2014.4(第2部分--1)英语B阅读一补充.doc

第二部分 阅读理解（1）（2014年4月）翻译版（判断对错题A：T代表对；B：F代表错）以下是4月阅读理解（一）（百分百实考题）题目，根据考试出现几率汇总43篇，12月考试还有可能抽到，供有余力、有基础的同学复习，确保4月阅读一的10分不丢。Passage 1Background music may seem harmless, but it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it. Recorded background music first found its way into factories, shops and restaurants in the USA. Very soon it spread to other parts of the world. Now it is becoming difficult to go shopping or eat a meal without listening to background music.To begin with, background music was intended simply to create a soothing （舒适的） atmosphere. Recently, however, its becoming a big business. An American marketing expert has shown that music can boost（提升） sales or increase factory production by as much as a third.But it has to be the light music. Lively music has no effect at all on sales. Slow music can increase receipts（收入） by 34%. This is probably because shoppers slow down and have more opportunity to spot items they would like to buy. Yet, slow music isnt always the answer. The expert found that in restaurants slow music meant customers took longer to eat their meals, which reduced overall sales. So restaurant owners might be well advised to play faster music to keep the customers movingunless, of course, the resulting indigestion（消化不良） leads to complaints.背景音乐看上去没什么坏处，但实际上它对于听到的人会有很强的影响力。在美国刚录制完成的背景音乐会先放在工厂车间，商店和饭店里播出，但很快就会迅速流行到世界的每个角落。现在在购物和吃饭的时候想要没有那些背景音乐几乎是越来越困难的事了。起初，缪扎克音乐(一种通过线路向机场、商场、餐馆等播放的背景录音音乐) 仅仅是为了营造欢乐的气氛。然而，最近，它也成为一宗大产业，一部分原因有赖于最近的研究。美国一位市场专家，Ronald Milliman博士，就证明了音乐可以提高销售额或提高工厂产量达三分之一。但是，必须是轻音乐，快节奏的音乐对提高销售额毫无作用。音乐如何使销售额增长38%呢？很可能是由于购物者可以放缓脚步，花更多时间徘徊于他们想买的商品前。但是，慢节奏音乐也并不总奏效。比如，Milliman博士发现，餐馆里放慢节奏音乐就意味着顾客会延长用餐时间，从而导致营业额降低。因此，建议餐馆老板放一些快节奏的音乐，以使顾客快速用餐，当然，由此引发的消化不良就会招致诟病了。1.Background music was first used in the factories, shops and restaurants in the USA. 在美国背景音乐最初会被放在工厂，商店和饭店播出。A：T B：F 2.An American marketing expert has found background music can increase sales or factory production. 美国市场专家发现背景音乐可以增加销售额或提高工厂产量。A：T B：F 3.Slow music has no effect on sales. 舒缓的音乐不影响销售。A：T B：F 4.Slow music is useless in factories in increasing sales.舒缓的音乐对提高工厂产量是没效果的。A：T B：F 5.Restaurant owners are advised to play lively music to increase overall sales.建议餐馆老板放轻音乐从而提高销售额A：T B：F答案：AABBBPassage 2A guide dog is a dog especially trained to guide a blind person. Dogs chosen for such training must show good disposition, intelligence, physical fitness and sense of responsibility. At the age of fourteen months, a guide dog begins an intensive course that lasts three to five months. It becomes accustomed to the leather harness and stiff leather handle it will wear when guiding its blind owner. The dog learns to watch the traffic and to cross the street safely. It also learns to obey such commands as forward, left, right and sit and to disobey any command that might lead its owner into danger. The most important part of the training course is a fourweek program in which the dog and its future owner learn to work together. However, many blind people are unsuited by personality to work with dogs. Only a tenth of the blind find a guide dog useful.导盲犬训练是将一只狗经过特别训练后用于引导盲人。这种训练选择的狗必须表现出良好的性格、智力、体能和责任感。在十四个月大,导盲犬的密集课程就开始了,为期三至五个月。它变得习惯于皮革吊带和僵硬的皮革处理时，它将服务于其盲目的主人。狗学会看交通和安全的过马路。它也学会了服从为“前进”，“左”，“右”和“坐”这样的命令和不服从任何将可能导致主人危险的命令。 