九年级英语全一册教材重点知识梳理.doc

九年级英语全一册教材重点知识梳理Unit1 How do you study for a test? 1. A: How do you study for a test? B: I study for a test by working with classmates.2. A: How does she get good grades? B: She gets good grades by studying hard everyday.3. A: Have you ever studied with a group? B: Yes, I have. / No, I havent.4语法：by + doing 译为“ 通过、用方法”来回答how提出的问句。如：by studying with a group；by listening to tapes.5 by 还可以表示：“在旁”、“靠近”、“在之前”、“用、” “ 经过”、“乘” “由”“被”等。如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten oclock. The thief entered the room by the window.The student went to park by bus.6词组：first of all 首先； to begin with 一开始； break off终断、终止； worry about sb/ sth. 担心某人/ 某事; 成go by (时间) 过去; be afraid to do=be afraid of doing sth=be terrified of doing sth害怕去做某事; make up编造、组成 ; look up查阅、查找 ; be angry with sb对某人生气；make mistakes 犯错 ；laugh at sb. 取笑（某人）； take notes 做笔记，做记录； deal with 处理; regard as 把看作为; changeinto将变为.; compare to 把与相比; later on 后来、随后； It doesnt matte没关系; unless=if not 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句；try ones best to do sth尽力去做某事; the best way to do sth做某事的最好方法是； have trouble/problem/experience (in)doing sth对做某事有困难/经验； each other 彼此。 Unit2 I used to be afraid of the dark. (过去常做某事)1“used to ”译为“过去常常、以前常常”后接动词原形 ：used to do sth 过去常做某事；used to be过去常是样子。如：I used to have short hair. She used to be short.2. I used to play basketball. I didnt use to play basketball. 3. She used to be quiet. Did she use to be quiet?4. They used to be interested in sports, didnt they?5. There used to be lots of trees.（过去常有）6.词组：.make a decision=decide 做决定、下决心; afford to do sth支付得起做某事;take pride in sth.=be proud of sth对某事感到自豪； fall/be/go to sleep入睡；chat with sb与某人闲聊 ；in the end =at last=finally最后; no more = no longer不再; even though即使、纵然; give up doing sth放弃做某事； over the years 很多年来，常与现在完成时连用；in the last few years. 在过去的几年内（常与完成时连用）; to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是； Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.1语态：1）英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者Cats eat fish.猫吃鱼。(主动语态）Fish is eaten by cats.鱼被猫吃。(被动语态)2）被动语态谓语构成：助动词be 及物动词的过去分词（助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化)时态被动语态谓语结构例句一般现在 时am/is are+过去分词English is spoken in many countries.一般过去 时was /were + 过去分词This bridge was built in 1989.一般将来 时will be+过去分词The work will be finished in two days.情 态动 词shouldcan/may +be+过去分词must/The work must be done right now. 3）被动语态的用法当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如：The door was closed.2The classroom must be cleaned everyday. Homework should be done everyday.3.词组：allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事get/have sth done使某物被做； clean up 打扫、整理；stay up 熬夜；take the test 参加考试; pass the test 通过考试; fail the test考试失败;learn (sth.) from sb向某人学习某物； at present=now 目前；practice doing 练习做某事；at least 最少； at most 最多；get in the way of 碍事，妨碍；have an opportunity to do sth.有机会做某事; have a chance of doing sth.有机会做某事4倒装句：so助动词(do/will/have)/be动词/情态动词主语 译为：“也是一样”如：She is a student. So am I她是一个学生，我也是。She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。so主语助动词(do/will/have)/be动词/情态动词 译为：“的确如此”如：She speaks English well, so she does.她英语说得好，她的确如此。 Unit 4 What would you do? . 1. If I had a million dollars, I would help the poor.2. If I were you, I would study hard everyday.3含if 虚拟条件状语从句的复合句，在if真实条件状语从句的基础上，时态往前推一个：即if从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时。句型为：从句（if+主语sb +动词过去式did/were+其它） ,主句（主语+would/should +动词原形+其它）。如：If I were you, I would bring a small present.假如我是你，我将带一个小礼物来。4.