2015届高考英语一轮复习讲义.doc

Unit 3Under the sea晨背三部曲（话题：热点话题）满分佳作(2013福建高考)孩子的成长和教育是社会热议的话题，现今父母包揽一切、孩子过度依赖等现象十分严重。请阅读漫画，按要求用英文写一篇短文。 内容要求： 1.描述漫画内容；2.分析漫画所揭示的问题；3.提出你的看法。From the picture we can see a family of three walking on a long red carpet. The son, well dressed, waves proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet, sweating. It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents. Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success. As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.Such a situation is of great concern. In my opinion, overprotection and too much care are extremely bad for childrens development. Instead of doing everything for them, parents should encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves. Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.热身体验句式仿写1It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.Theres a feeling that_Ill_never_know_it (我将永远不会知道这件事)2As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.The noise wasso_loud_outside_that_I_could_sleep_no_longer (外面的噪声这么大，我再也睡不着觉了).词海拾贝 基础记忆1shallow adj.浅的；肤浅的；浅显的2witness vt. 当场见到；目击n. 目击者；证人；证据3opposite prep. 在对面adj. 相对的；相反的4pause vi.& n. 暂停；中止5flee vi. 逃避；逃跑vt. 逃离6urge vt. 催促；极力主张；驱策7target n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象8narrow adj. 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的9sharp adj. 锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的10annual adj.每年的；按年度计算的 n年刊；年鉴annually adv.每年地；年度地anniversary n周年纪念11accommodation n住所；住宿accommodate vt.提供住宿12abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的13reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考reflection n反射；反映14aware adj.意识到的；知道的awareness n意识；觉悟15conservation n保存；保护conserve vt.保存；保藏16scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的17tasty adj.好吃的；可口的taste v品尝；有味道 n味道；喜好tasteless adj.无味的；不可口的语境记忆18If you want to join our club, theres an annual membership fee of $100 and the organization holds an anniversary publishing its list of members annually.(annual)19We turned the bicycle lights off to conserve the batteries and the conservation is necessary.(conservation)20Though the soup is tasty,_Ive lost my sense of taste and it tastes just like tasteless water.(tasty)篇章记忆Have you witnessed many abandoned old people without accommodation and pension？Some urge that the government should be aware of what it reflects and try to help them out.短语互译 1.在此期间；与此同时in_the_meantime2帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难 help_(.)_out3对知道、明白；意识到 be/become_aware_of4上下翻转 upside_down5阻挡 hold_up6(be) scared to death 吓死了7draw near 靠近8sort out 整理；分类；收拾9aim at 瞄准10be about to do sth. 正要做某事.句型一览 1.a timewhen引导的定语从句It_was_a_time_when (那个时期) the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.2see .doing . 看到正在做We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing_itself_out_of_water (从水中冲出来) and then crashing_down (坠落) again.3with的复合结构作状语Im sitting in the warm night air with_a_cold_drink_in_my_hand (手持一杯冷饮) and reflecting on the day a day of pure magic!4where ., there be . “在的地方有”，where引导地点状语从句The water was quite shallow but where_the_reef_ended， there_was (在珊瑚礁尽头的地方有) a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.语法自测被动语态(含v.ing形式)完成句子1Not_having_been_informed_of the meeting notice, she was absent from the meeting.(inform)因未得到会议通知，她缺席了会议。2With lots of old houses (being)_torn_down and new buildings going up, our city is taking on a quite new look.(tear)随着大量旧房子的拆除和新建筑物的建立，我们的城市正呈现出崭新的面貌。3Puppies need to be exercised and they also enjoy being_taken_outdoors for a walk.(take)小狗需要锻炼，它们也喜欢被带出户外散步。4Being_offered_the_opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made him overjoyed.(offer)有机会在毕业典礼上演讲使他欣喜若狂。5The thief just missed being_caught and the police were discussing a new plan.(catch)小偷刚刚逃脱了抓捕，现在警察正在讨论一个新方案。1.witness n目击者；证人；证据 vt.当场见到；目击(1)a witness to sth.某事的证人/证明bear/give witness to sth. 为作证；证明in witness of 作为的证据(2)witness for 为作证witness to sth./doing sth. 作证证明某事/目睹某事发生Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over.(2012山东阅读C)彼得斯和其他在Park Plaza及其附近工作的人员多次目睹了松鼠被碾压。