4级写作技巧2.doc

2. How to compose the opening 第一句: 主题单词+定语从句(解释主题或产生原因;或重要性或发展情况); . 主句(发展情况;重要性; 后果); 第二句: 具体情况的演绎Due attentions should be given to spelling1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2. 出现这种情况的原因3. 为了改变这种情况,我认为.Due attentions should be given to spelling Spelling of English words, which is important to express the meanings of words, is ignored by an increasing number of students in their English learning. It is easy to find more and more spelling mistakes in their essays like “incoveinet” even “good” for “god” International exchange and cooperation between colleges1. 现在越来越多的高校开始国际交流合作2. 这样做的目的3. 你的观点 International exchange and cooperation between colleges International exchange and cooperation between colleges, which is gaining in popularity among Chinese universities in recent years, is playing an important role in university expansion programs. It is reported in the news that roughly half of the key universities have launched their overseas cooperation programs Studying alone or in groups?1. 有的学生喜欢独立学习2. 有的学生喜欢小组学习.3. 你的观点 Studying alone or in groups? Studying alone or in group, which are two major study styles, is adopted respectively by all the students. It is easy to notice that some students prefer to study alone while others to study in groups. Of course, they justify their opinions by their experiences and reasons. my opinion on campus lectures1. 大学校园的讲座丰富多彩2. 听讲座的好处3. 学校举办讲座的建议 my opinion on campus lectures Lectures, whatever field they are involved in, are finding their way into students college life. Many students are more and more interested in these lectures in series on different topics, such as arts, life, economy, psychology, world issues, etc.Online education, will it be the future of education?1. 网络教育日益普及2. 有人认为未来会成为教育的主体3. 也有人不这样认为 Online education, will it be the future of education? Online education, which is developed by the power and magic of Internet, is playing an increasing important role in the education. More and more people attend online classes either for degrees or skill training and they are likely to believe that online education will be the future of education.常见表达方式和短语1. 句型1) .的流行It is easy to find that sth is gaining in popularity among It is noticed that sth has become a household name It is seen sth has found its way into peoples life 2) 对争议An increasing number of people argue for/ against.+名词We hear people talk all the time: should.? Is it a curse or bless?The controversy of whether+句子 has taken the heat of the public attention 3) 取代It is a matter of time for A to replace BB will give way to A sooner or laterWith As popularity, B will soon creep away from peoples life 4) 重视;忽视People are only/more concerned with A regardless of BWhile people value A highly, they sometimes ignore/overlook/neglect BPeople often give priority to A rather than B5) 原因Sth/sb should be fully/partly responsible for A naturally/easily contribute/s to BB, more or less/ undoubtedly, can be attributed to A6) 对比While/whereas A., .BA, on the contrary/ in contrast,.BA. , but to our surprise, .B instead 7) 赞同或反对To those advocates/protesters, .means Those who voice their support/objection hold thatThere are a majority/minority of people holding the negative/positive attitudes to., to them.9) 优点缺点 sth greatly benefit/s us more in that/because sth does more harm than good to.A is not as good as B because.10. 重要性 sth plays an increasingly important role inSth plays an increasingly necessary part in .Sth is more than important to sb 3. Components of a good essay 1. unity (统一性)2. coherence (连贯性)3. variety (多样性)4. conciseness (简洁性)5. wording (用词)6. grammar 7. spelling 1. Unity (统一性) 1. unity in sentences 句子的统一性A unified sentence expresses a single complete thought. It does not contain ideas that are not closely related, nor does it express a thought that is not complete by itself. Eg: With the development of science and technology, more and more college students have the psychological problemsrevised: With the development of science and technology, which incurs the fast pace of life, along with increasing pressure, more and more college students have the psychological problems2. Fast food is harmful to the health which can lead to cancer. Revised: fast food, to some extent, is harmful to the health if you talk in excessive fat and calories, which easily contributes to overweight.1. unity in paragraphs (段落中的一致性)A paragraph is unified when all the sentences in the paragraph are focused on one central thought or on a single topic. When you write a paragraph, be sure that each sentence contributes to the theme, and any irrelevant information is excluded.1. In China, Christmas is also popular over the country. Whether it is considered to be fashionable or a real festival, it is a cultural communication . At Christmas, people can benefit from it, achieving a leisure period, a good mood and an enjoyable evening. 3. Global warming can be attributed to the increasing carbon dioxide emitted into the air. Many factories and cars take most of responsibilities for it because they give off incredible amount of CO2. There is also some poisonous gas which poses great threat to our health, namely the air pollution. 2. coherence (连贯性)Coherence means clear and reasonable connection between parts. A sentence is coherent when its words or parts are properly connected and their relationships unmistakably clear 1. Being addicted to online games, learning and social life seems to be isolated from their worldRevised: Being addicted to online games, they seem to be isolated from outside worldWhen students are addicted to online games, learning and social life seems to be isolated from their world2. Those manufacturers are emitting wastes everyday to pollute the environment, who are greatly driven by profitsRevised: Those manufacturers who are greatly driven by profits are emitting wastes everyday to pollute the environment, 篇章中的衔接词1) listing(列举): moreover, furthermore, in addition, 2)Cause and Effect(因果):as a result, therefore, consequently, thus, 3)Contrasting(对比不同):, however, but, in / by contrast, on the other hand4)Comparison(对比相似):in the same way, similarly5)Intensification(强调): in fact, in any event / case, whats most important, what is worse, in a sense 6)Illustrating(举例):for example/ for instance, a case in point is.7)Re-stating(解释): in other words, that is to say篇章中的连贯和衔接Eg: The coll