individual development (工业发展).docVIP

What can we learn from the past and now industry flows and productionAbstractThis essay shows the history of the development of human industry, the different between the before and now of the flows of products and production, finally, it is my own analysis and prediction about what we need in the future industry accordin gto the past changes.IntroductionIn the per-industrial age, human mainly focus on the agriculture, they have a low level of productivity and imperfect productive flow before the invention of machine and exploration of fossil fuel. At that time, people consumed the products that are grown locally, so that they rarely had communication and trade with other place. Staring in the late 18th and early 19th century, humans harnessed the power of steam and coal to run machine, and the result was an explosion of material abundance and trade development. The industrial age began. After that, artificial products explosion that scale of foreign trade, aiming to make more profits. Some developed areas including the seaboards of Europe, the eastern United States plundered the other under-development countries for a cheap labor power and abundant of raw material. Until now, the international background is mainly the economic ties among different nations tended to be widen and deepen at the peace and development times. As the economic globalization of the world develops rapidly day by day among various counties, and the mutual dependence is strengthened further. Nowadays, economic globalization has become an overwhelming tendency in the world, and will continuously develop as time goes on. In a conclusion, humans behaviors changed with those development. Why did those changes appear in the industrial age? What will human do in the future to achieve their goal? We will do the discussion following.The history of development of world industryIn 14 to 15 century, technology of production improved in the western Europe. Due to the good location and environment, which promote the development and prosperity of local commodity economy. After that, people produced an excess of farm products and they need more people to help to process raw material into the other products. The new relationship between employer and employee existed while a lot of manufacturing and workshop set up. Since Europe had fertile soil and predominant geological location, agriculture developed well at the initial time, plenty of food well-being living condition lead to increasing of population, a part of people still work on soil,and the other become the workers in the factories, the boss of the factories, and the merchant to sell products from the factories, even a scientist. The early capitalism built up. After the explosion of new new channel, the gravity of commercial trade turned to the wide of Atlantic from the central of Europe. In the 19th , with the invention of steam machine, national resource in Europe land were not enough to support the development of industry. People stared to explore the market and enough source in other place like Asia, actually they did it. The development of Europe drive the Asia and America to develop, the world stared to be integrated together by the trade behaviors. Human tried to make the trade profits maximum, even using some harmful means which can damage peoples rights or cause pollution to the environment in the early capitalism. At least, world economy was developing, capitalism aggressiveness as well as the world rank smell of blood capital primitive accumulation also made problems that needs to be solved to our future generations.Contrast between earlier industry and later industryThere are three main difference between the early industry and the later industry. The first one is technical progress, which is the most obvious . The technology people use in the later industry, which makes productivity efficiency raise greatly large machines are applied to the oil and gas exploration, advanced technology is used into resource developing industries. Scientific progress also need technical support, scientist can use more simple and obvious way to look deeply into the heart things, which include the nature, function, characters, guidenliness and principles. The results of scientific research leaks back into the industrial production. There are interaction between industry and science, and leading to the acceleration of technology and production. So in the development of later industry is becoming faster and faster with the support of advanced technology. On the other hand, in the early industry, some transportation and relative policies are incomplete, the flow of knowledge and products were limited, which cause some region had developed well, but the other were not. Some countries or districts might master the core technologies but the other were still use the primary ways, the backgrounds in technology and knowledge lead the difference of national strength like military and productivity and the different nature of society. The gap between some western countries and Asia countries stared at that time. After that, during the colony and world war, the connect between countries have significant change with a high price. The second one is situation of the industry is completely different. In last several century, the storage of many kind of nature resources is abundant, after the successful exploration and procession of fossil fuel, the working efficiency and power of machines are rapidly raised, meanwhile, the storage of those energy in the nature become less and less, until now, followed with the raising cost of fuel in production process. In the future, if we still have no idea about the substitutes about the fuel or renewable energy, what will happened at that time, we can not image that. On the other hand, worker in the past are more simple, or we need higher qquality off work force now. In the past, people just get a simple training about how to finish the work by their hands, but now, those simple work can be completed by machines or robots, the factories need their workers not only to know how to do their work, but also to know how the machines work and how to fix the machines, so that they need people who has relative knowledge, which need to learn for several of years, but not be trained d in several days. People who did not learn that knowledge and abilities will have a weaker competitive than people who have that when they are looking for a job. Without that necessary abilities, workers will lose their jobs, consumption will loss their market, the countries will loss their statue in the international The flows of products and production partly reflect the trend of social development , globalization. Globalization has altered the competitive dynamics of nations, firms, and manufacturing factories. It is more clearly that in changing the pattern of international trade, where the explosive growth of impact in developed countries indicates that the center of gravity for the production and export of manufactures has moved to an ever expanding array of newly industrializing economics(NIEs) in the third world(Gray.1999). The countries in the third world are countries with instable industrial foundation and low GDP that not belonging to the global economy, some of which are still confusing by national issues like democracy or civil war due to the colonial or unpeaceful past.the products made from those countries could hardly meet the needs in the first countries because the different idea in a same thing or the poor quality. Those less developed countries have a weaker competitive in the international market. Furthermore, capitalist countries will create animus, political in lighting , even the military action(Roel, 2009). Therefor, it is important for developing countries to devote to international trade to grow national economy, while can help countries under-developed to develop and achieve the final goal of development. Development of flows of products and productionA good, or production, from raw materiel to a final good, it must be processed by some specific and routing ways in the factory. With the respect to production, it changed from handicraft skills steam-mechanization and later to electrification. In the handicraft stage, people produced by their