《双城记》中卡顿的悲剧英语论文.doc

本科生毕业论文（设计）册 学院 XXX学院 专业 英语教育 班级 XXX级英语教育X班 学生 XX 指导教师 XX XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编 号： 论文（设计）题目： 双城记中卡顿的悲剧 学院： XXXX学院 专业： 英语教育 班级： XX级英语教育XX班 学生姓名： XXXX 学号： XX 指导教师： XX 职称：教授 1、 论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务本论文的研究目标是探讨双城记中卡顿这一人物形象悲剧表现的三个方面，以及其悲剧形成的原因，和体现作者的思想。其主要任务是通过研究卡顿的悲剧来弘扬作者的人道主义精神。2、论文（设计）的主要内容 本论文分为三章，第一章介绍卡顿爱情的悲剧及表现，第二章介绍卡顿工作上的悲剧及表现，最后一章介绍了卡顿生活悲剧及表现。3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线 本论文的基础条件是小说所呈现的主题，以及学者们对双城记的研究。 研究路线是通过对双城记中卡顿人物形象的探索，来展现当时的时代背景和作者的思想，观点。4、主要参考文献Dickens, Charles. A tale of two cities. Qingdao: Qingdao Press, 2005.Collins, Philip. Dickens: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge, 1971.Hardy, Barbara. British Writers. London: British Council, 1982狄更斯，2011，双城记，张玲 张扬译. 上海：上海译文出版社. 贺润东，2011，卡顿的救赎双城记中博爱精神的体现. 绵阳师范学院学报2011年第4期，2325页.5、计划进度阶段起止日期1确定初步论文题目3月16日前2与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字3月16日-3月23日3提交论文提纲3月23日-3月30日4交初稿和文献综述3月30日-4月20日5交终稿和评议书5月8日前指 导 教师： 年 月 日教研室主任： 年 月 日注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份XX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书XX 学院 英语教育 专业 XX 届学生姓名XX论文（设计）题目双城记中卡顿的悲剧指导教师XX专业职称 XX所属教研室英语高年级教研组研究方向英美文学课题论证：从卡顿的爱情，事业，生活三个方面悲剧的表现和形成的原因，来讴歌主人公的大义凛然，无私奉献的精神，从而弘扬作者狄更斯的人道主义精神。 方案设计：第一章介绍卡顿的爱情悲剧，第二章阐述卡顿的工作悲剧， 第三章探讨卡顿的生活悲剧。 进度计划：3月16日前确定初步论文题目 3月30日前写开题报告、任务书3月30日前提交论文提纲4月20日前提交初稿和文献综述5月8日前交终稿和评议书指导教师意见： 指导教师签名： 年 月 日教研室意见： 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日XX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书姓 名XX学院XX学院专业英语教育年级（班）XX级英语教育一班论 文 题 目双城记中卡顿的悲剧完成时间2013年4月29日论文内容摘要双城记是英国作家查尔斯狄更斯所著的一部以法国大革命为背景的鸿篇巨制，情节高潮迭起，跌宕起伏，感人肺腑，泣人泪下，是世界文学经典名著之一。故事中将巴黎，伦敦两城市连接起来，通过对各种人物的遭遇及其人性的剖析，展现了人道主义视野下革命的合理性和暴力的疯狂性。 西德尼卡顿，一个最能代表狄更斯的人道主义思想的理想化的人物，在这部小说中是真正的主角，是悲剧化的英雄。他自始至终都是为他人着想，为他人做出退让和牺牲，以至在最后做了周密细致，十分完美的安排之后，冒名顶替，慷慨赴刑，以他一个人的性命换来了马奈特全家三代四口人的生命。 本论文将通过分析卡顿的短暂却令人惋惜和感动的一生，来探讨他人生的悲剧。它包括三部分，也是悲剧体现的在三个方面。首先是卡顿爱情的悲剧，深爱的人却爱着别人，而自己那看似卑微的爱，却不愿意为自己争取幸福。再次是只愿做狮子背后的豺狼，也没有伯乐去发现他的才华，这又体现了卡顿工作上的悲剧。最后是卡顿的人生悲剧，一个外表看起来懒惰的经常酗酒的被人忽略被人轻视的律师助理，愿意为了爱，为了他人，而牺牲自己的生命，这是美丽的悲剧。这样的牺牲，其实就是永恒。指导教师评语 年 月 日指 导 教 师职称初评成绩答辩小组姓名职称教研室组长成员答辩记录： 记录人签字： 年 月 日答辩小组意见： 组长签字： 年 月 日学院意见： 评定成绩： 签章 年 月 日XX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述Literature ReviewSince A Tale of Two Citiesis anovel, as Charles Dickenss masterpiece was published in installments in All The Year Round in 1859, critics have studied it from various aspects. Comments on the novel may have three sorts. First, those that are the point of view of the historical novel or notsome critics have thought so, but others havent. Second, those that are on the study of humanitarianism and most of critics have agreed with the point. Third, those that on textual artistic style and most of critics have thought the novel are the exception in Dickensian novels. Especially, the second one is the hottest one that many critics are interest in. Sydney Carton is the The Reviews from Abroad When the novel was born, his friend and biographer, John Forster argued that “there was probably never a book by a great humorist, and an artist so prolific in the conception of character, with so little humor and so few remember able figures.” It is worth pointing out that while Charles Dickens is often very funny, this book is not. This is really one of his most serious works. Theres really not a lot of comic relief. But its also one of his more emotionally satisfying books and one of his least sentimental. Stephen wrote an essay on A Tale of two cities in The Saturday Review, London. In the essay, Stephen thought: In the Tale of Two Cities, Mr. Dickens has reached the Castle Dangerous stage without Sir Walter Scotts excuse; and instead of wholesome food ill-dressed, he has put before his readers dishes of which the quality is not disguised by the cookingIt is a most curious, production, whether it is considered in a literary, in a moral, or in a historical point of view.Pritchard did a summary comment on A Tale of Two Cities in Biographical Essay about Charles Dickens; Pritchard concluded the point of view of some critics that the novel is the authors autobiography and agreed that: Sydney Carton and Charles Darnay, two main