Lecture 1-8(中英句子).doc

Lecture One 定语从句原句Other government activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitution and laws.译文各州都有自己的宪法和法律，承担政府的其他职能。原句Within each state are counties, townships, cities and villages, each of which has its own elective government.译文各州下属辖县，镇，市，村，皆有其民选政府。一 省略法 1. One of the features of London is the number of big stores, most of which are to be found in or near the West End.译文伦敦一大特色是大商店多，大多数位于西区及其周边地区。2. Another feature of Londons shopping life is the chain store, in which prices are low and a wide variety of goods are offered.译文伦敦购物生活另一特色是连锁店，里面价格低廉，提供各种商品。3. Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the sensational, which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events.译文美国报纸和其他国家一样，既有耸人听闻的小报，报道犯罪，色情和小道消息，也有严肃报刊，聚焦实事新闻，分析国际时事。4. E-commerce is a challenging and dynamic area where change, growth and innovation are the norm.译文电子商务是一个充满挑战，充满活力的领域，变革发展和创新是其根本准则。5. Scientists have been devoted to developing high-yield rice varieties that sparked the green revolution in the 1970s.译文科学家致力于开发高产水稻品种，从而引发了20世纪70年代的绿色革命。二 重复法6. The high-tech explosion has created a new group of workers that like challenge and treasure the independence and the diversity of work.译文高科技迅速发展，造成了一批新的员工，他们喜欢挑战，珍视独立和工作的多样性。7. Cambridge University has nurtured great scientists, thinkers and poets such as Newton, Bacon, Byron, Milton and Darwin, who made outstanding contribution to the progress of mankind.译文剑桥大学培养出了诸如牛顿，培根，拜伦，弥尔顿，达尔文这样的伟大科学家，思想家和诗人，他们为人类的进步做出了杰出的贡献。8. Not long from now, the seemingly endless expansion of computer power that has propelled the digital revolution of the past two decades will stop unless major breakthroughs take place.译文电脑的功能似乎在无止境地扩大，推动了过去二十年的数字革命，然而在不久的将来，如果没有大的突破，这种扩大将会终止。9. Opposition to generically modified foods had come mostly from rich Western countries, whose people had more than enough to eat.译文大部分反对转基因食品的呼声来自于富裕的西方国家，那里的人民生活富足，不愁温饱。10. People in the United States experience a wide range of options in their daily lives, which reflect individual personalities and situations and contribute to the richness of American life.译文美国人的日常生活五彩缤纷，个人选择的生活方式反映出每个人的个性和所处的环境，各种不同的选择丰富了美国人的生活内容。三融合法11. The idea that the family is the traditional unit of society is challenged by American youth who are increasingly turning down marriage.译文家庭是社会的传统组成成分，而美国青年越来越拒绝婚姻，是这种观念受到了挑战。12. Apple pie is a favorite sweet, and English puddings, of which there are various types, are an excellent ending to a meal, especially in winter.译文苹果馅饼是人们喜爱的甜点，英国布丁品种多样，用作一餐的最后一道点心再好不过，尤其在冬天更是如此。13. The trend of home working is surging in the field of finance where trading can be done via the Internet.译文在金融界可以通过互联网进行交易，在家上班的潮流正在金融界兴起。14Todays Japan is totally different from the Japan of five decades ago, particularly in social attitudes, which have strayed from traditional Asian values.译文今天的日本和五十年前完全不同，尤其是社会观念已经偏离了传统的亚洲价值观念。15. Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation.译文通常热带地区阳光强烈，而其他地区海水蒸发量不如热带地区那么大，因此这些地区海水咸度要高些。16. The United States is an active participant in international organizations including the United Nations where it is a permanent member of the Security Council. 译文美国积极参加国际组织，是联合国安理会常任理事国。