英美文学欣赏复习资料PPT课件.ppt

英美文学复习材料 1 JefferyChaucer Father founderofEnglishPoetryMajorworks TheRomauntoftheRose 玫瑰传奇 TheParliamentofFowls 百鸟议会 TroilusandCriseyde 特鲁伊罗斯和克里塞德 TheLegendofGoodWomen 好女人传 TheCanterburyTales 坎特伯雷故事集 2 TheCanterburyTales ThestoryofagroupofthirtypeoplewhotravelaspilgrimstoCanterbury Arich tapestry 织锦 ofmedievalsociallifecombiningelementsofallclasses fromnoblestoworkers frompriestsandnunstodrunkardsandthieves LondondialectTheGeneralPrologueconsistsofcharactersketchesofeachmemberofthegroupthatisgoingtoCanterbury 3 TheCanterburyTales SomeofthecharactersTheKnight thefirststorytellerThePrioress女修道院副院长TheMerchantTheWifeofBath巴斯妇 thefirstfemalefigureinBritishliteraturePoorPriest 4 WilliamShakespeare 1564 1616 RenaissanceMeaning rebirthorrevivalTime beganinthe14thcentury endinthe17thcentury Place beganinItaly laterspreadtoFrance SpainandEngland AkeeninterestintheGreekandLatinculture theartandscienceofancientGreeceandRomewerebeingbornagainafterlongyearsofneglect Essence humanism 5 WilliamShakespeare Works37plays2longnarrativepoems154sonnets 6 WilliamShakespeare Drama Tragedies Hamlet Macbeth KingLear Othello RomeoandJulietComedies AsYouLikeIt TheMerchantsofVenice MuchAdoAboutNothing AMidsummerNight sDream TheTamingoftheShrew TwelfthNightHistories HenryIV HenryV HenryVI HenryVIII RichardIII Romances tragicomedies Cymbeline TheTempest 7 RomeoandJuliet Characters TheMontagues TheCapuletsPlotThemeActII SceneIIThebalconysceneOneoftheromanticpeaksoftheplay Inthisscene RomeohasemployedthreecomparisonstoexpresshisadmirationforJuliet thesun twinklingstars abrightangel 8 WilliamShakespeare Sonnet Asonnetisalyricinvariablyoffourteenlines usuallyiniambicpentameter五音步抑扬格 restrictedtoadefiniterhymescheme韵律 Threetypesofsonnet1 Petrarchansonnet 彼特拉克体 意大利十四行诗 2 SpenserianSonnet 斯宾塞体十四行诗 3 ShakespearianSonnet 莎士比亚 英国体十四行诗 9 ShakespearianSonnet 3quatrains acoupletababcdcdefefggSonnet18 ShallIcomparetheetoasummer sday Theme Anicesummerdayisusuallytransient butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever ThusShakespeareexpresseshisfaithinthepermanenceofpoetry ofartandlove Sonnet29Theme Thepoweroflovecanovercomeallthedifficultiesandobstaclesinone slifetime 10 Romanticism BeginswiththepublicationofLyricalBallads 1798 andendswiththedeathofSirWalterScott 1832 Pre romanticpoets WilliamBlake RobertBurnsActiveromanticpoets GeorgeGordonByron PercyByssheShelley JohnKeatsPassiveromanticpoets LakePoets WilliamWordsworth SamuelTaylorColeridge RobertSouthey 11 RobertBurns Farmerpoet nationalpoetofScotlandWriteinScottishdialectThemesofpoetryarelifeofthecommonScotch love friendship ect ARed RedRose fourstanzas aballadform love figuresofspeech AuldLangSyne friendship parting song 12 WilliamWordsworth PoetLaureate桂冠诗人CollaboratewithColeridgeonLyricalBallads adeclarationofromanticismDefinePoetryas thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings whichoriginatesinemotionrecollectedintranquility Aworshipperofnature IWanderedLonelyasCloud foursix linestanzas iambictetrameter