AWL学术类词汇表 academic word list.doc

THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST (E - O)abandon v. go away from (a person or thing or place) not intending to return; forsake; desertabstract adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existenceacademy n. school for special trainingaccess n. means of approaching or entering (a place); way inaccommodate v. provide lodging or room foraccompany v. walk or travel with (sb) as a companion or helper; escortaccumulate v. gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of get (sth) in this wayaccurate adj. free from errorachieve v. gain or reach (sth), usu by effort, skill, courage, etcacknowledge v. accept the truth of admit (sth)acquire v. gain (sth) by ones own ability, efforts or behaviouradapt v. sth (for sth) make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sthadequate adj. satisfactory in quantity or quality; sufficientadjacent having a common endpoint or border also immediately preceding or followingadjust v. put (sth) into the correct order or position; arrangeadministrate v. to administeradult adj. grown to full size or strengthadvocate v. speak publicly in favour of (sth); recommend; supportaffect v. have an influence on (sb/sth); produce an effect onaggregate v. sb (fml ) be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amountaid n. helpalbeit conj. althoughallocate v. sth allot or assign sth (to sb/sth) for a special purposealter v. become different; change in character, position, size, shape, etcalternative adj. available in place of sth else; otherambiguous adj. having more than one possible meaningamend v. correct an error in (sth); make minor improvements in; change slightlyanalogy n. partial similarity between two things that are comparedanalyse v. separate into its parts in order to study its nature or structureannual adj. happening every yearanticipate v. expectapparent adj. clearly seen or understood; obviousappend v. sth (fml ) attach or add sth (esp in writing)appreciate v. understand and enjoy (sth); value highlyapproach v. come near or nearer to in space or timeappropriate adj. suitable; right and properapproximate adj. almost correct or exact but not completely soarbitrary adj. based on personal opinion or impulse, not on reasonarea n. extent or measurement of a surfaceaspect n. particular part or feature of sth being consideredassemble v. come together; collectassess v. sth decide or fix the amount of sthassign v. sth to sb give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be usedassist v. in/with sth; (sb) in doing sth (fml ) helpassume v. accept as true before there is proofassure v. tell (sb) positively or confidentlyattach v. sth fasten or join sth (to sth)attain v. succeed in getting (sth); achieveattitude n. way of thinking or behavingattribute v. sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb/sthauthor n. writer of a book, play, etcauthority n. power to give orders and make others obeyautomate v. cause to operate by automationavailable adj. that can be used or obtainedaware adj. of sb/sth; that. having knowledge or realization of sb/sthbehalf n. on behalf of sb/on sbs behalf; US in behalf of sb/in sbs behalf as the representative of or spokesman for sb; in the interest of sbbenefit n. profit; gain; future good (used esp with the vs and preps shown)bias n. opinion or feeling that strongly favours one side in an argument or one item in a group or series; predisposition; prejudicebond n. written agreement or promise that has legal force; covenantbrief adj. lasting only a short time; shortbulk n. size, quantity or volume, esp when greatcapable adj. having ability; able; competentcapacity n. ability to hold or contain sthcategory n. class or group of things in a complete system of groupingcease v. come or bring (sth) to an end; stopchallenge n. (to do sth) invitation or call (to sb) to take part in a game, contest, fight etc to prove who is better, stronger, more able, etcchannel n. sunken bed of a river, stream or canalchapter n. (usu numbered) division of a bookChart n. detailed map used to help navigation at sea, showing coasts, rocks, the depth of the sea, etcchemical adj. of or relating to chemistrycircumstance n. condition or fact connected with an event or actioncite quote; commendcivil adj. of or relating to the citizens of a countryclarify v. (cause sth to) become clear or easier to understandclassic adj. having a high quality that is recognized and unquestioned; of lasting value and importanceclause n. group of words that includes a subject1(4a) and a verb, forming a sentence or part of a sentencecode n. (system of) words, letters, symbols, etc that represent others, used for secret messages or for presenting or recording information brieflycoherent adj. connected logically or consistent; easy to understand; clearcoincide v. (of events) occur at the same time or occupy the