The success of the show bears witness to our good planning.演出的成功证明我们计划周全。【语境串记】The witness who witnessed the accident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness. 这名目睹了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应作证人。【对点练习】用witness及其相关短语的适当形式填空The National Day of 2013 witnessed so many traffic jams on the express way.His good health is a_witness_to the success of the treatment.The driver witnessed_to having seen the man enter the building.2.urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策 n强烈的欲望；冲动(1)the urge to do sth.做某事的冲动(2)urge sth./sb.on 驱策(动物)/鼓励(某人)urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事urge o doing sth. 催促某人做某事urge that . (should) do sth. 极力主张；强调It is urged that . (should) do sth. 坚决要求And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does well, perhaps youll understand why.(2012福建阅读D)下次在电影院里有人打喷嚏而你也有这种冲动时，可能你就会理解为什么了。He urged on his pupils the importance of hard work.他向学生们力言用功的重要性。It is urged that the government (should) take immediate action to prevent such thing happening again.人们极力主张政府应该立即采取措施阻止此类事情的再度发生。【对点练习】对比填空随着期末考试的来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。Our teacher urges3.abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；丢弃；放弃；中止；(与oneself连用)使放纵；使听任 n放任；放纵He shut down the engines to slow the ship making it easier for it to be abandoned.(2011湖南阅读B)为了更容易弃船，他关闭了引擎来降低船速。(1)abandon ones hope/plan/idea 放弃希望/计划/主意abandon oneself to . 沉湎于；纵情 于abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地(3)abandoned adj. 无约束的；无度的；放荡的The bad weather forced them to abandon their plan.恶劣的天气迫使他们终止了计划。The cheerleader waved her arms with wild abandon.拉拉队队长疯狂地挥舞着她的双臂。【对点练习】用abandon及其相关短语的适当形式填空那个孩子被他的父母遗弃了，后来有人发现那个被抛弃的孩子在大街上游荡，他已陷入了绝望。The child was_abandoned by his parents.Later on, the abandoned boy was found wandering in the street, abandoning_himself_to_despair.4.reflect vt.映射；反射；思考 vi.思考(1)reflect sb./sth. in sth. (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像reflect sth. from sth. 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事(2)reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像be lost in reflection 陷入深思中on reflection 再三考虑The sunlight was reflected from the water.阳光由水面反射回来。She sat reflecting on how much had changed since she had bought the farm.她坐在那里思考着自从买下这个农场以来发生了多少变化。【轻松识记】【对点练习】用reflect及其相关短语的适当形式完成下列句子他之所以陷入沉思是因为他正在思考列表中反映出来的问题。The reason why he is_lost_in_reflection is that he is_reflecting_on the problems, which are_reflected_in the list.经过一番考虑后，我认识到她说的话有些道理。On_reflection,_I realized there was some truth in what she said.5.help (.) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助；使(某人)脱离困境He was rushing back to help them out of poverty.(2011陕西完形)他急匆匆地赶回去帮他们摆脱贫穷。(1)help sb.with/(to) do sth.帮助某人某事/做某事cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事cant help but do 只得做；不得不做help yourself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用等)(2)with the help of sb.( with ones help) 在的帮助下without/but for ones help 要不是某人的帮助(常用于虚拟语气中)I cant help wondering who will be the next to carry out the task.我忍不住想谁将是下一个执行这项任务的人。With so much work to do, he cant help but ask help from his friends.由于有如此多的工作要做，他不得不向朋友求助。【对点练习】介、副词填空Please help yourself to some fish.Can you help me out with the maths problem?As he is my best friend, when I am in trouble he will certainly help me out.I cant thank him too much, with the help of whom I have achieved my dream.6.be/become aware of对知道、明白；意识到However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.(2012陕西阅读C)然而重要的是要意识到这些危险，因为每个人不论选择什么样的生活方式都会接触到空气污染。(1)be aware that . 知道；体会到make sb.aware of/that . 使某人注意到；提醒某人注意 as far as Im aware 据我所知(2)awareness n. 知道；认识；意识develop an awareness of . 逐渐懂得I was a millionaire, but was aware that there were a lot of hungry people in the world.我曾是百万富翁，但我意识到世界上还有许多忍饥挨饿的人。It is important that students develop an awareness of valuing parents love.重要的是学生们要逐渐懂得珍惜父母的爱。【对点练习】用aware的相关短语完成下列句子我们正在意识到光污染的负面影响。We are becoming_aware_of the negative effects of light pollution.应当让司机意识到酒后开车的危险。Drivers should be made_aware_of the danger of driving after drinking.opposite prep.在对面 adj. 