading(细读)- read very slowly, maybe word by word, in order to understand the passage fully.-Careful reading is often done when you are asked to recite or retell the passage.-Careful reading is often done when you want to study grammatical items or the language points.-Careful reading can be done when you are ready to solve the specific problems.-Reading the whole passage carefully is not a good way for you to do reading comprehension in an exam.l 微情景练习：Top lists are lecturing people on everything from “100 places to visit” to 100 books to read . Arent you just tired of being told what to do with your time? Now you have a list to end all lists! Take a look at the following two examples from the list of 101 things not to do:Swim with Dolphins（海豚）？ Swimming with dolphins is one of the worlds most profitable tourist activities. However, not every dolphin will welcome having their busy, tiring day interrupted by tourists screaming pushing around them in the water. Worse yet, when dolphins get too near to the boats loaded with tourists, they could get caught up in ropes and killed by propellers(螺旋桨). Heres a little secret. Dolphins look like smiling at you, but actually theyre just opening mouths.Go to See the Mona Lisa? There must be something about the mysterious(神秘的)smile. The 6 million people who visit the lady in the Louvre every year cant all be wrong, after all. But they can be quite annoying, standing in front of you, holding up their cameras to prevent you from seeing anything. In fact, it is hard for you to see the painting clearly because you have to stay away from it for security reasons. After queuing for hours, many tourists can remain in front of the painting only for 15 seconds at most. If the mysterious lady in the picture knew her fate, she wouldnt just be smiling, shed be laughing. So, still long to see the Mona Lisa? If you want to find out more about the list, read 101 Tings NOT to Do Before You Die. Visit www.not2dobeforeidie.co.uk and buy the book at a 20 discount.60. According to the passage, swimming with dolphins _. A. is the worlds most popular tourist activity B. gives fun to both tourists and dolphins C. will make tourists busy and tired D. can cause danger to dolphins4. Word guessing skill ( 猜词)-Guessing words from context clues(the sentence and paragraph in which a word occurs)-use your knowledge of grammar-use your understanding the authors idea-definition (定义)-example (举例)-restatement (重述)-synonym (同义词)-antonym (反义词) -common sense (常识)- formation（构词法）l 微情景练习：There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers, he used two buckets .One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best.Every morning, the gardener would fill up the two buckets. Then he would carry them along the path, one on each side, to the flowerbeds. The new bucket was very proud of itself. It could carry a full bucket of water without a single drop spilled (溢出). The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes: before it reached the flowerbeds, much water had leaked along the path.Sometimes the new bucket would say,“ See how capable I am ! How good it is that the gardener has me to water the flowers every day! I dont know why he still bothers with you. What a waste of apace you are!”And all that the old bucket could say was. “ I know I am not very useful, but I can only do my best .I am happy that the gardener still finds a little bit of use in me ,at least .”One day, the gardener heard that kind or conversation .After was ring the flowers as usual .he said,”You both have done your work very well .Now I am going to carry you back .I want you to look carefully along the path.” Then the two buckets did so. All along the path, they noticed, on the side where the new bucket was carried, there was just bare（光秃秃的）earth; On the other side where the old bucket was carried, there was a joyous row of wild flowers, leading all the way to the garden.56. What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean? A. Dirty B. Dark C. Worn-out D. Plain-looking.5. How to understand long and difficult sentences长难句理解-Try to determine what makes the sentence difficult-Learn to recognize the important grammatical and punctuation clues that can change the meaning of a sentence-A technique which can be useful in comprehension of long and difficult sentences quickly is that of finding the subjects and verbs in the sentence quickly. These words are the most important elements of the sentence, the “key” which unlock the main ideas for you. 以短代长 化难为易 化繁为简 结构还原l 微情景练习：In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”, John Keynes, a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have, and relative needs, which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的), this is not true of absolute needs.Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands.Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at over $120, 000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price. By placing the desire to be superior to other at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits.72. According to the passage, John Keynes believed that_.A. desire is the root of both absolute and relative needsB. absolute needs come from our sense of superiorityC. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demandsD. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs6. Reading between the lines/drawing inference (读懂言外之意/做出推断)To read between the lines is to read not to concentrate on the meaning of the words expressed on the surface but to focus on the meaning that is implied (not directly stated in the sentence or text).l 微情景练习：There is no better way to enjoy Scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little bit of whisky(威士忌) at a quiet place like the Inverlochy Castle. When Queen Victoria visited the castle in 1873 she wrote in her diary, “I never saw a lovelier spot,” And she didnt even go fishing. Scotland is not easily defined. In certain moments, this quiet land of lakes and grasses and mountains changes before your very eyes. When evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange light, the rivers, teeming with fish, can turn into streams of gold. As you settle down with just a people and a basket on the bank of River Orchy, near the Inverlochy castle, any frustration(烦恼) will float away as gently as the circling water. Its just you and purple, pink, white flowers, a perfect harmony. If you are a new comer to fishing, learning the basics form fishing guide may leave you with a lifetimes fun. For many, fishing is more than a sport; it is an art.Scotland offers interesting place where you can rest after a long days fishing. Set against a wild mountain and hidden behind woodland, the beautiful Inverlochy Castle Hotel below the Nevis is a perfect place to see the beauty of Scotlands mountains. Ben Nevis is the highest of mountains, and reaching its 1343-metre top is a challenge. But its not just what goes up that matters; what comes down is unique. More than 900 meters high, on the mountains north face, lies an all-important source of pure water. Its name comes form the Gaelic language “usquebaugh” or “water of life”; and it is the single most important ingredient(原料) in Scotlands best known drink: whisky.64. The story of Queen Victoria is to show that _.A. the queen is rich in tour experience B. the Castle is a good place to go in ScotlandC. tasting whisky is better than going fishing D.1873 is a special year for the queen67. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce Scottish traditions to tourists. B. To show the attractions of Scotland to readers.C. To explore geographical characteristics of Scotland.D. To describe the pleasures of life in Scotland.7. Prediction(预读)Reading is an active process. Meaning doesnt exist only on the page or in the mind of the reader. It is created by an active interaction between the reader and the text. Good readers develop predictions about what they will read next, and they read to see their expectations will be confirmed or not. If not, good readers reread and create new predictions.微情景练习：We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing(数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.However 1. Which of the following statements will best continue the third paragraph? A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Many people like computers very much. C. Computers are as clever as man. D. I do not think computers will replace us completely8. Paragraph reading skills-理解文章基本结构-Finding the main idea-Restatement and inference-Reading for full understandingTopic sentence-Understanding the different functions of the sentences-Finding the topic sentence (containing the main idea of the paragraph)Location of a topic sentence - In the beginning - In the middle - At the end微情景练习：I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder. The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From h