rhymescheme ababcc theme theharmonybetweenthingsinnatureandtheharmonybetweennatureandthepoethimself Nature sbeautyupliftsthehumanspirit ComposedUponWestminsterBridge aPetrarchansonnet abbaabbacdcdcd describingLondoninanearlymorning figuresofspeech simile metaphor personification 13 PercyByssheShelley 1792 1822 oneoftheleadingromanticpoetslovedpeopleandhatedtheoppressorsandexploitersHiswife MaryShelleyFrankenstein 弗兰肯斯坦 Majorworks TheNecessityofAtheism 无神论的必要性 QueenMab 仙后麦布 PrometheusUnbound 解放了的普罗米修斯 OdetotheWestWind 西风颂 OdetoaSkylark 云雀颂 ADefenceofPoetry 诗辩 TheMasqueofAnarchy 暴政的行列 14 OdetotheWestWind Ode alonglyricpoemthatisseriousinsubject elevatedinstyle andelaborateinitsstructure Itiswrittentopraiseandglorifysomebodyortoeulogizesomething Form 1 Everystanzaisasonnet fivestanzasofiambicpentameter 2 Everystanzaconsistsof4terzarima 三行诗隔句押韵法 couplet Structure stanza1 3 activitiesofthewestwindontheearth intheskyandonthesea Stanza4 5 thepoet swishtobefreelikethewind 15 OdetotheWestWind Theme 1 Revolutionaryspirit 2 Wishtodestroytheoldandbuildupanewworld Theartoflanguage 1 Theuseofalliteration capitalization endrhyme ect 2 manyfiguresofspeech simile metaphor personificiton allusion symbol 16 To OnewordistoooftenprofanedFormetoprofaneit Onefeelingtoofalselydistain dFortheetodistainit OnehopeistoolikedespairForprudencetosmother Lovelyric repetition parallel understatement 含蓄陈述 17 JaneAusten 1775 1817 ThefirstimportantEnglishwomannovelistWritingstyle Theme mostlyaboutloveandmarriageLanguage simple humorous witty ironicPlot straightforward littleactionCharacters likereallivingpersonsDialogues truetolifeShecalledherwork afineengravingmadeuponalittlepieceofivoryonlytwoinchessquare 两寸牙雕 AverynarrowliteraryfieldButwithinherownfield sheisunrivaled vividportraitofhermajorcharactersandrealisticandcolorfulpicturesofthelifeandmannersoftheuppermiddleclassinruralEnglandofhertime 18 JaneAusten Majorworks NorthangerAbbey 诺桑觉寺 1818 SenseandSensibility 理智与情感 1811 PrideandPrejudice 傲慢与偏见 1813 MansfieldPark 曼斯菲尔德庄园 1814 Emma 艾玛 1816 Persuasion 劝导 1818 19 PrideandPrejudice Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife Maincharacters plot themeDialoguesCharacteranalysis Mr andMrs Bennet ElizabethandMr Darcy JaneandMr BingleyPride prejudice 20 CharlesDickens 1812 1870 VictoriannovelistRepresentativewriterofcriticalrealismcriticalrealism 1 Objectivity trulyreflectedthelifeoftheCapitalistSociety2 Criticalness deeplyexposedandcriticizedFeudalaristocracyandthecapitalists advocatedhumanism pursuethetruth3 Typicality Usetypicalcharactersinacertainenvironment 21 CharlesDickens Majorworks 匹克威克外传 ThePickwickPapers 雾都孤儿 OliverTwist 老古玩店 TheOldCuriosityShop 美国纪行 AmericanNotes 圣诞颂歌 AChristmasCarol 董贝父子 DombeyandSon 大卫 科波菲尔 DavidCopperfield 荒凉山庄 BleakHouse 艰难时世 HardTimes 双城记 ATaleofTwoCities 我们共同的朋友 OurMutualFriend 22 ATaleofTwoCities Twocities ParisandLondonSetinLondonandParisbeforeandduringtheFrenchRevolutionThreegroupsofpeople Thefeudalaristocrat Marquis 侯爵 Evremond封建贵族Therevolutionarymasses