词组：pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 ；what if=what would happen if如果将会样 ; in public 在公共场所 ; introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 ; plenty of许多修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 ; come out 出版(无被动)；would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示愿做某事而不愿做某事 如:I would rather walk than run; let sb. down 让某人失望; come up with sth提出 想出 ;catch up with sb追上 赶上; offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物；by accident 偶然地; by mistake错误地；5hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several/some 用单数 ，后有of时，用复数。如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people ;six hundred; hundreds of trees .Unit 5 It must belong to Carla.1.情态动词表推测：must 一定是、准是（100%的可能性) could 可能是(20%80%的可能性); might 可能是、也许是; cant 不可能是（否定，可能性几乎为零)。2. A: Whose book is this? B: The book must be Mings. It has her name on it. 3. A: Whose guitar is this? B: It might belong to Alice. She plays the guitar.4对现在正在进行的动作的推测：推测情态动词+be+现在分词，如：I think my father must be watching TV now.5There be +sth/sb+doing sth.有某人/某物正在做某事。如：There are some students studying at the classroom.6.词组：belong to sb=must be sbs一定属于某人； use up=run out of 用光、用完 an ocean of +名词 意为极多的，用不尽的；如：an ocean of energy.因为：because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语； because +从句；当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything，somewhere, anywhere; nowhere; everywhere等不定代/副词时，放在这些词的后面如：something different; somewhere interesting.Unit 6 I like music that I can dance to1.复合句：由两个或两个以上的有主谓结构的句子，用从属连词连接起来组成的句子。主句是主体，从句起补充、修饰、说明的作用。简单句 + 引导词 + 简单句主语+谓语（动）+宾语（名/代）+ 引导词+ 主语+谓语（动）+宾语（名/代）2定语从句：在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的句子。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句放于先行词之后。引导定语从句的词做叫关系词。3关系词：放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。分为：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose；关系副词：where, when, why.4关系词“that” “who”的用法：“that”既可用于先行词指人时，也可用于先行词指物时。（如在从句中作宾语可省）。如：This a book that is interesting .“who”只用于先行词指人时。（在从句中作宾语时，可用whom代替）如：He is a student who works hard everyday.3.I like music that I can dance to 。（music是先行词;that是关系词可省；that I can dance to是定语从句，用来修饰先行词music）4. Li Ming likes music thats quiet and gentle.5. I love friend who/that is outgoing.6. He prefers music that has great lyrics.（从句谓语要与先行词一致）7. I love places where the people are friendly. 我喜欢人们友好的地方。(where 关系副词，引导定语从句)8.词组：prefer=like better 更喜欢； prefer A to B. 同B相比更喜欢A，如：I prefer dogs to cats； prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事，如：I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着；prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事；along with 伴随 同 一道；dance to sth. 随着某物跳舞 ； remind sb. of sb./sth. 提醒 使记起；be sure to do 一定做某事 肯定做某事 ；on display/show 展览； stay away from 远离 ；to be honest 老实说； even if=even though甚至； suit sb fine 很适合某的意； be in agreement 意见一致 ； come and go来来去去。 Unit7 Where would you like to visit1. A: Where would you like to go on vacation?B1: Id like to go somewhere relaxing/interesting.B2: Id love to visit Japan.B3: I hope to go to France some day.B4: I want to go to Beijing some day.2.词组：hope to do 希望做某事，如：I hope to have a good job in the future.hope (that) + 从句 希望.如：I hope that I can get good grades.consider doing考虑做某事； provide sb. with sth = provide sth for sb.给某人提供某物； be /go away离开；continue doing = go on doing 继续做某事；according to根据； dream of/about 幻想; hear of/about听见、听说； think of/about思考、认为； be willing to do 愿意做某事 hold on to sth. 坚持、不放弃 某物； outdoor activities户外运动；quite a few =many/ a lot of/ plenty of相当多，不少；one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) ； some day 有一天(指将来)Unit 8 Ill clean up in the city park.1动词短语：由动词后加介词或副词构成。