法律翻译的一般原则.ppt

LegalTranslation 法律翻译的一般原则 法律翻译专题 Nevertheless nothingisnowmoreobviousthanthatthecriterionofatranslation whethercommunicativeorsemantic mustbeitsmeasureofaccuracy itsabilitytoreproducethegreatestpossibledegreeofthemeaningoftheoriginal theheartofthemeaningbeingthemessageincommunicativetranslation thesignificance theenduringvalueandimportanceinsemantictranslation Newmark 1988 44 法律翻译专题 Mostnon literarywriting journalism informativearticlesandbooks textbooks reports scientificandtechnologicalwriting non personalcorrespondence propaganda publicity publicnotices standardizedwriting popularfiction therun of the milltextswhichhavetobetranslatedtodaybutwerenottranslatedandinmostcasesdidnotexistahundredyearsago comprisetypicalmaterialsuitableforcommunicativetranslation Ontheotherhand originalexpression whetherthespecificlanguageofthespeakerorwriterisasimportantasthecontent whetheritisphilosophical religious political scientific technicalorliterary needstobetranslatedsemantically Newmark 1988 66 法律翻译的六项应用型作业原则 1 准确性及精确性 AccuracyandPrecision 2 一致性及同一性 ConsistencyandIdentity 3 清晰及简练 ClarityandConcision 4 专业化 Professionalism 5 语言规范化 StandardizedLanguage 6 集体作业 TearmWork 1 准确性及精确性 要求及重要意义 Thelawyermustbemorepreciseinhiswritingthanalmostanyoneelse Mostwriterscanexpecttheirworktobereadingoodfaith thatis withanhonestdesiretounderstandwhatwasmeant Butthelawyermustwriteinconstantfearofwhatwemightcallthereaderinbadfaith themanlookingforloopholesinthecontractsoastoavoidliabilityforhisfailuretoperform thedisappointedheirwhowantsthewillreadinawaythatwoulddefeatthetestator sintention thecriminaldefendantwhowantsthestatuteinterpretedsoasnottocoverhisact andalltheotherswhowillwanttotwistthemeaningofwordsfortheirownends Chen 1992 164 165 1 准确性及精确性 例l 所有董事会成员 须由合营方委派和撤换 allthedirectorsshallbeappointedandreplacedbythepartiest0theventure Chen 1992 166 1 准确性及精确性 例2如果买方对品质有异议 可以在货到目的口岸或收货后30天内向卖方提出索赔 IncasetheBuyershavedisputesoverthequalityofthegoods theBuyersmay within30daysafterarrivalatthedestinationportordeliveryofgoods fileaclaima gainsttheSellers 1 准确性及精确性 例3外国合营者如果有意以落后的技术和设备进行欺骗 造成损失的 应赔偿损失 Iftheforeignjoint venturercauseslossesbydeceptionthroughtheintentionaluseofbackwardtechnologyandequipment heshallpaycompensationforthelosses Chen 1992 166 1 准确性及精确性 正确译文应该如下 Iftheforeignjointventurercausesanylossorlossesbydeceptionthroughtheintentionaluseofbackwardtechnologyandequipment heshallpaycompensationthere for Chen 1992 166 1 准确性及精确性 例4ThedefenseproducedEX D1 amedicalreportwhichshowedthattheappellanthadsufferedabrasiontobothhands armsandelbowsandclinicalfracturestobothlegsandarms 辩方将一份医生报告 证物D1 呈堂 报告指出上诉人双手 手臂及手肘都有擦伤 而且双手和双脚都有骨折 CourtInterpreters Journal 1996 11 2 一致性及同一性 法律文体 一书的作者HenryWeihofen强调说 exactnessoftendemandsrepeatingthesametermtoexpressthesameidea Wherethatistrue neverbeafraidofusingthesamewordoverandoveragain Manymoresentencesarespoiledbytryingtoavoidrepetitionthanbyrepetition Chen 1992 164 165 2 一致性及同一性 TheCustomssupervisingfeesontheimportgoodsgrantedwithdutyreductionandexemptionandthatonthegoodsinbondshallbecollectedinaccordancewiththeCustomsRegulationsofthePeople sRepublicofChinaGoverningtheCollectionofCustomsSupervisingFeesonImportGoodsGrantedwithDutyReductionorExemptionandtheBondedGoods 李文阳 1994 14 2 一致性及同一性 这是 上海市涉外经济法规规章汇编 中的一段规定 对照以下原文 保税区的减免税货物 保税货物的监管手续费 应当按照 中华人民共和国海关对进口减税 免税和保税货物征收海关监管手续费的办法 办理 2 一致性及同一性 ForthepurposeofthisPart一 a aninstrumentisfalseifitpurportstohavebeen i madeintheforminwhichitismadebyapersonwhodidnotinfactmakeitthatform ii