MsDefarge革命群众Idealpersons DoctorManette LucyManette CharlesDarney SydneyCarton理想化人物 23 ATaleofTwoCities Itwasthebestoftimes itwastheworstoftimes itwastheageofwisdom itwastheageoffoolishness itwastheepochofbelief itwastheepochofincredulity iitwastheseasonofLight itwastheseasonofDarkness itwasthespringofhope itwasthewinterofdespair wehadeverythingbeforeus wehadnothingbeforeus wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway inshort theperiodwassofarlikethepresentperiod thatsomeofitsnoisiestauthoritiesinsistedonitsbeingreceived forgoodorforevil inthesuperlativedegreeofcomparisononly parallelism 24 OliverTwist vividdescriptionsoftheworkhouseandlifeoftheunderworldinthenineteenth centuryLondon Please sir Iwantsomemore 25 Brontesisters CharlotteBronte JaneEyreEmilyBronte WutheringHeightsAnneBronte AgnesGreyTheTenantoftheWildfellHall 26 JaneEyre ThefirstimportantgovernessnovelintheEnglishliteraryhistoryPlot fivestagesChildhoodatGatesheadEducationattheLowoodSchoolAsagovernessatThornfieldWiththeRiversfamilyatMoorHouseHerreunionwithandmarriagetoRochesteratFerndean 27 JaneEyre Aground breaking 开拓性的 novel itisnotedforitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety itisanintensemoralfable itsintroductiontotheEnglishnovelthefirstgovernessheroine ThecharacteristicofJaneEyre small plain quickwit honesty frankness lovingheart thespiritofindependenceandself dignity 28 WutheringHeights Characters WutheringHeightsvsThrushcrossGrangePlot Theme love class revenge 29 Mr Linton Mr Earnshaw Isabella Edgar Catherine Heathcliff Hindley LittleCatherine Cathy LittleLinton Hareton 30 RobertBrowning 1812 1889 EnglishpoetandplaywrightMasterofdramaticmonologuesOneoftheforemostVictorianpoetsmajorworksMyLastDuchess 我已故的公爵夫人 Home Thoughts fromAbroad 海外乡思 TheRingandtheBook 环与书 MeetingatNight 夜会 PartingatMorning 晨别 31 MyLastDuchess Summary Inthispoem Browningcreatesacharacterofchillingcoldnessandcruelty ThespeakerisaDukewhoisconductingnegotiationsforabride anewDuchess Heistalkingwiththerepresentativeofpotentialfather in law Almostcasually heshowsthemthepictureofthe last Duchesswhomhehadkilledbecausehecouldnotdominateher Characters Speaker ornarrator theDukeproud possessive selfish cruel jealousDuchess thelatewifeoftheDuke gentle kind beautiful noble mindedEmissary 使者 oftheCount thelistener theemissaryhasnospeakingrole hesimplylistens butwecanclearlyfeelshispresence 32 MyLastDuchess Dramaticmonologue atypeofpoeminwhichacharacter atsomespecificandcriticalmoment addressesanidentifiablebutsilentaudience therebyunintentionallyrevealinghisorheressentialtemperamentandpersonality 33 ElizabethBarretBrowning WifeofRobertBrowningSonnetsfromthePortuguese 葡萄牙十四行诗集 SonnetsfromthePortuguese 14 Ifthoumustloveme letitbefornaught Exceptforlove ssakeonly SonnetsfromthePortuguese 43 HowdoIlovethee Letmecounttheways Petrarchiansonnet abbaabbacdcdcd 34 ThomasHardy 1840 1928 theWessexNovels NovelsofCharacterandEnvironment UndertheGreenwoodTree 绿荫下 1872 FarfromtheMaddingCrowd 远离尘嚣 1874 TheReturnoftheNative 还乡记 1878 TheMayorofCasterbridge 卡斯特桥市长 1886 TessoftheD Urbervilles 德伯家的苔丝 1891 JudetheObscure 无名的裘德 1896 35 ThomasHardy ThomasHardy spessimisticviewoflifepredominatedmostofhislaterworksandearnshimareputationasanaturalistic 自然主义的 writer 36 TessoftheD Urbervilles TessDurbeyfield AngelClareAlecd Urbervilles 37 TessoftheD Urbervilles Tesswasapurewoman a Pureherenotreferstothephysicalmeaningbutthespiritualone Throughoutthenovel Tesswasloyaltohertruefeelings SheremainedherloyaltytoAngel Aleconlyclaimedherbody ShewasspirituallywithAngelallthetime b Sheisresponsibleanddoesherbestforthefamily c Sheishonest d Shecouldfacehertragedywithgreatdignity 38 TessoftheD Urbervilles WhydowesayTess stragedyisapersonalaswellasasocialone Tess sfateispersonal Shehappenstobesobeautiful sopure soinnocent andsopoor andshehappenstogetinvolvedwithtwomenwho thoughapparentrivals actuallyjointtheirforcesinbringingaboutherdestruction BothAlecandAngelviolatedandmadefunofTess TesswasphysicallyinjuredbyAlecd Urbervilles andmentallywasaffectedbyAngelClare AlecandAngelbydifferentwaymadeTess tragedyfrombadtoworse Herfateisasocialone Itcanbethefateofanycountrygirllikeher Itcanbethefateofallthepeasantswhoaredrivenoutoftheirlandandhomeandforcedtoseeksomewhereelseforsustenance 39 WhatisthethemeofHardy sWessexnovels ThesettingistheagriculturalregionofthesoutherncountriesofEngland Hetruthfullydepictstheimpoverishmentanddecayofsmallfarmers Theselaborersaremercilesslyexploitedbytherichlandowners Hethinksthatmankindissubjectedtotheruleofsomehostileandmysteriousfate 40 WashingtonIrving 1783 1859 FatherofAmericanliterature thefatherofAmericanshortstories thefirstAmericanwritertogaininternationalgame HiswritingmarksthebeginningofRomanticisminAmericanliterature 41 WashingtonIrving MajorworksAHistoryofNewYork 纽约外史 TheSketchBook 见闻札记 including TheLegendoftheSleepyHollow 睡谷的传说 RipVanWinkle 瑞普 凡 温克尔 42 RipVanWinkle ThestoryofRipVanWinklebeginsaboutfiveorsixyearsbeforetheAmericanRevolutionandendstwentyyearslater TheactiontakesplaceinavillageinBritishcolonialNewYork neartheHudsonRiverandtheCatskillMountains ThecharacterofRipVanWinkle Asimple good naturedman Anobedient henpecked 惧内的 husband Agreatfavoriteamongneighborsandchildren wholoathes 厌恶 profitablelabor Language humorousTheme thenostalgiafortheunrecoverablepast 43 TheLegendoftheSleepyHollow Thestorytakesplaceinabout1790 inasecludedglencalledSleepyHollow ThemaincharacterisIchabodCrane heisalean lanky andextremelysuperstitiousschoolmasterfromConnecticut HeandBromVanBrunt anativeofSleepyHollow bothfallinlovewithKatrinaVanTassel Katrinaisthedaughterandsolechildofaweathyfarmer BaltusVanTassel Atfirst Craneseemstowinherheart soheisinvitedtoattendapartyattheVanTasselhome Andonhiswaybackhome heispursuedbytheHeadlessHorseman whoissupposedlytheghostofaHessiantrooper 赫赛骑兵 whohadhisheadshotoffduringsomenamelessbattleoftheAmericanRevolutionaryWar ThenCranemysteriouslydisappearsfromtown leavingKatrinatomarryBromVanBrunt AlthoughthenatureoftheHeadlessHorsemanisleftopentointerpretation