常见时态的用法.doc

常见时态的用法一、一般现在时：1.表示习惯性或经常性的动作或状态，常与usually, often, sometimes,确always, seldom, every day (year, morning)等表示频率的时间状语连用。He often does his homework in his study. I usually get up at six in the morning.2. 表示客观规律、正确事实或科学真理等。Knowledge comes only from practice. Columbus proved that the earth is round.3. 在连词when, while, before, after, until, till, once, if, unless, as soon as, as long as, by the time, in case, even if, the moment/ minute/instant, the day/ year, immediately 等引导的时间（条件、让步）状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来。When Bill comes (will come), ask him to wait for me. Well go out for a walk as soon as the rain stops.Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will take place.4. come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等动词可以用来表示按照计划、安排将要发生、且不轻易改变的动作（有特定的时间状语）。.The flight takes off at ten oclock.School begins on September 1st. Could you tell me when he _ back? -When he _ back, Ill let you know.A. comes; comes B. will come; comes C. will come; will come D. comes; will come5试比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范动作；第二句now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作。二、一般过去时：1）表示在确定的过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, in 1998, two years ago, last month, the day before yesterday, the other day, when从句等连用.The Red Army came into being in 1927.A robber broke into the bank and robbed the bank of a lot of money last night.一般过去时还可表示过去发生的一连串动作。The monkey jumped off the tree, picked up a big stone and threw it at us. 2）用于以下固定句型中：It is (high/ about) time that sb. did sth. 早该做.Would/ had rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人去做3）wish, wonder, think, hope, know等用过去时，表示的动作都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Oh, its you. I didnt know you were here too.三、一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与soon, tomorrow ( morning), next week (year), some day, from now on, the day after tomorrow, in the future等表将来的时间状语连用。有几种构成方式：1. Be going to + 动词原形 表示计划、决心，说话前已打算要做的事情。说话人根据已有的迹象或经验判断认为将要发生的事情。Im going to buy a new car if I have a lot of money.Look! Dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain.2. shall/will +动词原形 单纯表将来 表说话时才想到的意愿或决心。Eg: Jack is ill in hospital.- Oh really? I _. I_ to see him.A. didnt know; will go B. dont know; am going C. havent known; will go D. didnt know; am going 3. be + to do 按照计划、安排将要做的事情。（上级对下级、父母对子女）下达命令，意思是“应该” 表命中注定将要发生的事情。We are to discuss the report next Saturday. You are to finish the work before five this afternoon.The little boy is to become a VIP.4. be about to +动词原形或be on the point of doing 表示即将或正要去做. 不与tomorrow, next week等具体的时间状语连用，但可和when从句连用。I am about to do (=am on the point of doing) my homework.5. be + doing 表示按计划安排即将发生的动作，常用于come, go, start, set out, leave, reach, return, move, take off, arrive等Are you staying here till next week?四、过去将来时：would do; was / were going to do; (was /were to do; was /were about to do; was /were doing; was / were on the point of doing) 一般不能单独使用，常用在宾语从句和间接引语之中，表示从过去的角度看，将要发生的行为或存在的状态。 They said that they would call on me sooner or later. Tom asked me if I was going to call on my English teacher. I was on the point of phoning you when your phone arrived.五、现在进行时：be (am , is , are) + doing 表示现在(说话时刻)正在进行或发生的动作；Look! The monkey is climbing the banana tree.也可表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，说话时未必动作正在进行; What are you doing these days? Mr. Green is writing another novel.一些位移动词可用现在进行时表将来。 He is coming to see you next week. 进行时与某些副词（always, constantly, continually, forever）连用，可表赞叹或厌恶等情感。You are always thinking of others. He is constantly changing his mind.六、过去进行时：was /were doing 表示过去某个时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作，这一特定的过去时间，除了上下文暗示以外，一般和时间状语连用。常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last night, at this time yesterday, when, while等。 What were you doing at this time yesterday? I was reading a newspaper when he knocked at the door. You look unhappy. Whats the matter with you?- Nothing much. I was missing my parents.Eg: I dont think Tom saw us; he _ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared 七、现在完成时 have / has + done 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成影响或结果 表示动作或状态过去已经开始，一直持续到现在。常用的时间状语有：already, never, ever, just, before, lately, yet, recently, so far, up to the present, up till now, in the past/ last few years, since，“for+段时间”等. Have you had your supper yet? - Yes, I have just had it. (吃过了饭，所以现在不饿) I have lived here in Yiyang since I was born. (动作持续到现在) has been to 去过（已经回来）My sister has been to the USA once (but she is back now). has gone to 去了（已去未归） My sister has gone to the USA (and she isnt here now).当先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰时，定语从句中一般用现在完成时。This is the most interesting story I have ever read. This is the third time I have been here.句中如果有过去的时间副词（如：yeaterday, last week, in 1990），要用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. ()Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. ()现在完成时中，终止性动词不能与for, since等延续性状语连用，必须改为相应的延续性动词。Die-be dead join-be in fall ill-be ill finish-be over leave/go-be away begin-be on become-be buy-get/have marry-be married (to) borrow-keep arrive/reach/get to-be in/at/ stay eg: He has joined the Party for 5 years. () He has been a Party member for 5 years. ()He has been in the Party for 5 years. ()八、现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 表示动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，甚至将来；也可能动作刚结束。He has been lying in bed for two weeks. (现在还躺着) Where have you been? I have been looking for you everywhere. (动作刚结束，已不在寻找)某些动词如：work, live, study, teach等用于现在完成进行时和现在完成时意义区别不大。I have been working / worked here for 5 years.九、过去完成时had done 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态, 这个时间可用短语或从句来表示，也可由上下文来暗示He had studied here for 3 years before he went to Europe. 一些表希望、打算的词，如：hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend等，常用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望打算。 I had expected to come and help you last night, but I was too busy.过去完成时还可用于虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的一种假设 I wish I had worked harder in those days! If you had come 5 minutes earlier, you would have caught the first bus.用于固定句型Hardly/ Scarcelywhen; No soonerthan中, 表“一就” Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain hard. (= I had hardly arrived home when.) No sooner had he got better than he fell ill again. (= He had no sooner got better than )几种常用时态之间的比较1. He lives in Beijing. 他住在北京。（长期性，永久性）He is living in Beijing. 他现住北京。（临时性，短暂性）2. Alice wrote a letter to her friend last night. （写了一封信，过去式表动作已完成）Alice was writing a letter to her friend last night. （只强调当时在写，不强调是否写完）3He has lived here for five years. （现完表示动作延续到现在，即现在还住这儿。）He lived here for five years.（曾经在这住过五年，过去式表动作已完成，即现已不住这。）4. We have discussed the problem with him. （已经和他讨论过了。强调对现在的影响） We have been discussing the problem with him all the morning. （一直在讨论，说话时动作可能还在延续。） 1. Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? （全国I卷）Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society.A. has joined B. joinsC. had joined D. joined2. The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front _ to arrive. （全国I卷）A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expects D. will be expected3. -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?-Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match. （安徽卷） A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played4. I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio. （安徽卷） A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught5. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. （福建卷） A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen6. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ on the phone all the time! （湖南卷）A. was talking B. has been talking C. has talked D. talked 7. Do you have any problems if you _ this job? （湖南卷） Well, Im thinking about the salary. A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered8. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. （江苏卷）I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparingC. had been preparing D. has been preparing9. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. （山东）A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked10. - Do you think we should accept that offer? - Yes, we should, for we _such bad luck up till now, and time _ out. （江西卷）A. have had; is running B. had; is runningC. have; has been run D. have had; has been run11 We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years. A. knew B. had knownC. have knownD. know （辽宁卷）12. Have you got any job offers?No. I _.（辽宁卷）A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting13. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. (全国II)A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining14. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent. (全国II)A. will increase B. have been increasingC. have increased D. would be increasing15. -Did you go to the show last night? -Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ invited. （陕西卷）A. were B. have been C. has been D. was16. The moment I got home, I found I _ my jacket on the playground. （陕西卷）A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving17. Though we dont know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic_.（陕西卷）A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed18. The telephone _, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川卷) A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung19. I dont believe youve already finished reading the book I _it to you this morning! A. would lend B. was lending C. had lent D. lent（浙江卷）20. -Whats that noise? （浙江卷） -Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _.A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested21.Have you read book called Waiting for Anya? Who _ it? （北京卷） A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written22. The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ in many worse hotels. （北京卷）A . was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed23. No decision about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made （北京卷）C. is being made D. has been made24. He _ football regularly for many years when he was young. （天津卷） A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played25. Judy is going to marry the sailor she _ in Rome last year. （重庆卷） A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet26. He _ as a national hero for winning the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics. A. regarded B. was regarded （重庆卷）C. has regarded D. had been regarded27. Teenagers _ their health because they play computer games too much. （重庆卷）A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage28. Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? (上海卷)Terry? Never! She _ tents and fresh air!A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. hates29.In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit. (上海卷)A. have run B. have been runC. had been runD. will run30. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she _. (（辽宁卷05）A. has done B. had doneC. was doing D. is doing31. -Can I join the club, Dad? -You can when you _ a bit older.A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have get32. Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be33. I dont really work here; I_ until the new secretary arrives.A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out34. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet35. Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come36. _ my glasses? -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen37. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time.A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked38. -Oh, its you! I_ you. - Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses.A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognized C. havent recognized D. dont recognize39. -Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised40. Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing41. The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down 42. -Hey, look where you are going? - Oh, Im terribly sorry. _.A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I do not notice43. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed44. -How are you today? -Oh, I _ as ill as I do for a long time.A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt45. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built46. John and I _ friends for 8 years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had seen; had seen D. have been; had seen47. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing48. -How are the team playing? -They are playing well, but one of them _ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were49. -You havent said a word about my coat, Brenda. Do you like it? - Im sorry I _anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A. wasnt saying B. dont sayC. wont say D. didnt say50. He _ in a computer company for 4 years, which is of great help to his present job.A. worked B. has worked C. is working D. had worked51. - Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets.- You _ something.A. have left B. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left52. - I _ so busily recently that I _ no time to help you with your math.- Thats OK. I can manage it by myself.A. have been working; have B. have worked; hadC. am working; will have D. had been working; had had53. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me.A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write54. He _ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.A. will speak B. is going to speak C. had to speak D. was going to speak55. - I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you.- Oh, I _ myself.A. am talking to B. talked about C. have talked to D. was talking to56. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. play57. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _ in a radio factory at that time.A. had worked B. has worked C. was working D. has been working58. - What _ when I phoned you?- I _ my work, and I wanted to go out.A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finishedC. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing; had just finished59. - Have you finished the report? - No. I _ it all this week.A. will do B. had done C. have done D. have been doing60. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out.A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing61. - We _ that you would fix the TV set this week.- Im sorry. I _ to fix it this week, but Ive been too busy.A. had expected; had intended B. are expecting; had intendedC. expect; intend D. expected; intend62. - Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!- Mum, I _ my store