93-94英语翻译.doc

考研阅读精读笔记（93-94）1993Passage OneL:critical a.重要的，关键的；批评的，批判的starve v.饿；饿死drastic a.极端的；有力度的；严厉的mother tongue 母语infant n.婴儿capacity n.能力；容量severe a.严重的；严厉的nevertheless = nonetheless conj. 尽管如此insensitive to A 对A不敏感signal n./v. 信号；发信号Sb is programmed to do. 某人天生能做neglect vt.忽略 negligence n. negligent a.ideal a./n.理想的；理想stage n.阶段；舞台eventually ad.最终turn out to be 结果证明是command n./v.命令；指挥；掌握style n.风格sight n.视觉；看到；视力feel n.触觉toy n.玩具pattern n.模式，样式，方式；规律incredible a.不可思议的，难以置信的mixture n.混合；混合物induce vt.诱导，引诱grasp n./v.抓；抓住；掌握respond to A 对A做出反应/回应dull a.迟钝；枯燥 vt.使迟钝discourage vt.使灰心discouraged a.灰心的，沮丧的verbal a.语言的purpose n.目的at once 突然；立刻inadequately ad.不充分的，不够的 inadequate elligent a.聪明的exceptionally ad.格外，特别remarkable a.非凡，不寻常owe A to B 把A归因于B；有了A是因为Bfaculty n.能力；全体教师；系，院inborn a.天生的anything butselective a.选择性的；选择的 select v.definite a.明确的；具体的necessarily ad.必然，必定not necessarily 未必，不见得，不一定S:such A as B 像B这样的AToday no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick.分析：such severe lack as that ordered by FrederickA：severe lack B: that ordered by Frederick，其中that指代前面的lack介词as引导的介宾短语，作名词lack的后置定语，但因为lack作句子的主语，为了避免头重脚轻，名词和介宾短语被谓语动词exists分割开了。翻译：今天，再不存在像Frederick下命令所造成的那种严重的匮乏。What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear”.与猴子的大脑相比，关于人的大脑的特殊之处，是一个复杂的系统，这个系统能让一个小孩把，比如说，对一个玩具熊的视觉和触觉，与“toy-bear”这个单词的发音模式联系起来。And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.更不可思议的是，小孩的大脑有能力从他周围混杂的声音中选出语言的秩序，有能力进行分析，有能力以新的方式对词和句进行组合与重新组合。W:be incapable of 不能Those saying no to books will be incapable of adapting to the information era.那些不读书的人将不能适应信息时代。be exposed to A 接触AVia the Internet, we can be exposed to infinite information.通过互联网，我们可以接触到无限的信息。Passage TwoL:giant a.巨大的 n.巨人enterprise n.企业；事业；上进心bureaucratic a.官僚的management n.管理层；管理machinery n.机器；体系ventilate v.使通风 vent n.孔psychologist n.心理学家psychology n.心理学blue-collar worker 蓝领工人white-collar worker 白领工人puppet n.傀儡；木偶dance to the sth 随着sth的节奏起舞automated = automatic a.自动的，自动化的employee n.雇员 employer n.雇主；用人单位confront vt.直面，面对fundamental a.基本的emotionally ad.情感，从感情上讲 emotional a. emotion ellectually ad.智力，从智力上讲 intellectual ductive a.有创造力的；多产的ladder n.阶梯；梯子insecure a.不安全的；不牢固的；有忧虑的secure a. 安全的；牢固的；无忧虑的 security mote vt.提拔；促进；促销fall behind 落后apply for sth 为了sth而申请，申请以得到sthintelligence n.智力；情报，消息as well as (作连词)和；(作介词)除了submissive a.屈服的，顺从的，服从的 submission n. submitfrom that moment on 从那一刻起superior n.上级 a.优越的，优秀的，上级的subordinate n.下级 a.从属的，次一级的sociability n.好交际，善于交际 sociable a.fellow competitor 竞争对手fellow students 同学fellow workers 同事fellow soldiers 战友very a.(作名词前置定语，表示强调)preindustrial a.工业化之前的mode n.模式，形式capitalism n.资本主义 capitalist a. 资本主义的 n.资本家outgrow vt.因长大而不再拥有；因长大而穿不上transform A into B 把A变成Btransform sth from A into B 把sth从A变为Bindustrialism n.工业化；工业社会maximal a.最大量的，最大化的 maximum n.consumption n.消费；消耗 consume vt.humanist a./n.