（表达一种特定含义，是一个整体）1）及物动词短语：a.动词+介词（无论宾语是代词或名词，一律放于介词之后）如：look for; look after; take after; wait for; pay for; ask for; come from; hear from; think of; hear of /about; depend on等b.动词+副词如：cheer up; clean up; set up; put up; cut up; fix up; give out; give away; write down等为动副短语，名词作宾语放词组后；代词作宾语，放词组中间。c. 动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出 ; run out of 用完，耗尽; think up with想出等d. 动词+名词+介词 如：take part in参加; pay attention to 注意、留心；take care of; make fun of取笑2）不及物动词短语：a.动词+副词 如：get up; come back; look out； run away等b.动词+名词 如：take place; make friends ; take notes.2. He looks sad, lets cheer him up. =make sb happier.3. Were going to set up a food bank to help hungry people. =establish=start.4.We need to come up with some ideas.=think up 5.词组：cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作； hand ou分发； give out分发； give away 赠送 、捐赠； come up with= think up 提出 想出；catch up with赶上 追上；put off doing推迟做某事； put on穿上 (指过程) ；put up张贴； call up 打电话；set up成立 建立；put to use 把 投入使用，利用；not only but (also) 不但 而且 用来连接两个并列的成分 neither nor即不也不 (两者都不)either or 不是就是 (两者中的一个)；run away逃跑; take after 与(父母等)相像; be similar to =look like与.相像; work out 算出 、 产生结果 ; help sb. out 帮助某人解决困难Unit 9 When was it invented?1. A: When was the car invented? B: It was invented in 1885.2. A: Who were they invented by? B: They were invented by Julie.3. A: What are they used for? B: Theyre used for seeing in the dark.4词组：.by mistake 错误地； by accident 意外 偶然； according to +名词 根据 ；fall into 落入 掉进； fall down 摔倒；in the way 这样； in the sixth century 在第6世纪； since then 自从那以后（ 常与完成时 态连用）； divide sth. into 将划分成.；. knock into 撞上(某人)；quite 非常 adv：与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面 如： quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩very 非常 adv：与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面 如：a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如： I am very happy= I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。get/be used to sth.习惯于某事 I wash clothes everyday. But Im used to it.get/be used to doing sth习惯于做某事 I am used to washing clothes.be used to do sth 被用于做某事 The knives are used to cut things.be used for doing sth被用于做某事 The knives are used for cutting things.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 She used to watch TV after school.Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.1. 过去完成时 1)用法：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它所表示发生在“过去的过去”。2) 谓语构成：助动词had + 过去分词 3) 标志词：表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示也可以用when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来表示 还可以通过上下文暗示。4）句型：肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其它.否定句：主语+hadnt+过去分词+其它.一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其它？答：Yes,主语+had./ No,主语+hadnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+ had+主语+过去分词+其它?2. By the time he got here, the bus had left. 3. When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home.4词组：by the time 直到时候；get dressed穿衣; dress up装扮；move across横穿；表示“把某物遗忘在某处”用 leave + 地点 ，而不是forget+地点；;come by经过、走过； on time 按时 准时；in time 及时 ；give sb. a ride 让某搭便车 ；only just 刚刚好、恰好 ；go off (闹钟)发出响声；break down 停止运转、不工作； show up 出现 出席 ; stay up 熬夜、不睡觉；set off 激起 出发；set up 建立； flee from=escape from 从逃跑 避开； get married to sb =marry sb与某人结婚； Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?1.宾语从句：在复合句中，用来做主句谓语动词、形容词或介词宾语的句子。2宾语从句的引导词：1）宾语从句是陈述意义时，用that引导。（that 可省） 如：He said that I was hard-working. I think that I can get good grades.2)宾语从句是特殊疑问意义时，用疑问词引导，表示特殊疑问意义。