相对的；相反的 n. 对立；对立人或物opposite to 在对面；和相反flee vi. 逃避；逃跑vt. 逃离flee from 从逃跑drag vt. 拖；拉；扯scare vt. 恐吓vi. 受惊吓scaring adj. 令人害怕的；吓人的scared adj. 受惊吓的；感到害怕的be scared of . ( be afraid of) 对 (某种事物或行为)感到害怕be scared to do ( be afraid to do) 不敢做(be) scared to death 吓死了【对点练习】选词填空What he said was_opposite_to what he did.You should not flee_from responsibility.She dragged a heavy box out_of_a cupboard.She is_scared_of going out alone at night.The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.水很浅，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。【句型透视】(1)where ., there be . 意为“在的地方有”， where引导地点状语从句。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。(2)wherever“在何处；无论何处”也可引导地点状语从句。As far as Im concerned, you are free to go wherever you like.就我个人而言，你愿意去哪里就去哪里。【对点练习】.选词填空(where/wherever)You can sit wherever you like.It grows well where it is warm and rainy.完成句子Where did you come across Tom?It was in the library where_we_read some books the day before yesterday.(read)你在哪儿碰到汤姆的？在我们前天读过几本书的那家书店。Ive made up my mind to go where_Im_most_needed after I graduate from university in two years time.(need)我已经决定两年后大学毕业去最需要我的地方。.单词拼写1The children learned about the relationship (关系) between the moon and the tides.2He paused (暂停) for breath and then continued climbing.3Some people say more but do less while others do the opposite (相反) .4I dragged (拖) the chair over to the window.5We were all moved by the man who dived into a lake over 20 meters in depth_ (深) to save the little boy.6Tom was on the way to his friends party when he witnessed (目睹) a traffic accident.7He spent six months in prison before fleeing (逃离) the country.8Dan gave a yell (大叫) of delight when Jason scored a goal.9The report urged (敦促) that all children be taught to swim.10If you cant find any accommodation (住宿) elsewhere, here is an available room.选词填空flee from, be buried in, scare sb. To death, be aware of, urge to, helpout, reflect on 1According to his description, what he saw on the road scared_him_to_death.2Worse still, the car fled_from the scene.3Tom called, urging the doctor to rush to the spot, and he gave first aid to the injured.4Eventually, the injured fortunately was_helped_out of danger. 5I am more than glad to see you buried_in your study.6Take some time to reflect_on your success and failure.7Aware_of still being watched, she glanced up cautiously.根据汉语提示，选用练习、中的句子，加入适当过渡词后联句成篇1汤姆正在前往参加朋友派对的路上，就在这时他目睹了一场交通事故。2这件事把他吓得要死。3更糟糕的是，肇事车辆逃离了现场。4汤姆打电话，敦促医生火速赶往现场。5他对伤者进行了急救。6最终，他帮助伤者脱离了危险。Tom was on the way to his friends party when he witnessed a traffic accident, which scared him to death.Worse still, the car fled from the scene.Firstly, Tom called, urging the doctor to rush to the spot and then he gave first aid to the injured.Eventually, the injured fortunately was helped out of danger.多项选择1When I _ in the kitchen, nothing made me feel better than preparing the eggs and serving them just the way the customers wanted.Ahelped outBfigured outCworked out Dfound out解析：选A句意：我在厨房里帮忙的时候，没有什么比能够完全按照顾客希望的方式做好鸡蛋并给他们端上更让我感到高兴的了。help out“(帮)分担工作”，符合句意，故选A。figure out “算出；想出；理解”；work out “计算出”；find out“查明；弄清楚”。2(2014武汉调研)It snowed heavily last night and we had to use thick sticks to _ the roof of the hut.Ahold on Bhold upChold back Dhold out解析：选B句意：昨天晚上雪下得太大了，我们只好用粗棍子支撑着小屋的屋顶。hold up表示“支持；支撑；延迟；举出”。hold on“等一会；别挂断；坚持住”；hold back“阻挡；抑制；隐瞒”；hold out“伸出；维持”。3We are lucky to be among the generation of people who have _ and experienced the great social changes in our country.Areported BappreciatedCimpressed Dwitnessed解析：选Dreport“报道”；appreciate“欣赏；感激”；impress“留下印象”，均不符合题意；witness“亲眼目睹”，与句意相符。4Generally speaking, how much youre paid _ how important you are to the company you are working for.Areflects Brecords Crecognizes D.returns解析：选A考查动词词义。句意：一般而言，你的薪水多少反映了你在你工作的公司里的重要性。reflect“反映”，符合句意。5After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide _ for the homeless families.Aaccommodation BoccupationCequipment Dfurniture解析：选A句意：地震之后，当地政府首先做的事情是为无家可归的家庭提供住所。既然是“无家可归”，所以要解决的应该是“住所”。accommodation“住宿；住所”；occupation“占有；职业”；equipment“设备”；furniture“家具”，故A项符合。