hand s completely, including manufacture, using the power of human or animal to transport and load or unload, checking variety of facilities or services by eyesight or manual tools. Obviously, the problems of low efficiency and inspection error cause by manual inspection are inevitable at that age. In the steam-mechanization, simple machine changed the working way of labors, release the working pressure of working pressure of worker so that workers have more power to do the other work or their own life. However, the price for increasing productivity is that serious pollution and waste of energy to the future generation. In the modern day, in order to increase the efficiency of producing, factory usually use production line to quantity production. They always production method process increase the productivity rapidly and make the products of manufacturing much cheaper than former.The goods in the past are different of that in today, not because they become the antique and have value of research in history. The capital, usage , raw material, production way are all changed. Before the worlds first industrial revolution, the tertiary industry takes a large part of world industry. Human rely on natural resources that most of them are renewable , such as food, fiber, fuel, clean freshwater-were depend on solar-driven natural system and agroecosystem. (John. Charles. Haal. David. William.2009 )there are low use of nonrenewable resources, human cause little influence on the world carbon cycle. The products were always made by hand, usually they were used special equipment or complex process control in the most case, and the branch of products made in the same time may be huge different between each others, since they were made by human. Although products made modern technology also can be different, but the error is usually ting and can be control in a small scale. In the modern day, people willing to buy stock that have any of the use value, we enjoin lining on the sofa and just waiting our money increase. Our assets can not reflect our wealth, our money in the bank can. The emphasis of products is on the appearance function or working speed, even the brand is important. In the industrial aspect, the methods of production also changed. To produce a product, more efficient way is producing different single parts in different factory in the same time.finally assembling them in the destination. We made products on assemble line, everything on assemble line is routinization, one line can only made one kind of production, we can not change the fixed routing of the lines temporarily. But the design and function of goods could be more creative and diversity then before. Whats more, the destination of a line could be anywhere in the world, every countries and districts have different need and specialty and they can work on their strengths, so that the connection between countries has been setting up during the co-operative period, for example, a well performance plant, the wings are made by America, the engine is made by German.The other three factors about industrial production in the futureBesides the internal factors of industrial production, the external factors also should be taken into consideration. Economy can not be separated form politic, the normal economic activities should be supported by the stable condition. There are several questions about the future. (a)Why we need policy in the international trade and what kind of policy we need in the futureNowadays, trade just like a huge net in all around the world that connects every single parts, everything is in the net and working together. The policy is a protection system in the net, it ensures the fairness of the bargain, the complete of transaction system, availability and accuracy of international trade, cost-effectiveness, and timely distribution. Policy is the rule that made by every member in the international net, following that can actually benefit both side of a countries. We will use macroeconomic to explain the important of policy. We live in a world which market is determined by the demand and supply, that means, peoples demand, needs, preference and ability to consumption determine the trend of market in a huge scale. Even a under-developed countries has its market, the basic consumption need, any products into the market definitely cause consume and finally bring profits, whatever it comes form. However, without necessary policies or rules to plan the market, it could become a trade-aggression or a economy crisis. For example, the importer may be a developed country, maybe it can import a kind of semi-finished products from a developing country since the price is more cheaper, and then rework the good and sell it to others countries with a higher price for a huge profit, or they just pay much more salary to the local labor, which is still cheap comparing with the others. The local companies or factories have no competitiveness facing with those foreign companies. Some capitalist countries even ban to import and export goods from a developed country in order to some political aims. The market can not satisfy the need of consumers or the the consumers have no ability to afford it. In the developing countries products can be easily purchased, rather than stored in some massive inventory for future. In addition, sound economic policy can release the impact of economic crisis. In my own opinion, the economic policy can control the scale and important by control the market. Government can limit the supply in case the inflation.(b)What kinds of labor we need in the future? Previously, we talked about the productivity is the key element to participant in international trade. According to the productivity, labor is a factor that can not be ignored. In capitalist primitive accumulation in Europe, people explored the new land, America, an adequate work force and long work time supported the initial productive development in north America. For same reasons, in order to participant in international trade, making good use of national labor should be concerned. On the other hand, increasing the productivity can solve a kind of social problems. For example, increasing the number or labor could reduce the unemployed rate. In nineteen trite-three, during the Great Depression, the America government adopted economic recovery plan that spending large amount of money to construct social facilities like dam, school. According to the results of that plan, it is key of utilize the available labor in a country, not only can release the pressure of unemployed and a series of issues, but also complement a full rage of practical and social facilities. After that, the labor affects the less developed countries to realize that the lack of trains and less efficiency of labor lead to a countries less developed than a developed. Adam Smith assumed that labor is most important means of judging the riches of a nation, just like the climate is more important then fertile soil. In other words, the wealth of nation lies in the useful employment of workers, and not in the monetary results of that labor(Roel.2009). （c）Transportation in now and futureThe final step of flows of products and productions is transport, parts need to be brought to the destination and the final goods need to be bright to the market. Transportation is also a important part of production and trade. A better transportation system can boost both international and local trade prosperity and break down barriers to geography. For example, in the coastal region, the import and export trade scale are more large, and trade movement happened more frequently than inland region, since it has more predominant geological location, so that geological location leads to that some productions and goods made in inland region can not be sold to far place. Transportation can promote economic development in inland by opening the door to trade. For transportation, trade transportation pattern should be taken into consideration, usually it has three different kind of ways, shipment, airliner transport, inland transport. According to the shipment, it was the only way to connect each continent in the past, those amazing feat of human endeavor were completed by ship, like Magellan made the trip round the world, Zheng Hes voya