如：关系代词：that, which, who, whom ,whose ；关系副词：where, when, why. how.如：Do you know what he wants to buy?Can you tell me how I can get to school?3) 宾语从句表示一般疑问意义，用if/wether(是否)引导。如： I dont know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. Nobody knows if it will rain tomorrow.3.宾语从句的语序：无论宾语从句的主句是陈述句还是疑问句，也无论主从句中间用什么引导词，宾语从句一律用陈述语序。即语序为：“连接词+ 主语+ 谓语”构成。即谓语（包括助动词、be动词、情态动词一律在主语之后，如宾语从句是一般现在时和一般过去时的特殊疑问句时，宾从中无助动词do/does或did）4.宾语从句的时态1）当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态。 He says that he was at home. 他说他在家里。2）当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。I didnt know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework.5.词组： hand in 上交、提交、呈送； go past路过、走过；in a way 在某种程度说；in order to do 为了做；问路常用的句子： Do you know where is ? Do you know where the school is? Can you tell me how can I get to ? Could you tell me how to get to ？Unit 12 You are supposed to shake hands.1.A: What are you supposed to do when you study at school? B: We are supposed to study hard every day.2.When were you supposed to arrive? B:I was supposed to arrive at 7:00.3.You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.4词组：shake hands握手; drop by 顺便/偶然拜访；on time 按时；after all 毕竟、终究；make a toast 敬酒；point at 指make( a )noise发出令人不愉快的声音；.go out of ones way to do 特意/专门做某事；learnby oneself 自学； face to face 面对面； cant stop doing 忍不住做某事find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 情态动词现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做Unit 13Rainy days make me sad.1.make1）实义动词：做、制作、赚等。 如：make a noise , make mistakes ;make money; make the bed等。2）使役动词：译为“使得、迫使。”用于固定结构：即：make sb/sth do sth 使某人/物做某事make sb/sth +adj 使某人/物保持某种状态如：Sad movies make her want to leave. Loud music makes me tense. Waiting for him made me angry.2词组：to start with首先；after all毕竟、终究；at times有时; aim at瞄准、针对; for instance/example例如; keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事。Unit 14 Have you packed yet?1. A:Have you watered the plants yet? B: No, I havent.2. A:Have you packed the camera yet? B: Yes. Ive already put it in my suitcase.3.A:Have you fed the cat ？ B: No, I havent fed her yet.4yet：还、已经。用于完成时的否定句（还）和疑问句（已经）句末。already:已经。用于完成时的肯定句。（助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前）5.词组：be/get ready for做好的准备； get back to sb过一会再与某人通话；clean out/up清除、把打扫干净； be off离开； so far=till now 到目前为止境; thanks to幸亏、由于 ； some day来日、有朝一日； in search of=search for搜寻；hardly=almost not 几乎没有； believe strongly坚信；all of全部； most of大多数； half of一半；some of一些；any of 任何一个；one of 一个；look forward to盼望、期待；get/be used to 习惯于；pay attention to 注意、留心其中to为介词，后接名词或动名词形式。Unit 15 We are trying to save the manatees!词组：care for关心、关怀; care about担心、关心; national flag国旗; pull down推倒、拆除；urge sb to do sth强烈要求某人做某事; be suitable for适合; in ones life在某人的生命中; in ones spare time在某人的空闲时间里; be against doing sth反对做某事; be made of/be made from 由制成;how far多远; how often多久一次; how long多久; how soon多久以后; how old多大年纪 ; how many/how much多少; 草药how wide多宽； how big多大。二、同近义词、词组区分：1、花费：spend、pay、cost、take 主语是人：Sb. spend time/money on sth. 某人花了（时间、金钱）在某事上。 Sb. spend time/money in doing sth. 某人花了（时间、金钱）做某事。主语是人：Sb. pay money for sth. 某人为某物花了钱。主语是物：Sth. cost sb money 某物花了某人钱。主语是It : It takes/took sb time/money to do sth. 花某人（时间、金钱）做某事。2、穿:dress 、have sth. on 、 wear 、put on have sth. on表示穿戴的状态。He had a straw hat on. 他戴了一顶草帽。wear表示穿戴的状态。She likes to wear the light green dress. 她喜欢穿浅绿色的衣服。put on表示穿戴的动作。Youd better put on your overcoat before going out .出门之前你最好穿上大衣。dress既表动作也表状态。The mother is dressing her baby.母亲正给她的婴儿穿衣服。3、too much, too many, much tootoo much + 不可数名词。