6(2014宜昌调研)My view on the project is the very _ to yours.Thats to say, I dont agree with you at all.Asimilarity BoppositeCoption Ddifference解析：选B句意：关于这个项目我的观点正好和你相反。也就是说，我根本不同意你的意见。opposite“相反；对立”，符合句意。similarity“相似”；option“选择”；difference“差异；不同”。7The other day we watched an Indian show, which supplied us with a _ and interesting window into the countrys culture.Asteep BwildCvivid Dnarrow解析：选C句意：前几天，我们观看了一场印度表演，这场表演为我们了解这个国家的文化提供了一个生动有趣的窗口。vivid“生动的；栩栩如生的”，符合句意。8(2011福建高考)Nowadays, there is a _ increase in childrens creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.Asharp BslightCnatural Dmodest解析：选A句意：当今，孩子的创造力急剧提高，因为他们被鼓励去发展个人才能。sharp “急剧的”，符合句意。slight“轻微的”；natural “自然的”；modest “谦虚的；中等的”。9In the keen competition of this international tennis tournament, she _ won the championship.Aprivately BdistantlyClocally Dnarrowly解析：选D句意：在这次国际网球锦标赛的激烈比赛中，她勉强得了冠军。narrowly“勉强地”。privately“私密地”；distantly“遥远地”；locally“本地地，地方性地”。10We are now enjoying the cool air in the room._， the farmers are harvesting crops in the hot sun.AAbove all BIn other words CAs a result DIn the meantime解析：选Din the meantime“与此同时”，符合句意。above all“首先”；in other words“换句话说”；as a result“结果”。.完成句子1He shut down the engines to slow the ship making_it_easier_for_it_to_be_abandoned.(abandon)他关闭了引擎，降低了船速，从而更容易地把船抛弃。2You are required to write a paper, reflecting_on/upon what you have learned from this experience.(reflect) 要求你写一篇论文，思考你从这次经历中学到的东西。3The famous scientist grew up where_he_was_born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(born)这个著名的科学家在他出生的地方长大，于1930年来到上海。4(2014咸宁高三调研)If the babysitter cannot come tomorrow, do you mind Fred being_left_alone_at_home doing his homework？(leave)如果保姆明天不能来，你介意福奈特独自留在家中做课外作业吗？5This is the first time that my teacher has_criticized_me in public.(criticize)这是我的老师第一次当众批评我。6Meteorologists were trying to find out what_it_was_that contributed to bitter cold weather in Europe.(it)气象学家正努力弄清到底是什么造成了欧洲的严寒天气。7Thank you for your help, without which I_couldnt_have_achieved so much.(achieve)感谢你对我的帮助，如果没有这帮助我不可能取得这么多的成就。8(2014武汉六中调研)Recently air quality in the capital has_been_made_worse because of the heavy fog.(make)最近，因为大雾，首都的空气质量变得更糟糕了。9I wonder if your wife will go to the ball this evening.If your wife goes, so_will_mine/my_wife.(so)我想知道你妻子今晚是否会参加那个舞会。如果你妻子要去的话，我妻子也去。10(2014鄂西高三调研)English, as well as all other subjects, is_of_great_importance.So we must learn it well to be more competent.(importance)除了其他学科，英语也很重要。所以为了更有能力我们必须学好英语。.阅读理解 Do lobsters, crabs (蟹) or other crustaceans (甲壳纲动物) feel pain? We certainly act as if they dont. Most chefs cook lobsters and crabs alive, usually by dumping them in boiling water, along with melted butter. Thats the appeal of crustaceans theres no fresher food. We may feel a bit of guilt, or maybe just discomfort, when we hear the creatures rattling (发出卡嗒卡嗒的声音) around the inside of the pot as the water boils. But that feeling usually dissolves for lobster lovers by the time we crack open a claw and dig out the delicious meat. We wouldnt dream of doing the same thing to a live chicken or a pig which is dead well before the cooking process begins, but those crustaceans are different. They dont even feel pain. Right?Actually, they just might. Thats the conclusion of a new study published in the Journal of Experimental Biology. Robert W. Elwood and Barry Magee of Queens University in Belfast examined the reaction of common shore crabs to small electrical shocks.Ninety crabs were placed in a brightly lit area and were given the choice of moving to one of two dark shelters. (Shore crabs like to hide in dark, tight spaces.) Once theyd made their choice, the crabs in one of the shelters were exposed to an electric shock. After a rest period, the crabs were returned to the lit tank. Most of the crabs went back into the dark shelters, and then the same crabs were given another electric shock. When they were placed back into the lit tank for the third time, the majority of the shocked crabs instead went to the other dark shelter, avoiding the one where they had repeatedly been shocked.As Elwood put it, the crabs choice indicated they wanted to escape the shocks