培训课程最重要的部分是fourweek方案，其中狗和它的未来主人学会一起工作。然而，许多盲人的性格不适合的与狗合作，只有十分之一的盲人找到一只对自己有用的导盲犬。1. A dog trained to help the blind. 狗被训练用来帮助盲人。A：T B：F2. At the age of fourteen months does a guide dog begin its training course. 在十四个月大的时候导盲犬的训练课程就开始了A：T B：F3. Learning to guide its owner in the street. 学习指导它的主人在街上行走。A：T B：F4. To teach the dog how to cooperate with its future owner. 教狗如何配合其未来的主人。A：T B：F5. Its hard to train a guide dog. 很难培养出导盲犬。A：T B：F答案：AABABPassage 3Our childs behavior is greatly influenced by the way we react to what he has done. Our reactions help to determine whether our child will repeat his behavior or whether he will do something different. This statement is a very important part of a principle of behavioral psychology.The principle states that a behavior is influenced or affected by how the environment - people, places and things - immediately responds to the behavior. Perhaps without realizing it, you have used this principle many times.On the occasion when you told your child what a good boy he was after he cleaned up his room, you used the principle. When you sent your child to his room for fighting with his brother, you used the principle. When I gave Kim a cookie after she started to cry, I used the principle. In each of these examples, a particular behavior occurred first - cleaning up a room, fighting, and crying.In addition, there was a reaction to each behavior - the child was praised, sent to his room, or given a cookie. By these actions, we have influenced the previous behaviors and have helped to determine whether those behaviors will occur again in the future.我们孩子的行为很大程度上是被我们对他所做事情的反应来影响的。我们的反应决定了我们的孩子是否会重复他的行为，或者会做一些其他不同的事情。这是行为心理学原理的一个非常重要的部分。这个原理说明行为是受到环境的影响和感染的，这些环境因素包括人，地点和事物这些会对行为作出直接的影响。或许不了解它，你却无意识的使用了这个原理很多次。当你在你的孩子打扫完他的房间后告诉他，他是多么好的一个孩子时，你就使用了原理。 当你因为孩子和他哥哥打架把他送回房间时，你使用了原理。当我在她开始哭的时候就给他一块饼干时，我也使用了原理。在这些每个例子里，一个特定的行为首先发生，那就是：打扫房间，打架，哭闹。另外，有一个对每个行为产生的反应孩子被表扬，送到他的房间里，或者是给一块小饼干。通过这些行动，我们已经影响了之前的行为并且已经帮助去确定那些行为未来是否会再次发生。1. The lecture is mainly about Childrens behavior and our response. 文章讲述有关儿童的行为与我们的反应 A：T B：F2. The lecture is based on the principle in behavioral psychology. 讲座基于行为心理学原理。 A：T B：F3. The audience at this lecture might be social workers. 这个讲座的听众可能是社会工作者。 A：T B：F4. According to the lecture, the child was sent to his room as a kind of reward.据报告，儿童被送到他的房间是作为一种奖励。 A：T B：F5. People, places and things are elements of environment meant by the lecturer. 人，地点和事物是“环境”的因素 A：T B：F答案：AABBAPassage 4Agnes Miller was one of the earliest leaders of the womens liberation movement in the United States. She was born on a farm in Missouri in 1892. She had a very happy life as a child. She was the only daughter and the youngest child of five. Her parents and her brothers always treated her as their favorite.In 1896 the family moved to Chicago. Three years later they moved back to St. Louis where Agnes spent the rest of her childhood. She enjoyed her years in school and was a very good student of mathematics. She was also quite good as a painter.It was when Agnes went off to college that she first learned that women were not treated as equals. She didnt like being treated unequally but she tried not to notice it. After graduating from college she tried to get a job in her major field, physics. She soon found it was almost impossible for a woman.Agnes spent a full year looking for a job. Finally she gave up in anger. She began writing letters to various newspapers. An editor in New York liked her ideas very much. He specially liked her style. He asked her to do a series of stories on the difficulties that women had in finding a job. And there she began her great fight for equal rights for women.Agnes Miller是美国妇女解放运动最早的领袖之一。