characters, portray different sides of Dickens initials, tires to shed his familys past but can not hide from its reach. Sydney Carton redeems himself through his love for Lucie Manette. These two versions of Dickens are unified in the novel, and they show the destructive power of the past and the healing power of love and sacrifice. In the 21st century, Petch mainly argued The Business of the Barrister in A Tale of Two Cites. In the essay, Simon Petch declared that A Tale of Two Cities is the story of one lawyer, Sydney Carton, and his self-sacrificing love for one woman, in the context of his relations with several other professional men, at the time of the French Revolution. From the above, these critics studied A Tale of Two Cities from varied aspects, especially from history, autobiography, archetype, etc. Long before created A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens showed great solicitude for the French Revolution and retreaded an English historian, Thomas Carlyles The French Revolution. So in this novel, another writer can be seen. It is Tomas Carlyle. In Ruth Glancys Charles Dickenss A Tale of Two Cities a sourcebook, he puts much importance on the Revolution. But everyone who has researched the novel knows that characters are much important than the background. In this novel, he also makes clear the characters in this novel through their actions rather than dialogue. Novelist E. M. Forster famously criticized Dickenss characters as “flat,” lamenting that they seem to lack the depth and complexity that make literary characters realistic and believable. Sydney Carton is a flat character. He is just a drunken lawyer who works for “the lion”. Karis Marie Kalil wrote On Dickens a tale of two cities “He represents the sacrificial hero who ritually slaughtered of his own free will so that society might renew itself, a prospect he envisions before he dies.” Dickens writes a shocking tragedy and makes Sydney Carton, his cynical and charming hero, one of his strongest and most sympathetic characters. Cartons tragedy is a beautiful tragedy. The Reviews from Home Domestic study of Charles Dickenss A Tale of Two Cities is often limited in the field of ideology until 1990s. Many critics give many comments on the most memorable character in this novel Sydney Carton. The famous Chinese writer, Ba Jin once recalled the image with deep emotion and respect:“That Englishman who sacrificed his life, paced to the scaffold leisurely for others happiness lingers in my mind for several decades. I can not forget him, just like I can not forget a bosom friend. He also is one of my teachers. He sets an example and teaches me to know how to make yourself sublimation.”Wang Ping express that the leading thinking of Dickenss novels is humanitarianism, which reflects in his numerous novels and among them, A Tale of Two Cities is the typical representative. Meanwhile the article clarifies embodiment of the humanistic thinking in A Tale of Two Cities by Dickens, analyzes and shows its progressiveness and limitation. Anyway Sydney Carton represents the highest state of humanitarianism.So far, most of critics study A Tale of Two Cities with the trap that the author prepared for them. These critics always study the novel in the authors standpoint, even though they think there is much failure in the novel. As a matter of fact, they study the novel not as a woman, or as humankind with the thought of gender equality, but as a man. This fault can not attribute to these critics. This is the success of the author. He has successfully protected his belief of the central position of men in his novel from the outer pollution.From A Tale of Two Cities published to the present day, it has a history of one hundred and thirty years. Whether it is in the middle of the academic or readers, it is a work which is still welcomed. Honestly, the great work is just like “immortal” thought it conveying, it also can be immortal anyway. It is a splendid piece in the world history literature. 