same period of time as sth elsecollapse v. fall down or in suddenlycolleague n. person with whom one works, esp in a profession or businesscommence v. begin (sth); startcomment n. written or spoken remark giving an opinion on, explaining or criticizing (an event, a person, a situation, etc)commission n. action, task or piece of work given to sb to docommit v. do (sth illegal, wrong or foolish)commodity n. thing bought in a shop and put to use, esp in the homecommunicate v. sth make sth known; convey sthcommunity n. the community the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a wholecompatible adj. (of people, ideas, arguments, principles, etc) suited; that can exist togethercompensate v. for sth give (sb) sth good to balance or lessen the bad effect of damage, loss, injury,etc; compile v. sth (for/from sth) collect (information) and arrange it in a book, list, report, etccomplement n. thing that goes well or suitably with sth else, or makes it completecomplex adj. made up of (usu several) closely connected partscomponent n. any of the parts of which sth is madecompound n. thing made up of two or more separate things combined togethercomprehensive adj. that includes everythingcomprise v. have as parts or members; be made up ofcompute v. sth calculate sth with a computerconceive v. become pregnantconcentrate v. (sth) (on sth/doing sth) focus (ones attention, effort, etc) exclusively and intensely on sth, not thinking about other less important thingsconcept n. idea underlying sth; general notionconclude v. (with sth) (usu fml ) come or bring (sth) to an endconcurrent adj. existing, happening or done at the same timeconduct n. persons behaviourconfer v. (with sb) (on/about sth) have discussions (esp in order to exchange opinions or get advice)confine v. sb/sth keep (a person or an animal) in a restricted spaceconfirm v. provide evidence for the truth or correctness of (a report, an opinion, etc); establish the truth ofconflict n. struggle; fightconform v. keep to or comply with (generally accepted rules, standards, etc)consent v. give agreement or permissionconsequent adj. (fml ) following sth as a result or an effectconsiderable adj. great in amount or sizeconsist v. (phr v) consist of sth be composed or made up of sthconstant adj. going on all the time; happening again and againconstitute v. (fml ) make up or form (a whole); be the components ofconstrain v. make (sb) do sth by strong (moral) persuasion or by forceconstruct v. build (sth); put or fit together; formconsult v. sb/sth go to (a person, book, etc) for information, advice, etcconsume v. use (sth) upcontact n. state of touching (used esp with the vs shown)contemporary adj. of the time or period being referred to; belonging to the same timecontext writings preceding and following passage quotedcontract n. (for sth/to do sth) legally binding agreement, usu in writingcontradict v. say sth that conflicts with by (sb), suggesting that the person is mistaken or not telling the truthcontrary adj. opposite in nature, tendency or directioncontrast v. A and/with B compare so that differences are made clearcontribute v. (to/towards sth) give ones share of (money, help, advice, etc) to help a joint causecontroversy n. public discussion or argument, often rather angry, about sth which many people disagreewithconvene v. summon to come together; arrange (a meeting, etc)converse v. (about sth); (together) (fml ) talkconvert v. (sth) (from sth) (into/to sth) change (sth) from one form or use to anotherconvince v. sb make sb feel certain; cause sb to realizecooperate to work or act togethercoordinate vt. to organize or integrate (diverse elements) in a harmonious operationcore n. centre of such fruits as the apple and pear, containing the seedscorporate adj. of or shared by all the members of a group; collectivecorrespond v. be in agreement; not contradict sth or each otherCouple n. two people or things that are seen together or associated, esp a man and woman togethercreate v. cause to exist; make (sth new or original)credit n. permission to delay payment for goods and services until after they have been received; system of paying in this waycriteria n. (pl of criterion) standard by which sth is judgedcrucial adj. very important; decisiveculture n. refined understanding and appreciation of art, literature, etccurrency n. money system in use in a countrycycle n. series of events that are regularly repeated in the same orderdata n. facts or information used in deciding or discussing sthdebate n. formal argument or discussion of a question, eg at a public meeting or in Parliament, with two or more opposing speakers, and often ending in a votedecade n. period of ten yearsdecline v. say no to (sth); refuse (sth offered), usu politelydeduce v. sth arrive at (facts, a theory, etc) by reasoning; infer sthdefine v. sth state precisely the meaning of (eg words)definite