人文主义，人道主义，人本主义potentiality = potential n.潜能reason n.理性 vt.推理end n.目的；终点；末段render vt. 让，使；演奏，表演；提出；提供；翻译be in harmony with A 与A处于和谐状态humble a.卑微smooth a.平滑，光滑；顺利genuine a.真正的individuality = personality n.个性resort to A = turn to A 求助于A，诉诸Aancestor n.祖先take A for granted 认为A是理所应当的，想当然approval n.同意；批准 approve v.suspicion n.怀疑 suspicious a. suspect v.S：They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.他们生生死死，从来没有作为在情感上和智力上独立且富有创造力的人，去直面过人类生存的那些基本现实。A is no less adj. than B. A和B一样adj. （强调对形容词的肯定）A is no more adj. than B. A和B一样都不adj. （强调对形容词的否定）A is no less poor than B. A和B一样穷。A is no more rich than B. A和B一样都不富。I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of love and of reason are the aims of all social arrangements.我建议把我们的社会体系，从一种官僚管理的工业社会，变为一种人性化的工业社会，在官僚管理的工业社会中，最大量的生产和消费本身就是目的，而在人性化的工业社会中，人和人潜能的充分发展 爱与理性的潜能 是所有社会安排的目的。W：A is deprived of B. A被剥夺了B。/A失去了B。Some children in disadvantaged circumstances are deprived of the chance to receive education.有些穷人家的孩子失去了上学的机会。A is likely to do . A可能做.Water shortage is likely to become worse. 水短缺可能会变得更严重。be bored with A 对A感到厌烦He is bored with the 9-5 lifestyle.他很厌烦那种朝九晚五(早九点上班，下午五点下班，指普通人的生活)的生活方式。It is a matter of . 这是个.的问题It is a matter of life and death. 这是个生与死的问题。Passage ThreeL：courses of action 做法publish vt.公布；出版patent vt.为.申请专利 n.专利grant vt.授予make/seal/strike a bargainstate n.州，国家；状态，情形monopoly n.垄断；专用；专卖terminate v.终止，终结exceptional a.例外的，独特的；杰出的circumstances n.环境span n.跨度 v.跨越extension n.延长 extend v.circuitry n.电路；循环，巡回环路；reward n./v.回报，奖励permanently ad.永久地，永远地 permanent a.shelf n.架子A attached/affiliated to B 附属于B的AMiddle School Attached to Peking University 北大附中literally ad.（常用于表示强调，无实际含义）conduct vt.进行，实施；引导，指挥live a.活的；实况的，现场的a sure way 一个有效的方法violation n.侵犯；违反 violate v.plagiarize v.剽窃 plagiarism n.likewise ad.相同地invalidate vt.使无效validate vt.使有效further a.更进一步的print n./v.印刷technological a.技术的 technology n.advance n./v.进步presumption n.假设，假定 presume v.those involved in sth 卷入sth的那些人，与sth有关系的那些人closely ad.密切的As reduction to B = the reduction of A to B A向B的转化/转变reduce A to B 使A转化为Bnecessity n.必要；必要性 necessary a.dedication n.贡献 dedicate vt.availability n.可获得性，可用性；获得的可能性 available a.magnetic a.磁的，磁性的 magnet n.磁铁date back to 可以追溯到original a.原创的，最初的 origin n.根源，起源originate from 起源于rear a./n.后面，后部anticipate vt.预测，预计，预期 anticipation n.cart n.马车；手推车an approach to sth 做sth的方法the application for sth 对sth的申请the application of sth 对sth的使用the access to sth 对sth的接近/获取/使用publicize vt.宣传，广告last vi. 持续prior to = before 在.之前unusually ad.不寻常地TV station 电视台recommend v.推荐；建议 recommendation n.S:Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent.因为在一个专利终止后，它会永久保持公开性，所以专利局下属图书馆的书架上，有数以百万计的创意的细节，这些细节任何人可以免费使用，并且，如果它们的时间超过半个世纪，有时甚至可以再以它们去申请专利。advise sb that 给某人以.建议Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventors right is to plagiarize a dead patent.