本科生毕业论文设计论双城记中卡顿的悲剧作者姓名 XX 指导教师 XX 所在学院 XX学院 专业（系） 英语教育 班级（届）XX级 英教XX班 完成日期 2013 年 5 月 8 日An Analysis of the Tragedy of Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two CitiesByXXProf. XXX, TutorA Thesis Submitted to Department of English Language and Literature in PartialFulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of B.A in EnglishAt XXXUniversityMay 8, 2013AbstractA Tale of Two Citiesis anovelbyEnglish author Charles Dickens, which is set inLondon andParis before and during the French Revolution. It ranks among the most famous works in the history of fictional literature. This novel shows effectively the authors aim to point out the injustice of oppression and the justification of the revolution. However, Dickens shows his strong criticism on the excess of bloodshed during the French Revolution. Sydney Carton the most typical character represents Dickenss humanism best. He is the real tragic hero in this novel. He always thinks about others and makes concessions for others, even sacrifices. In the end, after doing careful, meticulous and perfect arrangement, Carton took Darnays place by counterfeiting and died for the Manette family, three generations of four people. This thesis will analyze Cartons short but touching life to explore his tragedy. It consists of three parts. The first part is Cartons tragedy on love. Lover in love with someone else and his humble love make him never seek happiness for himself. This is definitely resultless love. The second part consists of the jackal behind the lion and nobody give him business. These are the tragedy on his work. The last is his life tragedy. A lazy, alcoholic, ignored, despised attorney is willing to sacrifice his life for love and others. This is a beautiful tragedy, and that sacrifice is eternal.Key words humanism tragedy love life work摘 要 双城记是英国作家查尔斯狄更斯所著的一部以法国大革命为背景的鸿篇巨制，情节高潮迭起，感人肺腑，是世界文学经典名著之一。故事中将巴黎，伦敦两城市连接起来，通过对各种人物的遭遇及其人性的剖析，展现了人道主义视野下革命的合理性和暴力的疯狂性。 西德尼卡顿，一个最能代表狄更斯的人道主义思想的理想化的人物，在这部小说中是真正的主角，是悲剧化的英雄。他自始至终都是为他人着想，为他人做出退让和牺牲，以至在最后做了周密细致，十分完美的安排之后，冒名顶替，慷慨赴刑，以他一个人的生命换来马奈特全家三代四口人的生命。 本论文将通过分析卡顿的短暂却令人惋惜和感动的一生，来探讨他人生的悲剧。它包括三部分，也是悲剧体现的在三个方面。首先是卡顿爱情的悲剧，深爱的人却爱着别人，这注定是一种没有结果的爱；而自己那看似卑微的爱，却不愿意为自己争取幸福。再次是只愿做狮子背后的豺狼，也没有伯乐去发现他的才华，这又体现了卡顿工作上的悲剧。最后是卡顿的人生悲剧，一个外表看起来懒惰的经常酗酒的被人忽略被人轻视的律师助理，愿意为了爱，为了他人，而牺牲自己的生命，这是美丽的悲剧。这样的牺牲，其实就是永恒。关键词 人道主义 悲剧 爱情 生活 事业Table of ContentsAbstractAbstract in ChineseIntroduction1 Chapter Cartons Tragedy on Love6A. Resultless love6 B. Humble love7Chapter Cartons Tragedy on Work11A. The jackal behind the lion11B. No talent- spotter12Chapter Cartons Tragedy on Life 14A. A lazy, alcoholic attorney 14B. An ignored, despised gay15Conclusion18Notes20Bibliography2138IntroductionIn English literature history, Dickens is the most famous classical author besides Shakespeare, and he is one of the most famous writers in the world. “To his friend and biographer, John Forster argued that there was probably never a book by a great humorist, and an artist so prolific in the conception of character, with so little humor and so few remember able figures.” 1 He is one of the greatest critical realists in the Victorian Age. His novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age. “One of the greatest modern writers, James Joyce, claimed that Dickens has entered into the language more than any writer since Shakespeare.” 2 This is not mere praise. Like Shakespeare, Dickens brims with originality but expresses and addresses human nature at large. Like Shakespeare, he is fully in possession of himself, creating an art that is powerful personal and generously accessible. Like Shakespeare, he creates an art that is powerfully personal and generously accessible. Like Shakespeare, he creates a flexible language for self-expression and imaginative creativity that commands admiration for its brilliance and virtuosity. Like Shakespeare, he creates a unique and independent-seeming world, allowing us to use that time-worn term world with precision.Charles Dickens was born in a navypersonnel family. Because of his fathers failure of managing money very well, he ended up in prison for getting into debt. Just like the heros exercise in David Copperfield, he suffers many tribulations. His education was off and on and went to several schools. Sometimes he was completely dropped out. He began his first career, as a junior clerk at a lawyers office. Then he went to work as a freelance