人教版八年级英语上册第一单元知识详解.doc

人教版八年级英语上册第一单元知识详解Unit 1How often do you exercise?单元知识详解 考点扫描： 一）习惯用语：watch TV 看电视go to the movies去看电影on weekends在周末hardly ever 几乎不how often 多久一次once a week 一周一次twice a month一月两次do homework做家庭作业the result of的结果as for至于，对于junk food 垃圾食品be good/bad for 对有益/害eating habits 饮食习惯try to do sth.尽力做某事lots of=a lot of许多of course/Sure当然come home from school从学校来到家look after=take care of 照看；照顾a healthy lifestyle一种健康的生活方式be the same as和相同be different from和不同want to do sth.想要做某事want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事make a big difference 有很大不同keep healthy = stay healthykeep in good health =keep fit 保持健康surf the Internet上网get good grades取得好成绩 二）重点句型： 1.What does she do on weekends? 她在周末常干什么？2.She often goes to the movies. 她经常去看电影。3.I watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视。4.We often surf the Internet.我们经常上网。5.I read English books about twice a week. 我大约一周两次看英语书。6.I shop once a month. 我每月购物一次。7.She says its good for my health. 她说这对我的健康有利。8.How often do you eat junk food? 你多久一次吃垃圾食品？9.I look after my health. 我照看我的健康。10.My eating habits are pretty good. 我的饮食习惯相当好。三）交际用语：What do you usually do on weekends?I usually play soccer.What do they do on weekends?They often go to the movies.What does he do on weekends?He sometimes watches TV.How often do you shop?I shop once a month.How often does Cheng watch TV?He watches TV twice a week. 四）主题写作：提供出一些信息,让你写一篇关于你或者别人的生活习惯及其影响. 词语点击：1.exercise:eks?saiz1）作可数名词用，“练习，习题，体操，功课，操练”等,常用复数。Im doing my exercises.我在做练习/功课。Doing morning exercises is helpful to our health.做早操对我们的健康是有益的。2）作不可数名词用，“锻炼，运动”。You are weak because of the lack of exercise.你身体弱是因为缺少锻炼。Take more exercise,and you will be healthy.多多锻炼，你会健康的。3）作动词用，“训练，锻炼”。You must exercise yourself in order to be stronger and healthier.为了更健康更强壮，你必须锻炼自己。You dont exercise enough.你锻炼不够。作不及物动词作动词用还有“履行职责，行使全力”等意思。You must exercise your own duty.你必须履行你自己的职责。 2.hardly: h:dli 1）副词adv.hardly 是几乎不, hard 也可是副词,“努力地,猛烈地 ”2）hardly 是位于句首时,句子要用倒装.如:Hardly did I believe what you said. 我几乎不相信你说的话.Hardly did I arrive at the railway station when the train started.我一到火车站,火车就开走了.3）句子中有 hardly 时,其反意疑问句的疑问部分应该用肯定形式. 如:He can hardly understand it ,can he ? 他几乎听不懂,是吗?hardly ever 很少(几乎从不,难得)例句与用法:My grandfather loves his island. He hardly ever sets foot in the city.我祖父热爱他那个小岛，他几乎从不进城来。He hardly ever (very seldom) goes to bed before midnight.他很少在午夜以前就寝.（同学们要记住：早睡早起是“一”个好习惯啦！Going to bed early and getting up earlyisa good habit.）3.ever:ev?ever用作副词，意为“曾经、以前”DidyoueverseetheUFO？你还见到过飞碟？Whenyouwereworkingthere，didyou evermeetaforeigner？你在那里工作时曾见过外国人吗？4.once:w?ns1）副词adv. 一次I have been there once.我到过那儿一次。I see them once every two months.我每两个月与他们见一次面。2) 连接词conj.一旦,一经.便Once you get into a bad habit, youll find it hard to get out of it.一旦染上坏习惯,想改掉就难了。5.twice:twais副词 adv.:两次,两回; 两倍。He comes to work twice a week. 他每周来上两次班。The dining-room is twice as big as the kitchen. 餐厅是厨房的两倍大。6.active:?ktiv形容词adj.活跃的;活泼的Mrs. Brown is over 80 and not very active now.布朗太太已八十多岁,现在不大活动了。提示：active的名词形式为activity，意为“活动”。7.about:?baut1)副词 adv.大约;几乎John is about the same age as Tom.约翰和汤姆的年龄相仿。2)介词 prep. 关于,对于My mother often spoke to me about you.家母过去常和我谈起你。8.milk:milk1)名词n.