17. Consumers will want roomier cars that are smaller outside, safer cars that weigh less, and better performing vehicles that are affordable.译文消费者想要购买的轿车是空间更宽敞，外形却更小巧，车子重量更轻，却更为安全；购买力所能及，性能更好。18. The US, which led the way in the first phase of the Internet evolution, is still a mighty presence on the Global 100.译文 美国在网络发展的初级阶段处于领先地位，目前在全球百强企业内仍然占据强有力的地位。Lecture Two 被动句的翻译1Our foreign policy is supported by people all over the world.译文我国的外交政策受到了全世界人民的支持。2Americans prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others.译文美国人宁愿之自我约束，不愿受人约束。3A police court is preside over by a magistrate, who tries the cases without a jury.译文警察法庭由地方法官主持，法官审理各种案件，无须陪审团。4More than 50,000 computers at websites were infected by a computer virus that is spreading rapidly around the world.译文一种电脑病毒在全世界迅速传播，网上五万多台电脑遭到侵袭。（二）采用原主语，省略被动句。5The risk of the global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced.译文 全球核冲突的危险已经大大减少。6. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are roiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored death.译文广义地说，人可分为三类：有些人辛劳而死，有些人忧愁而死，有些人烦闷而死。7. The euro was inspired by the idea of creating “a country called Europe”.译文欧元诞生于“欧洲一体化”的设想。2. Movies were first made in Hollywood before WWI.译文 一战前好莱坞首次制作了电影。3. In 1849 gold was discovered in California in the mountains near San Francisco and so started the famous Gold Rush.译文1849 年加里佛尼亚旧金山附近的山里发现了黄金，由此开始了有名的淘金热。4. The consumer spending was dampened in the regional financial crisis in Asia.译文亚洲地区金融危机抑制了消费。11. The nations fervor for brand-name goods cant be quenched even in the economic recession in Japan.译文经济衰退也无法浇灭日本人对名牌产品的热情。12. The mobile phone boom is driven by young adults.译文 年轻人推动了移动电话市场的繁荣。13. Promising young executives are more motivated by the prospect of challenge and responsibility.译文未来的挑战和责任更能激励年轻有为的行政人员。14. The ever increasing demand for private cars could be halted by more investment in public transport.译文公共交通增加投入，可以抑制不断增长的私车需求。15. The USA is reputed to be a classless society.译文人们都说美国是个无阶级社会。16. It is believed that nuclear power is among the greatest innovations of our time. But it is also feared it will bring the end of the world.译文我们相信核能是当代最伟大的发明之一，但是我们也担忧核能会带来世界末日。17. Science is often referred to as a double-edged sword, increasing our wealth and comfort while leaving people in fear of potential dangers like human cloning.译文人们常说科学是把双刃剑，增长了财富，带来了安逸的同时，也是人们恐惧着克隆人之类的潜在危险。18. It is commonly believed that hot climates reduce peoples energy and that people of the south walk and talk more slowly than the busy northerners.译文(大家)通常认为，炎热的气候降低了人的活力，南方人走路和说话都比忙碌的北方人慢。19. The National Security Agency in US is accused of reading other peoples e-mails around the world in its search for military and commercial secrets.译文1美国国家安全局在全球范围内偷窥他人的电子邮件，获得军事和商业秘密，受到了指责。译文2人们指责美国国家安全局在全球范围内偷窥他人的电子邮件，获得军事和商业秘密。原文:20Heads of federal departments are named by the President, and judges are either elected directly by the people pr are appoint by elected officials.译文 联邦政府个别部长由总统任命，法官又人民直接选举，或者由选举出来的官员任命。21. Voting ballots are unsigned and marked by the voters in private booths.译文选票不记名，由选民在隔离的投票站内填写。22. When the Constitution was written in 1787, there were only 13 states.译文1789年拟定联邦宪法时，美国只有13个州。23 Over the years 26 amendment6s have been added, but the basic document has not been changed.