law reporter. Dickens did not take his misfortune on the others. Instead, he made good use of what had seen and gone through. Miserable childhood, persistence to work and the reality of England is his real university. Charles Dickens can be considered as a prolific writer, but A Tale of Two Citiesis the only historical work of his 14 novels. It has fewer characters and sub-plots than a typical Charles Dickenss novel, but it has always been one of his most popular and best-loved novels. In this somewhat uncharacteristic opening chapter, Dickens establishes the historical setting of the novel. No characters are introduced and no plot, it seems, is set in motion. The famous opening paragraph, actually just a single sentence, is can be considered the mirror of that time. Its interpretation of the French Revolution has strongly shaped British views of national identity and political legitimacy. At the same time, it offers a powerful melodramatic plot pitting private individuals against political systems. In this novel, the magnificent scenery of that famous Revolution which happened in France and shocked all over the world is depicted incisively and vividly. However, the most important is the author want to advocate humanitarianism, extol philanthropy through this novel. Long before created A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens showed great solicitude for the French Revolution and retreaded an English historian, Thomas Carlyles The French Revolution. Charles Dickens wrote in his Preface toTalethat “no one can hope to add anything to the philosophy of Mr. Carlyles wonderful book”. With reference to Carlyles history and other historical works, Dickens has tried to make his portrayal of the working population in A Tale of Two Cities as historically accurate as possible. As the chief victims of the oppression and injustice of the old regime, the lower levels of the peasantry and the urban poor became the chief characters in the revolutionary novel. They are depicted far more sympathetically by Dickens than they were by most writers of the nineteenth century. The reason why he is interested in the revolution is that many serious social crises concealed in England during the same time period. In describing the abuses of eighteenth-century England, Dickens adopts a less critical tone. But in England the ordinary citizen can not depend upon the justice system to protect him. This comparison between the two countries will be elaborated and the differences heightened as the novel progress into the Revolution and beyond. In late 1854, he said“I believe, discontent is like smoke which is much worse than fire burns, particularly as the first revolution in France before the outbreak of the public psychology. That is dangerous, because thousands of reasons - such as bad harvest, incompetence and imperiousness of the nobility, defeat in overseas war, domestic incident and so on - turned into a terrible fire that have never be seen.” Dickens connects this novel with the French Revolution. Many of his descriptions refer back to the Revolution and help convey the tone of depression. In Ruth Glancys Charles Dickenss A Tale of Two Cities a sourcebook, he puts much importance on the Revolution. But everyone who has researched the novel knows that characters are much important than the background. In this novel, he also makes clear the characters in this novel through their actions rather than dialogue. Dickens is a bourgeois humanitarian. Just as Sun Li once said, Great writers are all humanitarian. Dickens is extremely against the merciless behavior done by the aristocrats, but at the same time, he dislikes the violent revolution. Therefore, he creates many models that solve social problems with humanitarianism, which defeat hatred with philanthropy: Dr. Manette and his daughter Lucie, Charles Darnay, Sydney Carton. Among them Sydney Carton represents the highest state of humanitarianism. Just like Hamlet, Sydney Carton is the tragic hero in Charles Dickenss novel A Tale of Two Cities. He is the most memorable character in this novel, a story of redemption, resurrection, self-sacrifice change and love; all of these words have to do with the extreme tran