的确，任何人想要避免对有效专利进行调查所产生的高昂成本，专利专家们会给他一个建议，即避免侵犯任何其他发明者权利的一个有效方式就是，盗用一个失效的专利。It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money.正是它们向商业实践的转化才产生了新闻和钱，这种转化，要么是因为必要，要么是因为贡献，再要么是因为新技术能够被获得。1994Passage OneL:organize vt.组织private a.私人的，个人的market-oriented a.以市场为导向的largely ad. 主要地，在很大程度上marketplace n.市场strive to do 努力做profit n.利润in competition with sb 在与sb的竞争中motive n.动机operate v.起作用；运行；操作competitive a.竞争的；竞争性的；竞争激烈的individual a./n.个体的；个体consumer n.消费者desire n./v.愿望；欲望maximize vt.最大化resources n.资源mechanism n.构造，结构；体制，机制in response to sth 作为对sth的反应/回应relative a.相对的；比较，相当demand n./v.需求；要求supply n./v.供应；提供in short supply 供应不足relative to A 与A相比较/相对应；与A有关bid v./n.竞标，投标be bid up （指价格等）被抬升eliminate v.去除，消除；淘汰commodity =goods n.商品in turn 反过来permit sb to do 允许sb做regulate v.调整own = possess vt.拥有productive resources 生产资料property n.财产hire = employ vt.雇；雇佣gain control over A 获得对A的控制natural resources 自然资源concept n.概念embrace vt.包括；拥抱contract n.合同 v.收缩be satisfied with A 对A满意overstate v.夸大；多报understate v.轻描淡写；少报purchase v./n.购买purchasing power 购买力mechanized a.机械化的A is characterized by B. A的特点是B。The Chinese people are characterized by modesty. 中国人的特点是谦虚。A concerned = A involved 所涉及到的Athose involved 所涉及到的那些人，相关人士manpower n.人力work vi.起作用，发挥作用Passage TwoL:at least 最少，至少at most 最多，至多issue v.发放；发出 n.问题credit n./v.信用；信誉；信贷；相信；表扬，赞扬；面子，荣誉；学分credit card 信用卡at home 在家；在国内across the country 在全国as well = too 也withdraw v.抽回；收回；提取 withdrawal n.deposit v./n.存放；沉淀scatter v.分散location n.方位；地方locate v.定位；找到branch n.分行，分支机构，分公司on the horizon 即将出现while conj.当.的时候；尽管，虽然；而，然而convenience n. 方便，便利 convenient a.electronic a.电子的cash register 现金出纳机，现金记录仪a wide range of 许多keep track of 跟踪，随时了解list n.名单，清单item n.项目；物品order v./n.订购；订单efficient a.有效率的，高效的personnel n.人员；人事部门staff n.人员，职员 v.定员；是.的职员assignment n.分配，分派，安排 assign v.accordingly ad.因此，据此identify v.识别，辨认preferred customer 首选的顾客promotion(al) campaign 促销活动rely on 依赖manufacturer n.生产商 manufacture n./v.生产analyze v.分析 analysiscomputer-analyzed a.经过计算机分析的marketing n.营销emphasize v.强调；重视 emphasis n.develop products 开发产品stock n.供应；库存；股票in stock 库存中的raw a.生的；未加工的raw material 原材料process n.过程 v.加工，处理numerous a.众多的commercial a.商业的 n.商业广告utilities n.公用事业企业processor n.加工者，处理者obtain v.获得cash v.把.兑换成现金pay in cash 用现金支付make an order of sth = order 订购automation n.自动化S:allow sb to do 允许sb做；使sb有可能做/能够做This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving.这些信息，通过表现哪些货物正被出售以及它们的出售速度，从而使商人们能够随时了解货物清单。At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.同时，这些电脑记录哪几个小时最忙，以及哪些员工效率最高，据此能使企业做出相应的人事安排。W:enjoy great trust from sb 得到sb的信任It is now more convenient to do . than before. 现在做.比以前更加方便。With cell phones, it is now more convenient to communicate than before.有了手机，现在通讯比以前更加方便。approaches to sth 或 approaches to doing sth 做sth的方法approaches to learning English 学英语的方法Sth can do much more than do . sth的作用不仅仅是.The Internet can do much more than providing us with information.