译文 多年以来共增加了26项修正案，但是宪法的基本文献始终未变。24. Individual rights and freedom are assured in the Constitution and are listed in the first 10 amendments called “the Bill of Rights”, which were added in 1791.译文 个人的权利和自由在宪法中得到保障，并列入1791年增添的最初10项修正案，该项10修正案统称为“人权法案”。Lecture Three 词语的选择，引申和褒贬一 词义的选择1. It has been said that the individual American is generous, but that the American nation is hard.译文人们说美国人慷慨大方，而美国确吝啬小气。2. IBM has a quite handsome increase of productivity this year.译文IBM公司金面的生产率有了大幅度提高。3. Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century.译文信息技术将成为21世纪全球经济竞争的中心。4. The Chinese Americans in the Chinatowns are very self-contained and industrious.译文 华裔美国人居住在唐人街中，勤劳苦干，自成一体5. The largest American cities are a diverse group , but they share certain problems.译文美国的大城市形形色色，却有许多共同的问题。6. Throughout the year, television and print advertising promotes appropriate gifts and products for many holidays.译文电视和报纸杂志的广告终年都在位各种节目促销适合的礼物和产品。7. The expansion of educational opportunities promoted the American ideal of equal opportunity for all.译文由于教育不断普及，推动了机遇面前人人平等的美国理想的实现。（二） 根据词在据中的搭配关系选择和确定词义8. Race relations in the USA continue to be a thorny problem.译文美国的种族关系一直是棘手的问题。9. Hollywoods fame and fortune reached its peak in the 1930s and 1940s, the golden days of the black and white movies.译文20世纪三四十年代是黑白电影的黄金时期，此时好莱坞的声誉和财富都达到了顶峰。10. Traditional consumer attitudes are a major obstacle for cybermerchants.译文 传统的消费观念是网上销售的主要障碍。11. The diverse population presents great challenges to the society; racism and discrimination remain problems.译文多民族的人口结构也给社会到来一定的问题，种族歧视和偏见依然存在。12. The wide expanse of the United States contains vast resourcesland, forests, and mineralsthat have formed the basis for successful economic development.译文 美国幅员辽阔，有着土地，森林和矿产等丰富的自然资源，这些资源为美国经济的成功发展奠定了基础。13. Wildfires caused by lightning or human carelessness are a serious problem in heavily forested areas.译文雷电和人们大意引起的漫天山火威胁着茂密的森林地区。14. Both newspapers and periodicals are heavily dependent on advertising for financial support.译文报纸和杂志的经费来源主要是依靠广告收入。15. High-risk, high-reward Internet jobs are losing their luster.译文 高风险，高回报的网络职业正渐渐失去吸引力。16. Parents and family friends attend school games to support the children.译文父母和亲朋一起去学校观看体育比赛， 为自己的孩子助阵加油。17. A major step in the 1970s was the introduction of affordable personal computers.译文20世纪70年代计算机发展的另一个重要进步是一般人可以买的起的个人电脑问世。18. Education has also served national purposes.译文教育也为国家利益服务。19. New York City is home to the United Nations and a host of corporate headquarters.译文 纽约是联合国总部和许多公司总部的所在地。20 Geography has given the United States extensive and accessible resources, fertile land, and a beneficial climate.译文 地理位置为美国提供了丰富的可利用资源，肥沃的土地和有利的气候.二 词义的引申 21. A recent survey revealed that the divorce rate has rocketed as womens financial dependence on men has plummeted.译文最近一项调查表明，随着妇女经济上对男性的依赖大大减弱，离婚率直线上升。22. The percentage of US children living without their father present has ballooned.译文美国没有父亲的单亲孩子比例激增。23. After hundreds of years of slow growth, the cities are suddenly racing off in every direction.译文1数百年来，城市发展缓慢，而现在却突然向四面八方迅速扩展。译文2经过数百年的缓慢发展后，城市现在突然向四面八方迅速扩展。24. The United States began life as an independent country in 1776.译文1776年，美国正是成为一个独立国家。25. E-commerce has not yet been enthusiastically embraced.译文电子商务至今没有受到人们热情的拥护支持。