初二英语下学期Unit1-5考试要点串讲.doc

八年级下期中(Unit 1-5)考试要点串讲 学情研究与对策要点归纳（6点）要点归纳1某人拥有VS某地存在（有）某物：People will have robots in the near future.People是主语，位于动词之前There will be robots working in factories.Robots是主语，位于动词之后若写成Robots will be working in factories.在意义不表示“将会有”的意思。翻译下列句子：There will be more birds singing in the trees in ten years.There will be less pollution in the river after fewer factories.There will be more free time.区别下列句子：A -I will be an engineer in ten years. Be here means becomeB-There will be an engineer in my family in ten years. Be here means existC-These（robots）will be in every home. Be here means “come true”某地存在（有）某物句型的疑问、否定、肯定回答和否定回答。There will be more birds singing in the trees in ten years.改写为疑问句_ _ be more birds singing in the trees in ten years?作肯定回答 Yes,_ _.否定回答 No,_ _.There will be less pollution in the river after fewer factories.改为疑问句_ _ be less pollution in the river after fewer factories?There will be more free time.改为否定句 There _ be more free time要点归纳2 情态动词 can, may, might, could,would and should等。Might ,could ,would, should 四个情态动词既是may,can,will,shall的过去时，又不表示过去时，而是情态动词，要同实意动词连用，常用的还有must ,neednt,cant. might 表示 小于50%的可能性，could 表示一种客气的请求， would 表示有礼貌的邀请，should 表示应当，该。 典型考题区别：He can speak several languages.He is able to swim across the river,thogh it is flooded.-Could you tell me where Center Street _(is was)?-Sorry, I _(couldnt cant).I would like you to come to my house.(Should Would) you mind my invitation? 邀请的，委婉的说法常用的还有Why not _( come to come) to my house?Should 常用于提出建议You _(should would) say youre sorry.Maybe you _(could should) give him a ticket to a ball game. could 用于劝说更委婉（潜在的意思是“这不就和解了。”） （refer to page11 课文句子改写）You_(should would）be ashamed of yourself. 语气坚决，应该You _(wouldnt shouldnt) tell lies.含有责备，不应当It _(should might) be easy.表示期待某事发生或对某事进行推断Might only means not sure要点归纳3当心句末的时间词,用时髦的话说是标志词前面有Look, -. Listen,-. 我们知道后面的句子要用“现在正在进行时”Look,mom is driving her new car.Listen, something strange is happening outside.当心后面的时间词 at that time,at 8 oclock yesterday when引导过去时间的动作，（有时也可以引导过去进行时。） while可以引导过去正在进行时，如：page19 2b改写句子1 The boy was walking down the street when suddenly a UFO landed. When 引导的动作突然插入到前面正在进行的动作之中，3 While the alien was buying a souvenir,the girl called the police. 外星人正在买纪念品，乘此时间，另一个动作发生了。P20 4A: What were you doing at nine oclock last Sunday morning?B: I was sleeping at that time.4. The girl was shopping when the alien got out. While the girl was shopping, the alien got out. when 与while区分：（1）当.的时候，如后面连接的动词为进行时态，则用while多于用when。而when通常与瞬间性动词或延续性不强的动词连用。（2）如果while前后的动词都是进行时态，while可译为与此同时I was reading while my brother was drawing. （含有对比而非转折）（3）当while前后的句子描述的情况相对或相反，while可译为而，while更强调并列的对比而非转折。e.g. I am out-going while my sister is quiet and shy. 总之，when表示做某种动作的时间或瞬间，由其引导的时间状语的时态如果是一般过去时，其主句通常要用过去进行时。while表示略长的一段时间，由其引导的时间状语从句用过去进行时，而主句时态根据实际情况而定。过去进行时的用法过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成。表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。其用法有：1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如：I was doing my homework at eight oclock last night. 昨晚八点我正在做作业。2. 表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。如：They were building a house last winter. 去年冬天他们在建一座房子。3. 表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作。常与always等词连用。如：Little Tom was always asking many questions. 小汤姆总是会问许多的问题。4. 动词come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。如：They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 他们想知道我们什么时候去上海。过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较：一般过去时强调过去某个时候或某段时间曾有过的某个已结束的动作；过去进行时则强调过去某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：Lily wrote a letter to her aunt last night. 莉莉昨晚给她阿姨写了封信。(信已写完了。)Lily was writing a letter to her aunt last night. 莉莉昨晚一直在给她阿姨写信。(强调写的动作一直在进行，信不一定写完。)课文的例句很多，可以仿造练习。要点归纳4本单元重点解决陈述句的间接引语。（预备知识: 1 陈述句 2 疑问句 3 祈使句。对于初上讲台的教师，要懂得铺垫这些知识的重要性。）把直接引语变成间接引语，中英文存在很大的差异，夸张地说是“牵一发而动全身”。直接引语和间接引语 直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。1.