4级冲刺试题 (一).doc

四级冲刺试题（一）Part IWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Waste Sorting. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 目前许多人扔垃圾时不分类2. 由此带来的问题3. 提倡垃圾分类的意义 Waste Sorting_Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Whose Rules Are These, Anyway?The director of the art-rich yet cash-poor National Academy Museum in New York expected strong opposition when its board decided to sell two Hudson River School paintings for around $15 million.The director, Carmine Branagan, had already approached leaders of two groups to which the academy belonged about the prospect. She knew that both the American Association of Museums (AAM) and Association of Art Museum Directors (AAMD) had firm policies against museums selling off artworks because of financial hardship and were not going to make an exception.Even so, she said, she was not prepared for the directors groups “immediate and punitive” response to the sale. In an e-mail message on Dec. 5 to its 190 members, it condemned the academy, founded in 1825, for “breaching (违反) one of the most basic and important AAMDs principles” and called on members “to suspend any loans of works of art to and any collaboration on exhibitions with the National Academy.”Ms. Branagan, who had by that time withdrawn her membership from both groups, said she “was shocked by the tone of the letter, like we had committed some crimes.” She called the withdrawal of loans “a death knell (丧钟声)” for the museum, adding, “What the AAMD have done is basically shoot us while were wounded.”Beyond shaping the fate of any one museum, this exchange has sparked larger questions over a principle that has long seemed sacred. Why, several experts ask, is it so wrong for a museum to sell art from its collection to raise badly-needed funds? And now that many institutions are facing financial hardship, should the ban on selling art to cover operating costs be eased?Lending urgency to the discussion are the painful efforts of the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, which has one of the worlds best collections of contemporary art but whose endowment (捐赠) is said to have shrunken to $6 million from more than $40 million over the last nine years. Wouldnt it be preferable, some people asked this month, to sell a Mark Rothko painting or a couple of Robert Rauschenbergs legendary “combines” the museum owns 11 than to risk closing its doors? (Ultimately, the museum announced $30 million bailout (援助) by the billionaire Eli Broad last week that would prevent the sales of any artworks.)Yet defenders of the prohibition warn that such sales can damage an institution and the damage is impossible to repair. “Selling an object is a knee-jerk (下意识的) act, and it undermines core principles of a museum,” said Michael Conforti, president of the directors association and director of the Clark Art Institute in Williamstown, Massachusetts. “There are always other options.”The sale of artwork from a museums permanent collection, known as deaccessioning, is not illegal in the United States, provided that any terms accompanying the original donation of artwork are respected. In Europe, by contrast, many museums are state-financed and prevented by national law from deaccessioning.But under the code of ethics of the American Association of Museums, the proceeds should be “used only for the acquisition, preservation, protection or care of collections.” The code of the Association of Art Museum Directors is even stricter, specifying that funds should not be used “for purposes other than acquisitions of works of art for the collection.”Donn Zaretsky, a New York lawyer who specializes in art cases, has sympathized with the National Academy, asking why a museum can sell art to buy more art but not to cover overhead costs or a much-needed education center. “Why should we automatically assume that buying art always justifies a deaccessioning, but that no other use of proceeds no matter how important to an institutions mission ever can?” he wrote.Even Patty Gerstenblith, a law professor at DePaul University in Chicago known for her strong standpoint on protecting cultural heritage, said her position had softened over the years. “If its really a life-or-death situation, if its a choice between selling a Rauschenberg and keeping the museum doors open, I think theres some justification for selling the painting,” she said.But several directors drew a much harder line, noting that museums get tax-deductible donations of art and cash to safeguard art collections for the public. Selling off any holdings for profit would thus betray that trust, they say, not to mention robbing a community of art, so no exceptions for financial hardships should be allowed.Dan Monroe, a board member of the directors group and the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Mass., said that almost any museum can claim financial hardship, especially now that endowments are suffering. “Its wrong to look at the situation from the standpoint of a single institution,” he said. “You have to look at what would happen if every institution went this route.Its a classic slippery slope this thinking goes: letting one museum sell off two paintings paves the way for dozens of museums to sell off thousands of artworks, perhaps routinely. “The fact is as soon as you breach this principle, everybodys got a hardship case,” Mr. Monroe said. “It would be impossible to control the outcome.”Deaccessioning has proven thorny for museums even when the money is directed into accepted channels like acquisitions.Sometimes the controversy centers on the irreplaceable nature of the object for sale, as when Thomas Hoving, then the director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, began aggressively sorting out its collection in the early 1970s, selling high-profile paintings like Van Goghs “Olive Pickers” and Rousseaus “Tropics”. The Metropolitan owned only one other painting by Rousseau, and the resistance was fierce.Yet critics of strict deaccessioning rules make a public-access argument as well. “Most big museums cant show 90 percent of the objects they own its all in storage,” said Michael OHare, a cultural policy professor at the University of California, Berkeley. “Whats wrong with selling these objects to smaller museums or even private collectors, who are more likely to put them on display?”At the National Academy, Ms. Branagan called deaccessioning an act of last resort, one that she would not have considered without a “long-range financial and programmatic” plan. Branagan said she told her members as much before they voted for the sale 181 to 2 in favor in November:“I remember saying: unless you believe you can support sweeping change, then do not vote for deaccessioning,” she said. “The tragedy isnt that were going to sell these four pieces. Thats not a tragedy. The tragedy would be if in l0 or 15 years we were back here having the same conversation.”1. What do we learn about the National Academy Museum from the passage?A) It will go broke because of the lack of artwork collections.B) It decided to sell some artworks due to funding problems.C) It won support from the director groups in the painting sales.D) Its director opposed the boards decision to sell the paintings.2. What delivered a death blow to the National Academy according to