她1892年出生于密苏里州的一个农场，奇怪的是，她孩提时期过着十分幸福的生活，她是家里唯一的女儿，也是5个孩子中最小的一个。她的双亲和哥哥们都把她视作掌上明珠。 1896年，家里搬去了芝加哥，3年后他们搬回了圣路易斯，在那里，Agnes Miller度过了她童年剩下的时光。她很喜欢她的学校生涯，同时也是一个数学十分优秀的学生。她同时也是一个技艺超群的画家。 就是在她进入大学的时候，她第一次意识到妇女被不公正对待了，她不想受到不平等的待遇，但她试图不去关注它。大学毕业后，她试图在自己的主修领域物理领域找一份工作。但是她很快发现这对妇女来说几乎不可能。 Agnes花了整整一年找工作，最后她生气地放弃了。她开始气愤地给许多报纸投递信件，一个纽约的编辑很欣赏她的观点，他特别欣赏她的风格，他让她写了一系列的关于妇女找工作困难的故事，而从此，她开始了她为妇女争取平等权利的伟大斗争。1.Agnes parents treated her as their favorite, which made her brothers sad. 艾格尼丝的父母对她就像是他们的最爱,这使她的兄弟难过。A：T B：F 2.The Millers moved back to Chicago in 1896. Miller在1896年搬回到芝加哥A：T B：F 3.Agnes studied mathematics when she was in college. Agnes在大学的时候主修的是数学A：T B：F 4.Agnes first came to realize that women were treated unequally when she started her college life. 当Agnes加入到大学的时候，她第一次意识到妇女的不平等待遇。A：T B：F 5.An editor in New York liked both the ideas in her letters and her writing style.一位纽约编辑很欣赏她信里的观点和写作风格。A：T B：F 答案：BBBAAPassage 5We are busy talking about and using the Internet，but how many of us know the history of the Internet? Many people are surprised when they find that the Internet was set up in the 1960s. At that time，computers were large and expensive. Computer network didnt work well. If one computer in the network broke down，then the whole network stopped. So a new network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many different computers. If part of the network was not working，information could be sent through another part. In this way computer network system would keep on working on the time. At first the Internet was only used by the government，but in the early 1970s，universities，hospitals and banks were allowed to use it too. However，computers were still very expensive and the Internet was difficult to use. By the start of the 1990s，computers became cheaper and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software that made surfingin the Internet more convenient. Today it is easy to get on-line and it is said that millions of people use the Internet every day. Sending e-mail is more and more popular among students. The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of peoples life. 我们都在谈论和使用互联网，但是有多少人知道网络的历史。很多人得知网络建立于20世纪60年代时，都很吃惊。那时候电脑很大，也很贵。网络常常断线，如果网络中的一台电脑坏了，那整个网络都得停了。所以必须建立一个新的网络，这个网络应该能让很多台电脑使用，如果网络的一部分不能工作了，信息应该可以通过网络的另一部分传递出。通过这种方式，电脑网络系统可以及时的工作 一开始，只有政府使用网络，但在20世纪70年代，大学，医院和银行也被许可运行网络。然而电脑还是很昂贵，也不太好用，到90年代，电脑便宜了也好用了。科学家也开发了软件，使网上冲浪更便利了。 今天很容易上网，据说每天有几百万的人在使用网络。 互联网现在是很多人生活中重要的一部分。1. The Internet has a history of more than fourty years 互联网有40多年的历史. A：T B：F2. A new network system was set up to make computers cheaper. 建立了一个新的网络系统，是电脑更便宜了 A：T B：F3. At first the Internet was only used by the government. 一开始，互联网只有政府用 A：T B：F4. Software made surfingthe Internet more convenient. 软件让网上冲浪更便利。 A：T B：F5. Today its still not easy to get on-line. 今天还是不容易上网 A：T B：F答案：ABAABPassage 6 Lets watch the weather forecast on television. We may go to Scotland, we may go to Wales or London. We can decide after the forecast.Good morning, and here is the weather forecast for tomorrow. Northern Scotland will be cold, and there may be snow over High Ground. In the north of England it will be a wet day and rain will move into Wales and the Midlands during the afternoon. East Anglia（英格兰） will be generally dry, and it will be a bright clear day with sunshine, but it may rain during the evening. In the southwest it may be foggy during the morning, but the afternoon will be clear. It may be windy later in the day.让我们来看一看电视上的天气预报。我们可以去苏格兰,我们可以去威尔士或伦敦。我们可以听完天气预报后做决定。“早上好,这里是明天的天气预报。苏格兰北部将会很冷,会有大雪覆盖。在英格兰的北部,这将是一个下雨天，雨水会到下午转移到威尔士中部地区。East Anglia将普遍乾燥,这将是一个阳光明媚的晴天,但在晚间可能会下雨。在西南部地区清晨可能会有雾气,但在下午会放晴，当天晚些时候会有刮风。”1. The speaker is planning to go traveling within the country. 说话者正计划在这个国家去旅行。 A：T B：F2. The speaker can fly to Northern Scotland tomorrow morning, because it wont be foggy there 说话者可以明天早上飞往苏格兰北部，因为它明天不会有浓雾。tomorrow. A：T B：F3. It will be a bright clear day in East Auglia tomorrow. 明天East Anglia是晴朗的一天。 A：T B：F4. The forecast mainly tells us the whole country will have fine weather tomorrow. 天气预报主要告诉我们明天整个国家都将有好的天气。 A：T B：F5. You can infer from the passage that none of the places offers ideal weather tomorrow for travel.可以推断，明天天气不适合去旅游。 A：T B：F答案：AABBAPassage 7 A public house which was recently bought by Mr. James is up for sale. He is going to sell it because it is haunted (闹鬼的). He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar. The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. Though Mr. James had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost (鬼) must have drunk the night before. When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, he shook his head. The villagers have told him that they will not accept it even if he gives it away. 伊恩.汤普森先生最近才买的一个小酒店现在又要卖出去。汤普森先生之所以想卖它，是因为那里常闹鬼。他告诉我有天夜里他怎么也睡不着，因为他听到酒吧里传来一阵奇怪的响声。第二天早上，他发现酒吧间的门被椅子堵上了，家具也被挪动过。虽然汤普森临睡觉时把灯关了，但早晨灯却都亮着。他还说他发现了5只空的威士忌瓶子，肯定是鬼魂昨天晚上喝的。当我暗示说一定是村里有些人来喝不花钱的酒时，汤普森先生摇了摇头。村里的人已经告诉他，即使他把小酒店白送人，他们也不要。1. Mr. James was the owner of the public house. 詹姆斯先生是这个酒店的主人。 A：T B：F2. Mr. James had not turned off the lights that night.詹姆斯先生夜间睡觉的时候没有关灯。 A：T B：F3. Mr. James built the house. 詹姆斯先生建造的房子 A：T B：F4. Mr. James found sixty empty bottles. 詹姆斯先生发现了六十个空瓶 A：T B：F5. The writer of the passage believes Mr. James story. 这篇文章的作者认同詹姆斯先生的故事 A：T B：F答案：ABBBBPassage 8 After having lived for over twenty years in the same district, Albert Hall was forced to move to a new neighborhood. He surprised his landlord by telling him that he was leaving because he could not afford to buy any more chocolate.It all began a year ago when Albert returned home one evening and found a large dog in front of his gate. He was very fond of animals and as he happened to have a small piece of chocolate in his pocket, he gave it to the dog. The next day, the dog was there again. It held up its paws and received another piece of chocolate as a reward. Albert called his new friend Bingo. He never found out the dogs real name, nor who his owner was. However, Bingo appeared regularly every afternoon and it was quite clear that he preferred chocolate to bones. He soon grew dissatisfied with small pieces of chocolate and demanded a large bar a day. If at any time Albert neglected his duty, Bingo got very angry and refused to let him open the gate. Albert was now at Bingos mercy and had to bribe him to get into his own house! He spent such a large part of his weekly wages to keep Bingo supplied with that in the end he had to move somewhere else. 