26. The American greeting card and decoration industries encourage the celebration of both religious and secular holidays.译文美国的节日贺卡和装饰业增添了宗教节日和习俗节日的欢乐气氛。27. The most important role of a movie is to bridge differences.译文1电影最要的功能是沟通不同的文化。译文2 电影最要的功能是在不同的文化架设沟通的桥梁。28. The music industry is getting raided by the Internet because it is so easy to make unauthorized copies of songs.译文因为网上未经授权即可很容易地翻录歌曲，影响也正受到因特网的冲击。29. No sooner was the avalanche of Christmas cards swept away the publishers began to fill the shops with their novel valentines.译文铺天盖地的圣诞卡刚刚撒下，出版商就着手用新奇的情人卡把商店装得满满的。30. The habit of sending gifts is dying out, which is disappointing for the manufacturers, who nevertheless still hopefully dish out presents for Valentines Day in an attempt to cash in.译文 送礼物的习惯日见消失，令生产商大失所望，但仍然充满希望地展示各种情人节礼物，以图获利。三 词义的褒贬31. The popularity of television and the difficulty of financing plays have helped to close many theatres. But now it seems the theatre is about to pick up again after a period of decline.译文 32. Great knowledge, experience and wisdom will help a man in a top position to achieve his ambition.译文广博的知识，丰富的经验和无穷的智慧对处于高位的人实现自己的抱负将大有裨益。33. Between 1689 and 1763, Great Britain and France fought a series of European wars which involved the North American colonies.译文1689年至763年间，英法两国连年的欧洲之战，是北美的欧洲殖民地也卷入其中。34. The modern American economy has never been completely free from government involvement.译文现代美国经济从来没有完全脱离过政府的干预。35. The increase in DINK families has shattered the traditional idea of Chinese family.译文丁克家庭的增多冲击了传统的中国家庭观念。36. Casual dress has long been the norm for those working in the high-tech sector, but it is beginning to creep into mainstream corporate culture.译文 长期以来休闲装束常见眼高科技领域的职员中，然而现在却开始渐渐渗人主流企业文化。*37It should be noted that although the United States operates a system of private enterprise, government has to some extent always been involved in regulation and guiding the American Economy.译文应当指出，尽管美国实行的是私人企业制度，政府在一定程度上一直参与调控和指导经济。38Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote the public safety, assure fair competition, and provide a range of service believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.译文 联邦，州和地方各级政府致力于促进公共安全，确保公平竞争，并提供一系列适宜于国有而非私营的公用事业。39In the last decade consumers have made their concern known and government has responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare.译文在过去的十年里，消费者反映了所关心的问题，政府据此设立了各种机构来保护消费者的利益，促进公共福利事业。40In another development, the population and the labor force have moved dramatically from farms to cities, from the fields to the factories, and above all to service industries, thus providing more personal and public service.译文 另一种情况随之出现，大量的人口和劳动力从农村迁往城市，离开农田进入工厂，尤其是进入服务行业工作，从而提供了更多个人服务和公益服务。42Shes developed some very strange habits since she started living on her own.译文她开始读居住后，以养成了些怪癖。43Large cracks have begun to develop in the wall of the house.译文墙壁上开始出现大裂缝。44This exercise is designed to develop the shoulder and back muscles.译文这种运动旨在锻炼肩部和背部肌肉。45For some reason, the last film I took didnt develop properly.译文由于某种原因，我上回拍的照片胶卷冲得不好。46The study showed that one in twelve women is likely to develop breast cancer.译文研究表明，十二分之一的女性易患乳腺癌。47Theres been a lot of housing development in the area.译文该地区已经开发了大量的房地产。