madeintheforminwhichitismadeontheauthorityofapersonwhodidnotinfactauthorizeitsmakinginthatform iii madeintermsinwhichitismadebyapersonwhodidnotinfactmakeitinthoseterms 2 一致性及同一性 iv madeintermsinwhichitismadeontheauthorityofapersonwhodidnotinfactauthorizeitsmakingonthoseterms v alteredinanyrespectbyapersonwhodidnotinfactalteritinthatrespect vi alteredinanyrespectontheauthorityofanypersonwhodidnotinfactauthorizeitsalterationinthatrespect 2 一致性及同一性 vii 就本部而言 a 任何文书如有以下情况 即属虚假 i 该文书是以某种式样制成 并看来是由某人以该式样制成 但事实上该人并无以该式样制造该文书 ii 该文书是以某种式样制成 并看来是获某人授权以该式样制造 但事实上该人并无授权以该式样制造该文书 iii 该文书是按某些条款制造 但事实上该人并无按该等条款制造该文书 2 一致性及同一性 iv 该文书是按某些条款制成 并看来是获某人授权按该等条款制造 但事实上该人并无授权按该等条款制造该文书 v 该文书看来曾由某人在某些方面予以更改 但事实上该人并无授权在该方面予以更改 vi 该文书看来是获某人授权在某方面予以更改 但事实上该人并无在某方面予以更改 vii LawsofHong Kong CrimesOrdinance 1996 44 3 清晰及简练 例5Thedistrictcourt ontheotherhand erroneouslyaddressedbutonewordoftheBankersBlanketBond theterm realized 一andthenthedistrictcourtmisapplieditbyerroneouslyconsideringwhether theappellee realized abenefitandtheBanksufferedaloss whichisnotaquestionundertheBankersBlanketBond andoncethedistrictcourtfoundthattheBanksufferedalossitheldtheInsurerliablewithoutconsideringthelanguageoftheBankersBlanketBondasrelevanttotheissueofwhetherthat10sswascoveredundertheBankersBlanketBond Faulk Mehler 1994 5 3 清晰及简练 其实 这个句子总共包含四层主要意思 1 ThecourtreadonlyapartoftheBankersBlanketBond 2 Thecourtreadthatpartincorrectly 3 Andasaconsequence thecourtfailedtofocusontheproperissueinthecase 4 ThedispositiveissueinthecaseiswhetherthelosswascoveredundertheBond Faulk Mehler 1994 6 3 清晰及简练 试看以下改进的版本 Thedistrictcourtaddressedonlytheterm realized asusedintheBankersBlanketBond Thenthecourtconsideredwhethertheappellee realized abenefitandtheBanksufferedaloss Atthatpoint thecourtincorrectlyheldtheInsurerliable TheissueiswhetherthatlosswascoveredundertheBond Faulk8LMehler 1994 6 3 清晰及简练 例6Theremainderofthetestator spropertyshouldbedividedequallybetweenallofournephewsandniecesonmywife ssideandmyniece 李文阳 1994 13 14 3 清晰及简练 改进后 Theremainderofthetestator spropertyshouldbedividedequallybetweenallofournephewsandniecesonmywife ssideasonepartyandmynieceasanother 3 清晰及简练 例7Theservant sliabilitystemsfromthedutyowedtoathirdpersonunderthelawtoconductHIMSELFSOasnottoinjureothers 李文阳 1994 13 14 改写成 Theservant sliabilitystemsfromthedutyowedtoathirdpersonunderthelawrequiringtheSERVANTtoactSoasnottoinjureothers 就不会产生任何歧义 3 清晰及简练 Clarityandconcisionoftengohandinhand Notranslatorsoflegaldocumentsshouldtrytoachieveclarityatthecostofconcision Ofcourse wordinessisnotatestforclarityorobscurity Aremovalofexcessivewordinesscanhelpclarifythemeaningoflegislation Toooften legalwritersincludeseveralimportantideasinonelong complexsentence Theresultisconfusionandmisunderstandingonthepartofthereader Inordertointerpretthelegaltextcorrectly thereadermaybeforcedtorereadthesentence Soitisadvisedtotrytouseshortsentencesforcomplicatedthoughtsindraftingthelegaldocuments Faulk Mehler 1994 5 3 清晰及简练 例8Morethan80percentofthe32 000commercialenterprisesinGuangdonginvolveHongKongbusinessmen withICACintelligenceindicatingmanybribewithimpunity throughlavishgifts entertainmentandkick backs LawCouldCoverBribesinChina 1995 3 清晰及简练 译文甲 在广东省32 000间商业机构中 超过百分之八十与香港有生意上的往来 廉署情报人员指出这些生意上的往来涉及许多贿赂罪行 然而这些罪行并没有受到法律的制裁 贿赂专案包括赠送贵重的礼物 提供高档的娱乐招待以及给予巨额的现金回扣 译文乙 在32 000个广东商业机构中 八成以上有港商参与 据廉署情报显示 许多港商以大量馈赠 殷勤款待和丰厚回扣行贿 却能逍遥法外 3 清晰及简练 例9 ThecaseisadjournedfortheCrowntopreparetransferpaper 译文甲 将案件押后以便控方准备提交地方法院审讯的文件 22字 译文乙 将案件押后以便控方准备移审文件 15字 CourtIn Interpreters Journal 1996 11 3 清晰及简练 例10律师一再强调法律面前人人平等 律师一次又一次强调所有的人在法律面前都是平等的 CourtInterpreters Journal 1996 11