陈述句的间接引语陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that引导，可以省略。参见课文例句page 27“I am not mad at Marcia anymore.” Lana told us. “我不再对Marcia生气了。” Lana说。 Lana told us that she wasnt mad at Marcia anymore. Lana说她不再对Marcia生气了。 Marcia said to everyone, “I am not going to have the surprise party.” Marcia对每一个人说：“我不打算开一个惊喜晚会。” Marcia told everyone that she wasnt going to have the surprise party. Marcia对每一个人说她不打算开一个惊喜晚会。要点归纳5If 的用法例句：What will happen if they have the party tomorrow?如果他们明天开晚会，将会发生什么？If you become a professional athlete,youll be able to-如果你成了专业运动员，你就将能够-当if 引导条件状语从句时，表示“如果”时，必需要用现在时态替代将来时，类似还有连词as long as unless before while when if once the moment as soon asI dont know if it will rain tomorrow, if it rains tomorrow,I wont go camping with you.前面的if表示是否，用将来时态，后面的 if 才表示条件。翻译下列句子： 1 如果你不马上走的话，你就会迟到。.2 你看医生之前，什么东西都不可以吃。3 你们不来，我们不会出发。4 在汤姆回来前，我不会告诉你的。5 没洗手前，别吃东西。Keys1 If you dont go soon, youll be late.2 If you are ill, youll have to see the doctor.You mustnt eat anything until you see the doctor= You mustnt eat anything before you see the doctor.3 We wont start until you come.4 I wont tell you until Tom comes back.5 Dont eat until you wash your hands要点归纳6在差异中学习(找一找规律)尝试一下倒过来翻译(keys included)：Unit1 live on a space station_ live in an apartment with my best friends _ people in the future _ do the same things as us _be fun to watch_ There will be more robots everywhere._ Look for people under buildings_Unit2 Stay at home every night _ talk about it on the phone _ write a letter to him_ Borrow some money from sb. _Has the same haircut as I do _ advice for sb. _plan sth. For sb. _ What to do _ everyone else _be popular at school _ Lots of things you could do _Unit3at ten oclock in the morning _ a cat in a tree _buy sth at the train station_running with another dog_ events in history_ Unit4 What was happening outside _ got really mad at _ get over it _ students in a poor mountain village _teach in rural areas _ 2,000 meters above sea level _life in the mountain_ no difference between you and them _ a good start in life _ doctors without borders _ sick people in poor countries _Unit5The rules for school parties _ old peoples home visit _-childrens hospital visit _另外A friend of my fathers _ a map of the world _Nothing in the world_ what on earth_first of all_学情研究与对策第一点我有67名学生，根据学生成绩分成A，B，C和D四组。在15个班中他们属于中等。上课时顾此失彼。我觉得要点归纳6，在差异中学习很重要，学生对“正偏结构、偏正结构”不能理解。学生对“八仙过海”中的张果老倒骑毛驴印象却很深刻，联系到语言中也有倒过来翻译的现象，可他们却熟视无睹。因此打好、夯实这些基础，对以后学习名词性从句中的定语从句、同位语从句以及倒装句等等，很有好处。干巴巴地讲“时间状语、地点状语”“介词词组”放在句子的后面，是学不好英语的。（当然悟性好的除外。）尝试一下倒过来翻译：Unit1 live on a space station 在太空站生活 live in an apartment with my best friends 同我最好的朋友们住在公寓里 people in the future 未来的人们 do the same things as us 同我们做相同的事情 be fun to watch 观看起来趣味盎然There will be more robots everywhere.到处将会有更多的机器人Look for people under buildings寻找建筑物下的人们Unit2Stay at home every night 每晚逗留在家talk about it on the phone 在电话上谈论它write a letter to him 给他写一封信 borrow some money from sb. 从某人那儿借一点钱Has the same haircut as I do同我的发型一样 advice for sb. 给某人的忠告plan sth.for sb.为某人计划某事 what to do 去做什么everyone else 别的每一个人be popular at school 在学校很受人欢迎 Lots of things you could do 你可以做的许许多多的事情Unit3At ten oclock in the morning 在早晨10点钟 a cat in a tree 在树上的一只猫buy sth at the train station在火车站卖东西running with another dog同另外一只狗奔跑 events in history历史上的大事件Unit4What was happening outside 外面正在发生着什么 got really mad at 对-真正发狂 get over it （自己）把作业做掉 students in a poor mountain village 在贫困山区村庄的学生们teach in rural areas在郊区教书 2,000 meters above sea level 海拔高于2，000米life in the mountain山区的生活 no difference between you and them他们和你之间没有区别 a good start in life 生活中的良好开端doctors without borders 无国界的医生 sick people in poor countries 穷国的病人Unit5The rules for school parties 学校晚会的规定 old peoples home visit 参观敬老院 childrens hospital visit 参观儿童医院travel around the world 环球旅行 crazy enough 足够的疯狂 everybody else 别的每一个人a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一位朋友 a map of the world 世界地图nothing in the world 根本没有什么东西 what on earth 究竟是什么first of all 首先（在所有当中顺序