48 Generally, there are three kinds of businesses; those started and managed personally by single owner or single entrepreneurs; the partnership where two or more people share the risks and rewards of a business; and the corporation where shareholder as owners can buy and sell their shares at any time on the open market.译文 一般来说，企业分为三种：（1）个体业主或个体企业家自己开办经营的企业；（2）两人或两人以上共同承担风险，分享赢利的合伙企业；（3）股份公司，股东作为公司所有人任何时候都可以在公开市场上买卖公司股票。49This latter structure, by far the most important, permits the amassing of large sums of money by combing investments of many people, making possible large-scale enterprises.译文 现在第三种企业组成方式最为重要，因为股份公司可以汇集许多热的投资，聚成大量资金，从而得以创办大型企业。Lecture Four 作为状语的-ing和-ed分词短语的翻译 P. 191. 原句Including the states of Alaska and Hawaii, the United States covers an area of 9 million square kilometers.译文如果把阿拉斯加和夏威夷两个州包括在内，美国的总面积达到九百万平方公里。2. 原句A fast railroad train, traveling 96 kilometers an hour, takes more than 48 hours to cross the country.译文1 如果高速列车以96公里的时速行驶，横跨美国需要48小时以上。译文2 时速为96公里的高速列车横跨美国需要48小时以上。3. 原句 One in five Americans moves to a new home every year seeking new job opportunities, a better climate, or for other reasons. 译文为了寻找新的工作机遇，更加宜人的气候，或者是其他种种原因，每年有五分之一的美国人迁往新的地方。4. 原句 Continuing into the West, the plane flies over vast prairies and rough cattle-grazing country.译文飞机继续向美国西部飞行，越过辽阔的大草原和高低起伏的牧场。5. 原句 After crossing these high ranges, the plane can almost glide down into the rich valleys of California and, finally, to a landing not far from the beaches of the Pacific Ocean.译文 飞机越过重重山峦之后，就可以滑翔而下，进入加利福尼亚富饶的谷地，最后降落在离太平洋沿岸不远的地方。6. 原句The mixture among consumers, producers，and government changes constantly, making a dynamic rather than a static economy. 译文消费者，生产社和政府三者之间的关系经常发生变化，从而形成动态经济而非静态经济。变为定语，连上主句 P. 277 Lacking communications between generations, some families are upset by the wideninggeneration gap.译文因为两代人间缺乏交流，一些家庭代沟加深，深感烦恼。8Being a major concern now, the problem of cyber security calls for government measures for improvement.译文1 网上安全问题现在引起人们的关注，因此需要政府采取措施，增强网上安全。译文2网上安全现在已经成为人们关注的主要问题，因此需要政府采取措施，增强网上安全。9 Swallowing small companies, the big media corporations will be able to control what Americans read and watch.译文如果吞并众多小公司，大媒体集团将能控制美国人的视听。10. Having brought about a lifestyle revolution, Internet use is threatened by hackers repeated attacks of the computer systems of important organization.译文尽管因特网带来了生活方式的革命，黑客屡次入侵重要机关的电脑系统，使因特网受到了威胁。11. In due course, having received a summons, the motorist who commits a motoring offence will appear in a police court.译文开车者驾车违章，在一定时间内回抽到传票，之后要出席通常所说的警察法庭。12. Functioning like a magnet, Hollywood draws ambitious young people from all over the world.译文好莱坞如同一块磁石，吸引了世界各地一心成名的年轻人。13. Staggering from a skilled labor, Asia was hit by the financial crisis in mid-1997.译文亚洲由于缺乏高技术人才，1997年遭受了金融危机的重创。14 Extending 1,600 kilometers from the Appalachian Mountains in the east to the Rocky Mountains in the West, the Mid western Region is the largest in the United States.译文 中西部地区东起阿巴拉契亚山脉，西至落基山脉，绵延，600公里，是美国最大的地区。15. Taking off all across Asia, E-commerce is creating a new world of consumer choice and distinctly Asian versions of online giants.译文 电子商务在亚洲地区开始腾飞，使消费者有了选择的新天地，同时也出现了具有亚洲特色的网上巨型公司。16. Sweeping across Asia, an information technology revolution is causing and acute shortage of hi