adj. clear; not doubtfuldemonstrate v. sth (to sb) show sth clearly by giving proof or evidencedenote v. be the name, sign or symbol of (sth); refer todeny v. say that (sth) is not truedepress v. make sad and without enthusiasmderive v. sth from sth obtain sth from sth; get sth from sthdesign n. (for sth) drawing or outline from which sth may be madedespite prep without being affected bydetect v. discover or recognize that (sth) is presentdeviate v. from sth stop followingdevice n. thing made or adapted for a special purposedevote v. oneself/sth to sb/sth give to sb/sth; dedicate ;differentiate v. between A and B; A (from B) see or show (two things) to be different; show sth to be different (from sth else)dimension n. measurement of any sortdiminish v. become smaller or less; decreasediscrete adj. separate; distinctdiscriminate v. A from B see or make a difference (between two things)displace v. move from the usual or correct placedisplay v. sth put sth on showdispose v. place(sb/sth) in a suitable way; arrangedistinct adj. easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definitedistort v. pull or twist out of its usual shapedistribute v. sth separate sth into parts and give a share to each person or thingdiverse adj. of different kinds; varieddocument n. paper, form, book, etc giving information about sth, evidence or proof of sthdomain n. lands owned or ruled by a nobleman, government, etcdomestic adj. of the home, household or familydominate v. have control of or a very strong influence on (people, events, etc)draft n. rough preliminary written version of sthdrama n. play for the theatre, radio or TVduration n. time during which sth lasts or continuesdynamic adj. of power or forces that produce movementeconomy n. avoidance of waste (of money, strength, time, resources, etc)edit v. prepare for publication, eg in a book, newspaper, or magazineelement n. necessary or characteristic part of stheliminate v. sb/sth remove (esp sb/sth that is not wanted or needed)emerge v. come out or up (from water, etc)emphasis n. force or stress given to a word or words when spoken, to make the meaning clear or to show importanceempirical adj. based on observation or experiment, not on theoryenable v. make able to do sth by giving him the necessary authority or meansencounter v. meet or find oneself faced by (sth/sb unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc)energy n. ability to act or work with strength and eagernessenforce v. sth force people to obey (a law, etc); make sth effectiveenhance v. increase make (sb/sth) look betterenormous adj. very large; immenseensure v. make sure; guaranteeentity n. thing with distinct and real existenceenvironment n. conditions, circumstances, etc affecting peoples livesequate v. sth consider sth as equal or equivalent (to sth else)equip v. sb/sth (with sth) supply sb/sth (with what is needed, for a particular purpose)equivalent adj. equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etcerode v. destroy or wear (sth) away graduallyerror n. thing done wrongly; mistakeestablish v. set up on a firm or permanent basisestate n. area of land, esp in the country, with one ownerestimate n. judgement or calculation of the approximate size, cost, value, etc of sthethic n. system of moral principles; rules of conductethnic adj. of a national, racial or tribal group that has a common cultural traditionevaluate v. find out or form an idea of the amount or value of (sb/sth); assesseventual adj. happening at last as a result; ultimateevident adj. (that.) obvious (to the eye or mind); clearevolve v. (cause to) develop naturally and (usu) graduallyexceed v. be greater or more numerous than (esp a quantity)exclude v. sb/sth prevent sb from entering somewhere, taking part in sth, etc; keep sb outexhibit n. object or collection of objects displayed for the public, eg in a museumexpand v. (into sth) (cause sth to) become greater in size, number or importanceexpert n. person with special knowledge, skill or training in a particular fieldexplicit adj. (of a statement, etc) clearly and fully expressedexploit n. brave or adventurous deed or actionexport n. exportingexpose v. uncover or make (sth) visible; displayexternal adj. outside; situated on the outside of sth (esp the body)extract v. sth take or get sth out, usu with effort or by forcefacilitate v. (of an object, a process, etc but not of a person) make (sth) easy or less difficultfactor n. fact, circumstance, etc that helps to produce a resultfeature n. one of the named parts of the face (eg nose, mouth, eyes) which together form its appearancefederal of or relating to a form of government or a country in which power is divided between one central and several regional governmentfee n. (usu pl ) amount paid for professional advice or service, eg to private teachers, doctors, etcfile n. metal tool with a rough surface for cutting, smoothing