乳; 牛奶（不可数名词）You have to keep watching to prevent the milk from boiling over.你要看住, 不要让牛奶溢出来。2)动词v. & vi.产奶; 挤奶The cow is milking heavily.这头奶牛出奶率很高。9.drink:dri?k1）动词 vt. & vi.喝(酒), 饮I dont drink and Ive never played cards.我不喝酒, 也从不打牌。2）名词n.既可做可数名词，又可作不可数名词He likes a drink when he returns home from work.他喜欢下班回家后喝一杯酒。foodand drink食物和饮料10.health:hel名词n. 1)健康USmoking does harm to health. 吸烟有损健康。2.)健康状况UShe is in poor health.她身体不好。拓展：health的形容词为healthy，healthy的比较级为healthier最高级为healthiest,反义词为unhealthy。 11.habit: h?bit 名词n. 习惯, 习性。 Habit cures habit. 谚新习惯可以改掉旧习惯。 be in / have a habit of (doing sth.) 惯于, 有某种习惯His uncle has a bad habit of smoking.他的叔叔有一种抽烟的坏习惯。 12.try: trai 1）动词v.tried（过去式） trying（现在分词）tries（单数第三人称形式）试图，努力；努力做或完成（某事）。tried to ski.试着滑冰2）名词n.尝试，常用于短语have a try,等于have a go【拓展】try on 试穿（衣帽等）try ones best to do sth.尽最大力量做某事 13.same:seim 形容词adj.:同一的I live in the same house as he.我跟他同住一所房子。反义词为different。Same常与the连用,常见短语有： almost the same几乎一样 the same as 和一样 Thisisthesameskirtthatshewaswearingayearago. 这就是她一年前穿的那条裙子。 14.different: dif?r?nt 形容词adj.1) 不同的(+from) Their school is different from ours. 他们的学校与我们的不同。 That is quite a different matter. 那完全是另一码事。2. )各种的The delegates come from different parts of the world.代表们来自世界各地。它的名词形式为difference，形容词为differently. 15.although: ?:l?u 连接词conj.1)尽管, 虽然Although my car is very old, it still runs very well.我的汽车虽然很旧, 但仍然跑得很快2) 然而:I did not know that, although I learned it 【小提示】许多同学都知道，英语习惯上不能将汉语中的“虽然但是”直译为 although/though but。这两个词不能连用。如： 她虽然很穷，但没有失去她的尊严。误：Although she is very poor, but she has not lost her dignity. 正：Although she is very poor, she has not lost her dignity. 正：She is very poor, but she has not lost her dignity. 16.keep ki:p 动词v.:保持；使保持某种状态。首先这是一个系动词，后接形容词做表语，其次本词也是实义动词，无论后面的动词是作宾语或宾语补足语，都用动词-ing形式。例如： We kept working in the fields in spite of the rain.尽管下雨，我们还是坚持在地里干活。【拓展】keep构成的一些短语keep (sb.) away (from sth.)（使）某人离开（某物）keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止,妨碍;控制住(+from)（例如；Robbie couldnt keep the child from crying. 罗比没法使孩子不大叫大哭。）keep sth. in mind 记住（某事物）keep back 忍住（眼泪），扣下，隐瞒keep in touch with 与保持联系keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事keep off 远离，避开，让开keep up 保持（不低落），继续keep up with 跟上，不落在后面17.mustm?st情态动词modal v.1）(表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得You mustnt talk like that.你可不能这样说话。You must do as you are told.你必须遵嘱行事。We must be home by six. 我们必须在六点以前回家。2） (表示肯定的推测)一定,谅必,八成This must be your room.这一定是你的房间了。He must be eighty now.他现在八成有八十岁【注意】must还可以用来询问对方的意见，否定回答不用mustnt，要用neednt或dont have to,意思是“不必”。Must I hand in the homework today?我必须今天交家庭作业吗？No,you dont have to/neednt.不，你不必。18.less：les1）形容词 adj. (little的比较级)较小的,较少的+thanHe has less strength than I. 他力气比我小。2）副词 adv. (little的比较级)较小地,较少地;不如+thanThunderstorms are much less common in Ireland than in England.爱尔兰的雷雨远较英格兰为少Little的最高级为least,其后加不可数名词，与little,less,least相对应的反义词分别是much,more,most.【拓展】-less后缀1.(附在动词或名词之后的形容词词尾)表示无,没有(如: useless, homeless)2. (附在动词或名词之后的形容词词尾)表示不能(如:tireless孜孜不倦的)be tireless in teaching 诲人不倦火眼金睛：1.“多久”一相逢：How often do you visit your grandparents? Twicce a month.你多久去看一次你的（外）祖父母？每月两次。how often“多久一次”用来引导特殊疑问句，询问事情发生的频率。常用once a week,twice a month等来回答。例如：How often do you go swimming?Once a week.【拓展】how long“多长”，用来询问时间（对一段时间提问）或物体的长度。