Ms. Branagan?A) The decision to sell art. B) The response of the public. C) The suspending of the loans.D) Her membership withdrawal.3. According to the passage, the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles _.A) overcame the financial difficulty B) defended the ban on selling artC) owns the worlds largest collections D) succeeded in its artworks sale4. Deaccessioning in Europe is different from America in that _.A) it is permanently legal B) it is respected by its peopleC) it is supported by the state D) it is prohibited by law5. Under the code of the AAMD, the use of funds from the sale of artwork is restricted to _.A) protecting artworks B) covering operating costsC) buying art for collection D) educating the public6. How does Donn Zaretsky, a New York lawyer, see the sale of artwork?A) It can cause damage to the image of the museum. B) It should be approved if the purpose is reasonable.C) It makes perfect sense in the business world.D) Art should be bought and sold at will as a commodity.7. Some directors disagreed to sell artworks to ease financial hardships because _.A) the money is far from enough to solve the problemB) selling art collections is a robbery according to lawC) the hardships are temporary and will be over soonD) the profit purpose would betray the trust of the public8. According to Dan Monroe, lifting the restriction for the National Academy Museum may _ for routine sale of artworks in the future.9. When Thomas Hoving sold a painting by Rousseau, he faced fierce resistance because the painting is _.10. Professor OHare assumed that small-sized museums were _ to exhibit their collections so that people would benefit more.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He enjoys writing home every other week. B) He doesnt write home once a week now.C) He has been asked to write home regularly. D) He never fails to write home once a week now.12. A) Hell ask Steven when he talks to him. B) He wants to invite the Johnsons to come.C) He isnt sure how many people will go. D) He doesnt know if they can get a room.13. A) It wont be nice and fine. B) It will be sunny but not warm.C) It will be perfect and pleasant. D) It wont be sunny but hot. 14. A) The teacher postponed the meeting. B) There wont be a test this afternoon.C) The students will be attending the meeting. D) The students will take an English test this afternoon.15. A) She has no idea of what the man should buy. B) She thinks a hair dryer would be a good gift.C) She wants to know whats making the noise. D) She cant hear the man because of the noise.16. A) She took a history class last year. B) She doesnt trust the mans opinion. C) She didnt like her sociology professor. D) She probably wont take any history classes.17. A) He hopes the woman likes modern art. B) He really appreciates the womans gifts. C) The modern art prints are too expensive. D) People enjoying modern art would like the prints.18. A) He hasnt accepted the job offer. B) He has received many job offers.C) He will let the woman have the job. D) He will write a letter to another company.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Meals are provided for free on campus. B) Students are much securer on campus.C) Students are free to choose their roommates. D) Students have more chances to make friends.20. A) They may have to obey certain housing rules. B) A deposit may be required to rent an apartment.C) Dormitories are very limited on campus. D) They have to do the housework themselves.21. A) Renters neednt maintain the house. B) Renters can cook in the apartments.C) Renters have freedom to select their roommates. D) Renters are free to do anything that they like.22. A) Sign a housing contract.B) Earn money to buy a car.C) Earn money to pay the rent.D) Buy furniture for the apartments.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) She does her homework. B) She works as a babysitter.C) She does some teaching work. D) She attends weekend classes.24. A) One of her friends introduced it to her. B) She got it through a notice near the bus stop.C) One of her teachers recommended her to do it. D) She happened to meet a person who offered the job.25. A) Ask his teachers for help. B) Paste notices on wire poles.C) Register in job center of the university. D) Put up notices on community bulletin boards.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) A website for them to upgrade. B) A way of buying and selling goods.C) A place to exhibit their own photos. D) A chance to buy things at low prices.27. A) For fun. B) To make money .C) For gathering the engineers. D) To fulfill a task of his company.28. A) By making e-photos. B) By listing items online.C) By charging for each sale. D) By bringing callers together.Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) They often regret writing poor works. B) Some of them write surprisingly much.C) Many of them hate reading their own works. D) They are happy to review the publishers opinions.30. A) People think in words and sentences. B) Human ideas are translated into symbols.C) People think by connecting threads of ideas. D) Human thoughts are expressed through pictures.31. A) Most people believe we think in symbols. B) Loving our own writing is scientifically-reasonable.C) The writers and critics can never reach an agreement.D) Thinking and writing are different stages of mind at work.Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) He lives with his mother. B) He has a handsome income.C) He often goes out with friends. D) He graduated with six O-levels.33. A) He will soon lose his job. B) He has very little spare time. C) He has no time to learn driving. D) He is too young to get a credit card.34. A) He had done well in all his exams. B) He was good at playing computer games. C) He had written some computer programs. D) He had learnt to use computers at school. 35. A) He received lots of job offers. B) He was eager to help his mother. C) He lost interest in school studies. D) He wanted to earn his own living. Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, youshould listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Its amazing that in a modern, huge city like New York, problems with the weather and subway can create complete chaos for millions of New Yorkers. This winter, New York City has been the (36) _ of many a snow storm. We had one a (37) _ months ago that dumped about 15 inches of snow on the city. Luckily, that storm (38) _ over a weekend, so New Yorkers, who were famous for always being out and about, holed themselves in their (39) _, only venturing out into the snow for food.The winter has been so (40) _ . Just when we think spring has finally arrived, it starts to snow. One day, it may be 60 degrees Fahrenheit, and the next day, it may be below (41) _ with snow and dangerous winds! Sometimes the wind and snow make it so cold and unbearable that I feel as if my heart will stop (42) _ when I go outside.No matter what, when there are (43) _ changes in weather, and certainly when there is snow, (44) _. Everyone I know takes the subway. (45) _. For myself, I have no choice but to take the subway everywhere I go. I cannot afford to take a taxi everywhere. So basically, if the subway stops working, I have no way of getting anywhere. (46) _.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage