Hiroshima英语简介.doc

Hiroshima英语简介Hiroshima is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture and the largest city in the Chgoku region, JapanHiroshima may also refer to:Hiroshima Prefecture, JapanSanfrecce Hiroshima, Hiroshimas professional football (soccer) clubHiroshima Toyo Carp, Hiroshimas professional baseball club, though it is more often referred to as ToyoHiroshima (film), a 1995 JapaneseCanadian film about the decision process behind the dropping of the nuclear bomb on HiroshimaHiroshima (band), an American jazz band formed in 1974Kitahiroshima, Hokkaid, a city located in Ishikari, Hokkaid, Japan, formerly named Hiroshimathe Hiroshima meteorite of 2003, which fell in Chgoku, Japan (see meteorite falls)Hiroshima (book), a 1946 book written by John HerseyHiroshima (documentary), a 2005 television documentaryHiroshima (song), a 1990 single by Sandra CretuHiroshima (B-B-B-Benny Hit His Head), a 2008 single by Ben FoldsHiroshima Mon Amour, a 1959 filmHotel class submarine, Soviet submarine K-19 unofficially gained on fleet its nickname HiroshimaDuring World War II, the Second Army and Chugoku Regional Army were headquartered in Hiroshima, and the Army Marine Headquarters was located at Ujina port. The city also had large depots of military supplies, and was a key center for shipping.13The bombing of Tokyo and other cities in Japan during World War II caused widespread destruction and hundreds of thousands of deaths, nearly all civilians.14 For example, Toyama, an urban area of 128,000, was nearly fully destroyed, and incendiary attacks on Tokyo are credited with claiming 90,000 lives. There were no such air raids in Hiroshima. However, the threat was certainly there and to protect against potential firebombings in Hiroshima, students (between 1114 years) were mobilized to demolish houses and create firebreaks.On Monday, August 6, 1945, at 8:15 AM, the nuclear bomb Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima by an American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay,16 directly killing an estimated 80,000 people. By the end of the year, injury and radiation brought total casualties to 90,000140,000.17 Approximately 69% of the citys buildings were completely destroyed, and about 7% severely damaged.Research about the effects of the attack was restricted during the occupation of Japan, and information censored until the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951, restoring control to the Japanese.18On September 17, 1945, Hiroshima was struck by the Makurazaki Typhoon (Typhoon Ida). Hiroshima prefecture suffered more than 3,000 deaths and injuries, about half the national total.19 More than half the bridges in the city were destroyed, along with heavy damage to roads and railroads, further devastating the city.20Hiroshima was rebuilt after the war, with the help from the national government through the Hiroshima Peace Memorial City Construction Law passed in 1949. It provided financial assistance for reconstruction, along with land donated that was previously owned by the national government and used for military purposes.21Atomic Bomb Dome and modern HiroshimaIn 1949, a design was selected for the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall, the closest surviving building to the location of the bombs detonation, was designated the Genbaku Dome (原爆) or Atomic Dome, a part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum was opened in 1955 in the Peace Park.22Hiroshima was proclaimed a City of Peace by the Japanese parliament in 1949, at the initiative of its mayor, Shinzo Hamai (19051968). As a result, the city of Hiroshima received more international attention as a desirable location for holding international conferences on peace as well as social issues. As part of that effort, the Hiroshima Interpreters and Guides Association (HIGA) was established in 1992 in order to facilitate interpretation for conferences, and the Hiroshima Peace Institute was established in 1998 within the Hiroshima University. The city government continues to advocate the abolition of all nuclear weapons and the Mayor of Hiroshim