how far“多远”，用来询问距离。how soon“多久以后”，对以“in+一段时间”进行提问，常用于一般将来时。2.“兴趣”知多少？Iminterestedin the （interesting） book.我对这本（有意思的）书感兴趣。1）-ing形容词这类形容词可做定语或表语。做表语时，主语通常是事物，表示“令人的”。例如： exciting令人兴奋的surprising令人惊奇的boring令人讨厌的2）-ed形容词这类形容词常做表语，且主语是人，表示“（人）感到的”。例如：excited感到兴奋的surprised感到惊奇的bored感到厌烦的3.如何“示”好：be good for意为“对有益/有好处”。例如：Reading books is good for us.开卷有益【拓展】be good at意为“善于，擅长”，后接名词、代词或动名词。be good to意为“对友好”，一般后接表示人的名词。be good with意为“与相处得好”题例：Are you good_ sports and good _ children?A.for,withB.at,withC.to,atD.at,for【剖析】本句意为“你擅长于运动并能与孩子们相处得好吗？”，故答案选B.4.“帮助”得法：help sb.(to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，to也可省略。Help还可用于短语help sb. with sth.中，也意为“帮助某人做某事”。例如:Would you please help me (to) finish this task?Can you help me with this task? 两句意思都是：“你能帮我完成这项任务吗？”【拓展】cant help doing sth.意为“情不自禁地做某事”。例如：We cant help laughing after hearing the story.听完这个故事以后，我们情不自禁地笑了。但是：This book cant help to solve this problem.(黄冈中学预录题)（这本书不能帮助解决这个难题。）则是help (us)to do sth.的否定形式，不在此例。5.“经常”连连串：频率副词的用法：alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldom(极少) hardly evernever等频率副词用来表示某一动作或状态发生的频率。注意；它们可是按降幂排列的哦！1）频率副词用于一般现在时，它们常位于行为动词之前，be动词、情态动词及助动词之后，加强语气时放在句首。2）对它们提问时用how often.【拓展】hardly ever,never分别是否定意义的词组和副词，变反意疑问句时，疑问部分用肯定形式。例如： He hardly ever watches TV,does he?6.风云“聚”义厅：本单元重点句子释义集锦：1.How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（翻译：“你们多久到工厂去一次？”“每星期两次。”翻译：“他们多长时间举办一次舞会？”“通常每两周举办一次。”2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.3. “Whats your favorite program?” “Its Animal World.”“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .谈到家庭作业，绝大部分学生每天都要做。as for.意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：As for him，I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story，youd better not believe it.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .妈妈想我六点钟起床和她一起打乒乓球。翻译：老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。_ .6. She says its good for my health.她说这对我的健康有益。be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for.。（这里for 是 介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：翻译：多读书对我们有好处。_ .7. How many hours do you sleep every night? 你每晚睡几个小时？8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .我每天都要锻炼，通常在从家里到学校的途中。9. My eating habits are pretty good .我的饮食习惯相当好。这里pretty相当于very 。10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .我尽量多吃蔬菜，通常每周十到十一次。11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.健康的生活方式帮我保持好的精神状态。12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.好的饮食和锻炼帮我学得更好。这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?她的生活方式与你的一样还是不同呢？Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours?（ be the same as / be different from ）14. You must try to eat less meat .你必须尽量少吃肉。try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级15. That sounds interesting.这听起来很有有趣。这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell （闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good.这味道好。The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。（Keys:1.“How often do they have a dancing party?”“Usually, onceevery other week.”（every two weeks）2你周末通常做什么？我常去看电影。4.As for myself, I dont want to go now.5.The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.6.Its good for us to do more reading.）语法聚焦：一般现