Abstract的格式要求.doc

AbstractWorking as an indispensable and natural part of language, euphemism has long been arousing wide interest. Researches made by linguists and scholars cover different angles, including linguistics, pragmatics, and inter-cultural study and so on. However, traditional researches on euphemism mostly focused on the linguistic characteristics, seldom on the pragmatic motivation, and rarely on the application in specific fields. For this reason, the paper attempts to discuss the application of euphemism in English teaching guided by some pragmatic principles.Based on the study of definition, origin and development and classification of euphemism, the paper analyzes the pragmatic principles and functions underlying the use of euphemism. Since euphemism plays an active role in facilitating the second language teaching, the paper lays an emphasis on the study of application of euphemism in English language teaching. It explores the accessibility and the significance of introducing euphemism into English teaching, and puts forward some tentative strategies for teachers to help students grasp this language phenomenon, thus improving their basic linguistic competence and communicative competence. Some methods, such as questionnaire, comparison, are used in this paper to impartially reflect and tackle some teaching problems.As we all know, successful communication is the most fundamental function of all languages. Euphemisms ensure us a smooth interaction with others since this way of expression takes others “face want” into consideration and puts “politeness” in the first place. And the paper attempts to call peoples attention to the importance of euphemism in our daily communication. Taking into account the background of China whose mainstream are quality-oriented education and globalization, it is practical and meaningful to introduce euphemisms into English language teaching.Key Words: euphemism; English teaching; applicationii摘 要长久以来，委婉语作为语言中必不可少的组成部分，一直受到语言学家和学者的广泛关注。语言学者们从语言学，语用学及跨文化等多个角度对其进行了研究。传统的委婉语研究多注重其语言本身的特点，而较少探讨其背后所隐藏的语用动因，对其在具体领域的应用研究则更为鲜见。基于语言学者们的成就，本文意在探讨在语用原则支配下委婉语在英语教学中的应用。本文开篇从委婉语的基本概念，起源和发展，及其分类入手，探讨了委婉语的语用原则和动因。由于委婉语在语言教学中起着极大的促进作用，本文将重点论述委婉语在英语教学中的应用，分析将其引入课堂的可行性，探寻在英语教学中应用委婉语的重要意义，并提出一些可行的教学策略来引导学生掌握这一语言现象，在提高学生基本语言知识能力的基础上，进一步提高他们的跨文化交际能力。此外，作者在文章中使用了问卷调查，对比等方法来更客观的反映和解决教学中存在的一些问题。众所周知，语言存在的意义在于实际交流。由于委婉语总是将“礼貌”及“面子”放在第一位，从而使得成功的交际成为可能。本文旨在让人们认识到委婉语在日常交际中的作用，特别是在以素质教育及全球化为背景的中国，将委婉语引入英语教学既是有意义的，又是可行的。关键词：委婉语；英语教学；应用AbstractFood, an essential perquisite for existence, plays an irreplaceable role in the development of society and in the progress of human beings, whether in ancient times or in modern times, and whether in the East or in the West. The Chinese cuisine culture, which is profound and well established, has a long history and enjoys a very high reputation in the whole world. As a thread going through the long history of Chinese cuisine culture, Chinese dish names not only reflect the variety of ingredients, cookeries, inventors, original places, but also contain many cultural elements such as the colors, aromas, tastes, and appearances of the dishes. Yet it is not difficult to find out that the most serious mistakes in menu interpreting and translating are usually not the result of verbal inadequacy, but of wrong cultural assumptions.Therefore, this paper tries to focus on the systemic research of Chinese menu translation from the perspective of cross-cultural. The paper sums up the impacts of cultural barriers on Chinese menu translation based on the given theory of culture and translation, and then puts forward specific translation strategies. All in all, studying the Chinese menu translation from the perspective of cultural differences to make the translation more accurate and elegant plays a significant role in promoting the interaction among peoples of different nations, especially the communication of culture. Key Words: cultural translation theory; cultural difference; Chinese menu摘要无论是在古代还是现代，东方还是西方，饮食，作为人类生存的必要前提，在人类社会发展和文明进步中起着无可替代的作用。中国饮食文化博大精深，源远流长，在世界上久享盛誉。菜谱中林林总总的中式菜名，作为贯穿中国饮食文化历史的主线索，不仅反映了菜品的制作原料，烹制方法，创始人及发源地，而且还传递了菜肴的色，香，味，形。然而，不难看出目前中式菜谱翻译难点和误区，往往不是由于词语选择的缺陷，而是归结于错误的文化背景的假设。本文将重点放在从文化差异角度对中式菜谱的英译做系统的研究。基于文化翻译的相关理论，本文较为全面的总结了文化障碍对中式菜谱翻译的影响，并在此基础之上提出了中式菜谱英译需遵循的翻译方法。总而言之，从文化差异角度对中式菜谱进行翻译研究使菜名翻译更为准确。优美的译文，对于传递中国文化，促进不同国家的人民之间的交流有着十分重要的意义。关键词：文化翻译理论; 文化差异; 中式菜谱Purpose of the study: The purpose of this paper is The primary goal of this research is The work presented in this paper focuses on several aspects of The overall objective of this study is Methods of the study The method used in our study is known as The technique we applied is referred to as This research has recorded valuable data using the newly developed method of The test equipment which was used consisted of A number of experiments were performed to check Findings/Results of the study The results of the experiments indicate that The results show (or suggest) that Concluding sentences From our experiment (s), the author concluded that Our work involving proves to be encouraging.ComponentsTS（Topic Specification）主题阐述BI （Background information）背景信息PS（Purpose Statement）目的陈述MD（Methodology and Data）方法论和语料RF（Results and Findings） 研究结果和发现IC （Implication/ Conclusions）研究所带来的启示和结论Abstract 1TS (s1,2) 对研究领域下定义，指出该领域研究目的BI (s 3,4,5) 有关事件本身：时间地点、布什行为、纽约时报行为PS (s6) “This paper tries”, “focusing on” MD (s6) “Bushes remarks” 布什语料，“critical perspective”批评性视角RF IC 略Abstract 1(1) Critical discourse analysis is an important way of interpreting rather than just describing the linguistic structure of texts. (2)It aims to reveal the relationship between language and ideology. (3) One of the great events that happened in the year 2001 was that the USA was attacked on September 11th. (4) Right after the attack, President George Bush Delivered a speech to the nation. (5) The New York Times reported his address on Sep, 12. (6)This paper tries to analyze Bushs remarks from a critical perspective, focusing on revealing the hidden ideology of the American government.Abstract 2TS (s1, s2) BI (s1, s2)PS (s3)MD (s4)RF (s5, s6, s7)IC (s8)Abstract 2(1) The dozen of studies on academic discourse carried out over the past 20 years have mostly focused on written academic prose (usually the technical research article in science or medicine) or on academic lectures. (2) Other registers that may be more important for students adjusting to university life, such as textbooks, have received surprisingly little attention, and spoken registers such as study groups or on-campus service encounters have been virtually ignored. (3) To explain more fully the nature of the tasks that incoming international students encounter, this article undert