thestoryimpliesthattheHorsemanwasreallyBromindisguise 44 EdgarAllanPoe 1809 1849 novelist poet criticgoodatwritingGothicanddetectivefiction fatherofwesterndetectivestoriesMajorworks Poems TheRavenToHelenShortstories TheMurdersintheRueMorgue 毛格街血案 TheFalloftheHouseofUsher 厄舍古屋的倒塌 TheTell TaleHeart 泄密的心 BlackCat 黑猫 TheMasqueoftheRedDeath 红色死亡的化妆舞会 45 Poe sTheoriesfortheShortStory a Theshortstoryshouldbesobriefastobereadatonesitting b Thefirstsentenceoughttohelptobringoutthe singleeffect ofthestory c Nowordshouldbeusedwhichdoesnotcontributetothework d Ataleshouldrevealsomelogicaltruth andshouldendwiththelastsentence leavingasenseoffinalitywiththereader 46 Poe spoetictheory a Thepoemshouldbesobriefastobereadatonesitting b Thepurposeofpoetrylayinthecreationofbeautyandintensityofemotionratherthanteachingofmorality aforerunnerofpurepoetryc Themostefficientformofbeautywhichisabletoundulatereader ssoulhadtobethedeath especiallythedeathofabeautifulwoman sothekeytoneofPoe spoetrywasmelancholyanddepressed d Poetshouldcombinemusicwithpoetrysoastoprovokereaderswithasenseofbeauty 47 TheRavencorrespondsineveryaspectwithPoe saestheticstandardforpoetry Withthe108lines itisreadableatonesitting Ittookthelamentoverthedeathofabeautifulwomanasitstheme Itispervadedwithasenseofmelancholy Theexquisiterhymeandrhythmwerewidelyused 48 Questions 1 Whyaraven notaparrot becauseofthemelancholytone andthesymbolismofravensasbirdsofill omen hefoundtheravenmoresuitableforthemoodinthepoem Poe 1850 49 Questions 2 Whydidtheravenperchonthegoddessofwisdom ContrastedcolorLeadthenarratortobelievethattheravenspokefromwisdom Tosignifythescholarshipofthenarrator 50 NathanielHawthorne 1804 1864 GreatAmericanRomanticNovelistPioneeringpsychologicalnovelistCombinedtheAmericanromanticismwithpuritanmoralismusingsymbolismDarkromanticism黑色浪漫主义Inalmosteverybookhewrote hediscussedsinandevil 51 MajorWorks NovelsTheScarletLetter 1850 红字 TheHouseoftheSevenGables 1851 七个尖角阁的房子 TheBlithedaleRomance 1852 福谷传奇 TheMarbleFaun 1860 玉石雕像 ShortStoryCollectionsTwice ToldTales 1837 故事重述 MossesfromanOldManse 1846 古屋青苔 SelectedShortStoriesYoungGoodmanBrown 1835 年轻小伙子布朗 TheMinister sBlackVeil 1836 牧师的黑面纱 TheBirth Mark 1843 胎记 52 TheScarletLetter setting time Middleoftheseventeenthcenturysetting place Boston Massachusettsprotagonist HesterPrynnemajorconflicts Hestervshercommunity ChillingworthvsDimmesdale Dimmesdale sinnerconflict Puritanismvshumanism 53 TheScarletLetter HesterPrynneArthurDimmesdaleRogerChillingworth 54 Symbolism ThesymbolicmeaningoftheletterA adultery able angelThesymbolicmeaningofnames 1 Chillingworthiscoldandinhuman 2 Prynne rhymeswith sin 3 Dimmesdale suggests dimness weakness indeterminacy4 Pearl thetreasuretohermother Comesoutofanuglyshellbutisbeautiful ComesoutofantorturingprocessThesymbolicmeaningofprisonandrosebush 55 Symbolicmeaningofprison theharshnessofthePuritansocietythesymbolforpuritanicalseverityoflawandtherigorousenforcementoflawandtheimpossibilitytobreakfreeofittheauthorityoftheregime 56 