互联网的作用不仅仅是给我们提供信息。Passage ThreeL:exceptional children 智障儿童in some significant way 在某个重要的方面be adapted to A 适应Aadapt A to B 让A适应Bfocus on 聚焦于，集中于environment n.环境leading actor 主演capture v./n.抓住；捕获capture ones attention 吸引某人的注意力be aware of 意识到supporting player 配角scenery n.风景；舞台背景be the key to sth 是sth的关键pass on 传承prejudice n./v.偏见central values 核心价值观democratic a.民主的 democracy n.phrase n.短语，表达founder n.建立者，创建者 found vt.denote = mean v.意味着，意思是the right of sb to do sb做.的权利the right of sb to sth sb得到sth的权利confirm vt.确认；证实appropriate a.合适的modify v.修饰；修改，改变program n./v.计划，项目；节目，节目单；程序；课程instruction n.教导，教学；指令；说明 instruct v.cite vt.引用 citation n.normal a.正常的 norm n.标准；规范receive much concern 得到很多关注necessity n.必要，必要性state vt.陈述，表明 statement n.exert vt.施加，运用S:The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.在过去三十年，在公共教育方面所表现出的、对智障儿童的巨大兴趣，表明了我们社会中的一种强烈情感，即所有公民，不管他们的特殊状况是什么，都应该得到充分发展他们能力的机会。W:A weighs much heavier than B. A比B重要的多。Health weighs much heavier than wealth. 健康比财富重要的多。fully develop ones potentials 充分发展/发挥一个人的潜能/潜力A good job is one which can fully develop our potentials.一个好的工作是能够充分发挥我们的潜能的工作。deserve special consideration 应该得到特殊关照/照顾Those in disadvantaged circumstances should deserve special consideration.弱势群体应该得到特殊关照。A exerts great influence over B. A对B有巨大的影响。College life exerts great influence over everyones values.大学生生活对每个人的价值观都有巨大的影响。A has much to do with B. A与B有很大关系。Global warming has much to do with human activities. 全球变暖与人类的活动有很大关系。Passage FourL:by the end of 到(某一时间段)结束时in detail 详细地arise v.(arose, arisen)出现，产生micro a.微小的microbiologist n.微生物学家expert on sth sth方面的专家caution vt.警告 n.小心，谨慎once conj. 一旦；一次cure n.治疗方法，治疗 v.治愈infection n.感染；传染 infectious a. infect v.survive v.生存；保留；在.之后还活着/存在 survival n.institute n.机构；学院estimate v./n.估计figure n.数字，数目statistics n.数据discouraging a.令人沮丧的as many as 多达variety n.变体；多样in existence （作名词后置定语）现存的make great progress 取得巨大的进步cosmic = universal a.宇宙的 cosmos = universe n.宇宙radiation n.辐射 radiate v.diet n.饮食activate vt.激活cell n.细胞mysterious a.神秘的 mystery n.迷likelihood = possibility n.可能性 likely a.可能的initiate vt.使进入；使开始，着手 initiation n.evolutionary a. 进化的；进化论的 evolution n. evolve v.point out 指出prospect n.前景determine v.确定；决定counteract v.对抗；抵消disclose v.揭示；揭露indicate v.表明imply v.暗示 implication n.in operation 起作用；在运行so long as = as long as 只要turn off 关；关闭ever-present 永远存在的W:suffer from a disease 患病，得病those suffering from swine flu 得了猪流感的人There is still a long way to go before . 在.之前还有很长的路要走。There is still a long way to go before everyone becomes aware of the problem.在人们意识到这个问题之前，还有很长的路要走。Passage FiveL:discovery n.发现 discover v.blind vt.使失明；使晕眩；使未能意识到dramatic a.戏剧化的；戏剧的Sir n.爵士legend n.传奇；传说Legend has it that . 据传说mold n./v.霉菌；铸模；铸造；塑造penicillin n.青霉素experiment with A 用A做实验antibacterial a.抗菌的substance n.物质innovation n