在一个地方住了20多年的阿尔伯特被迫搬到一个新的社区，他告诉他的房东说,他离开是因为他再也买不起巧克力。这一切始于一年前，艾伯特有天晚上回家，发现一只大狗在他家门口。他很喜欢动物，碰巧有一小块巧克力在他的口袋里，他给了大狗。第二天，狗再一次在那里，它举着爪子并收到另一块巧克力作为奖励。艾伯特称他的新朋友“宾果”。他从来不知道狗的真实姓名，也不是他的主人是谁。然而，宾果经常每天下午准时出现，它喜欢巧克力超过了骨头。很快就不满足小块巧克力并要求更大的。如果在某时不能给它,宾果会非常生气,并拒绝让他打开家门。艾伯特现在是在宾果的怜悯和贿赂下进入他的房子！他花了一周工资的大部分来为宾果提供巧克力,最后他不得不搬到别的地方去。1. Albert lived there for many years. 艾伯特在那儿住了许多年 A：T B：F2. Albert was moving because he did not like the place. 艾伯特之所以搬家是因为不喜欢那个地方 A：T B：F3. Albert and the dog became friends a year ago. 一年前艾伯特与狗狗成为了朋友 A：T B：F4. The dog visited Albert every day because it wanted the chocolate. 那只狗每天拜访,因为它想要艾伯特的巧克力了。 A：T B：F5. Albert had to bribe him means he had to take care of him. 艾伯特“曾向他行贿”的意思是他要照顾它。 A：T B：F答案：BBAAB Passage 9 Do you still get free plastic bags from the supermarkets? Things have changed. China has banned free plastic bags at shops and supermarkets, and people have to pay for using plastic bags. The rule started on June 1. It came because our country tried to make litter less. Making super-thin plastic bags has also been banned. The Chinese once used about 3,000,000,000 plastic shopping bags a day, and they have caused pollution of the environment. The bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution because they are not easy to break and people throw them away here and there. So the Chinese people are encouraged to bring their own bags for shopping.What kind of shopping bag is the best to bring? Some students in Chongqing have a good idea. They make their own shopping bags. They use old clothes to make cloth bags, and send them to their parents as presents. They also ask their parents and friends to use cloth bags instead of plastic ones. They think it is their duty to protect the environment. 你现在还能从超市里获取免费的塑料袋吗？这种现象已经改变。中国已经在商店和超市里禁止使用免费的塑料袋，消费者需要自己出钱购买。这项规定从2008年6月1日正式实施。它说明我们国家正在为减少垃圾而努力。制造超薄的塑料袋也是被禁止的。中国人曾经每天消耗30亿个塑料购物袋，它们已经对环境造成了污染。塑料购物袋已经成为引起白色污染的主要因素，因为它们很容易破裂，而且人们总是把它们扔的到处都是。所以中国人被鼓励在购物时使用自己携带的袋子。到底什么样的购物袋是最好的呢？重庆的一些学生有了一个好主意。他们用旧衣服来制作布袋子，并把它们作为礼物赠送给自己的父母。他们也要求他们的父母和朋友来使用布袋子，代替塑料袋。他们认为保护环境是他们的责任。1. People in China have to pay for using plastic bags at shops and supermarkets now.中国人现在在商店和超级市场使用塑料袋需要支付费用。 A：T B：F2. China made this rule because plastic bags were bad for the environment.因为塑料袋对环境的不利，所以中国制造了这条规则。 A：T B：F3. The Chinese people are encouraged to bring their own bags for shopping.中国鼓励人们自备购物袋。 A：T B：F4. Some students in Chongqing buy cloth bags for their parents.重庆的一些学生为他们的父母买布袋。 A：T B：F5. The main idea of the article is the bags have become a main cause of plastic pollution.这篇文章的主要观点是塑料袋已成为污染的主要原因。 A：T B：F答案：AAABBPassage 10 Taking away a citys rubbish is a big job. Every day trucks come into a city to collect it. Most rubbish is made up of things we cant eat or use. If we kept these things, we would soon have a mountain of rubbish. In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside the city to a dump. Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage（污水，排水）system. The sewage syst