Symbolicmeaningofrosebush Passion thepassionatewildernessintheformofHesterPrynne anaspectofnaturethatshouldbeadmiredandnotjudgedPromise goodoccurrencesdoemergefrombadsituations 57 WhatmakesSLaMasterpiece Itswritingskills agoodnarrationAnencyclopediaof17thcenturyofAmericaTheuniversalthemesTheeverlasting philosophicalandparadoxicalissuesdiscussedinthenovel 58 EmilyDickinson 1830 1886 AneventlesslifeRemainsingleallherlife1 800poemsaltogether butonly7werepublishedwhileshewasaliveThemes deathandimmortality nature love truth beauty etc 59 EmilyDickinson Poems I mNobody BecauseIcouldnotstopfordeathIheardaflybuzz whenIdiedHopeIdiedforbeautyALongNarrowFellowintheGrassOvertheFence 60 Style A Herpoemshavenotitles hencethefirstlineofeachpoemisalwaysquotedasthetitleofeachpoem B particularstresspattern dash C Capitallettersasameansofemphasis D Language brief direct andplain E Poem short alwaysonoriginalimagesorsymbolsF Shortpoeticlines condensedbyusingintensemetaphorsandbyextensiveuseofellipsis 61 RobertFrost 1874 1963 Themostpopular20thCenturyAmericanPoetAfour timewinnerofthePulitzerPrize 62 RobertFrost Majorpoems MendingWall 补墙 AfterApple Picking 摘苹果之后 StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening 雪夜林边小驻 TheRoadNotTaken 未选择的路 FireandIce 火与冰 63 MajorFeaturesofFrost sPoems HewasanessentiallypastoralpoetoftenassociatedwithruralNewEngland Hisadoptstraditionalverseforms plainlanguageandeverydayspeechtoexplorethecomplexityofhumanexistencethroughtreatingseeminglytrivialsubjects ThethemesofhisworkincludelandscapeandpeopleofNewEngland lonelinessandpovertyoffarmers beauty terrorandtragedy Thesubjectscomefromdailylifeofordinarypeople 64 StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening Metaphors Promises Ourownpromisesordutiesthatwemustfulfill Miles experiencewemusttravelthroughbeforedeathSleep deathRhymescheme aababbcbccdcdddd 65 TheRoadnotTaken Five linestanzawiththerhymescheme abaabTworoadsrefertothechoicesorimportantdecisionswhichonemustmakeinlife Thepoetchoosestofollowanunusual solitarylife perhapshewasspeakingofhischoicetobeapoetratherthansomecommonprofession 66 F ScottFitzgerald 1896 1940 TheJazzAge Theroaring20 sTheAmericanDreamThelostgeneration 67 Majorworks ThisSideofParadiseTheBeautifulandtheDamnedTalesoftheJazzAgeTheGreatGatsbyTenderistheNightTheLastTycoon 68 TheGreatGatsby Characters Gatsby Daisy Nick Tom Myrtle GeorgePlotTheme Thediscrepancy 矛盾 betweenGatsby sdreamvisionandrealityGatsby squestfortheAmericanDreamclassconflictTheculturalriftbetweenEastandWest 69 OriginsoftheAmericanDream EuropeanexplorersandthePuritans DoctrineofElectionandPredestinationTheDeclarationofIndependence life liberty andthepursuitofhappinessAmericanRevolutionaryWar promiseoflandownershipandinvestmentIndustrialRevolution possibilityofanyoneachievingwealth thenouveauricheIndividualismandself relianceWestwardexpansionandtheGoldRushImmigration 70 MarkTwain 1835 1910 Relatedliteraryterms Localcolorism 乡土文学 asatrendbecamedominantinAmericanliteratureinthe1860sandearly1870s itisd