如：too much homework太多的家庭作业。too many + 可数名词复数。如：too many trees太多的树木much too + 形容词。如：too much hot 太热了4、alone, lonelyalone表示“单独，独自一个人，强调客观状态，作表语或状语用。Though I am alone, I am not lonely. 虽然我孤独一人，但我并不感到寂寞。lonely表示“孤独寂寞”，强调主观感觉，具有浓厚感情色彩，作定语和表语。另外说明特点时还有“人迹稀少的”，“荒凉的”意思。He was taken to a lonely house. 他被带到一个荒无人烟的房子内。5、寻找:find , look for，find outfind指寻找的结果，即“找到“。例如：Have you / found your pen ? 你找到你的钢笔了吗？look for 指寻找的动作或过程，是find之前的寻找过程,例如：What are you looking for ? 你在找什么？。find out查明 指经过一番努力最终找到，多用于复杂而不易直接查出的情况。例如：I found out why she left her job.我查出她辞掉工作的原因。6、携带、运送:bring , take , fetch , get , carrybring是“带来”，从另外一个地方把东西带到说话的地方来。例如：Dont forget to bring a dictionary with you . 别忘了把辞典带来。take是“带去”，从说话的地方把东西拿到另外的一个地方。例如：Please take the small blackboard to the classroom 请把这块小黑板带到教室去。fetch是“去取”，“去拿来”，从说话的地方出发到另外一个地方，然后将东西拿到说话的地方例如：Please fetch me some chalk .请给我拿些粉笔来。carry表示运送，暗含东西“重”。没有明确的方向。例如：The bus can carry 30 passengers.这种公交车限乘30名乘客。7、说、讲：speak, say, talk, tellspeak：说某种语言；speak English say ：后面要跟所说的内容 ；talk ：谈论，常与about/with/to连用 ； tell：讲述，吩咐。如： tell a story 讲故事8、到达：reach, arrive, get to reach是及物动词，后直接加宾语;arrive是不及物动词，后要跟介词才能加宾语，arrive in+大地点，arrive at+小地点; get后跟地点时用to连接，即get to +某地9、声音：noise, sound, voicenoise指的是人们不愿听到的噪声;sound泛指可以听到的声音;voice则指说话和唱歌的嗓音。10、家：family ,house, homefamily重指家庭，家庭成员，与居住的居住的房子无关；house的意思是房屋，住宅;home的意思是家，主要是指一个人出生的地方，也有家乡故乡之意，它具有house没有的感情色彩。11、how long, how soon, how often, how far.how long多久、多长时间。常用for+一段时间，since+点时间来回答。how soon多快、多久以后。对短暂动作的提问，用于一般将来时,in+一段时间的回答。how often多久一次，提问频率，常用one/twice/three times a week等的回答。how far多远，对距离的提问。如：How far is it?12、大声、响亮：aloud、loud、loudly aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。13、other、others、the other、the others、anotherother指其它的、别的。作形容词,修修饰单数名词。others指其它的人或物，不指全部。the other指两者中的另 z一个，常与one连用。the others指一定范围内的其余人或物的全部，即剩下的全部。another泛指三个或三个以上的人和物中的另一个。14、多的：many、much、a lot of、lots of 都表示多。many只修饰可数名词的复数，much只修饰不可数名词，a lot of和lots of既可修饰可数名词复数也可修饰不可数名词。15、少的：few、a few、little、a littlefew、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思，few、a few修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。三、词形转化1、动词变名词：（1）play玩、打- player运动员；report报道-reporter记者；work工作-worker工人； build建造-builder建设者-building建筑物； travel旅行-traveler旅行者； wait等待-waiter服务员；teach教-teacher教师； sing唱-singer歌手； read读-reader 读者； run跑-runner跑步者； swim游泳-swimmer 游泳者（2）write写-writer作者；drive驾驶-driver驾驶员； dance跳舞-dancer 舞蹈家（3）act表演-actor演员；visit参观-visitor参观者； collect收藏-collector收藏者-collection-收藏品；invent发明-inventor发明者（指人）-invention发明（指物）（4）predict预言-prediction预言、预测；decide决定-decision决定suggest建议-suggestion建议； educate教育 -education教育；discuss讨论（动）- discussion讨论（名）2、动词变为形容词surprise惊奇-surprised惊奇的； injure受伤-injured受伤的； worry担心-worried担心的； organize组织-organized有组织的-organization（名词）组织3、词（天气）变（天气）形容词sun太阳-sunny 晴朗的； wind风-windy多风的； cloud云-cloudy多云的； snow雪-snowy有雪的； rain雨-rainy多雨的 luck幸运（名词）-lucky幸运的（形容词）-luckily幸运地（副词）-unlucky 不幸的 -unluckily不幸地 ；health健康（名词）-healthy健康的（形容词）-unhealthy 不健康的；noise声音（名词）-noisy 噪杂的（形容词）； 4、形容词变副词（形容词+ly构成副词）happy高兴的-happily高兴地； clear清晰的-clearly清晰地； angry生气的-angrily生气地；easy容易的- easily容易地；heavy重的-heavily 猛烈地；careful小心的-carefully小心地；polite有礼貌的-politely有礼貌地；possible可能的-possibly可能地；impossible不可能的-impossibly不可能地；terrible可怕的-terribly可怕地；brave勇敢的-bravely勇敢地；quick迅速的-quickly迅速地；strong强壮的-strongly强壮地；late晚的-lately晚地、最近；deep深的-deeply深深地； high高的-highly高地； wide宽的-widely广泛地；freedom自由free自由的、免费-freely自由地；real真实的-really真实地； success（名）成功-succeed动）成功-successful成功的-successfully成功地； wonder奇迹-wonderful美好的-wonderfully美好地 5、名词后+ful构成形容词：beauty美丽-beautiful美丽的-beautifully美丽地；