linux C- gdb调试、Makefile.doc

linux C gdb调试、Makefilegcc可以编译c, c+, object-c, java等众多的语言程序 g+则是专注于和C+。gdb调试GDB 调试器是一个功能强大的工具，它可以做很多的调试工作，如断点，单步跟踪等。 相关命令:下面演示两个例子，追踪快速排序的过程和查看优化后的gcd()算法（方法来自编程之美)观察快速排序：打印数组，查看快速排序中各个元素的位置变化源码：#include #include using namespace std;int partion(int a,int start,int end) int i=start,j=end; int temp=astart; while(ij) while(i=temp) j-; ai=aj; / i are more while(ij & ai=temp) i+; aj=ai; / j are more ai=temp; / at end , i=j return i;void Qsort(int a,int start,int end) if(startend) int d=partion(a,start,end); Qsort(a,start,d); Qsort(a,d+1,end); int main() int a10=3,2,7,5,1,0,9,6,4,11; Qsort(a,0,9); for(int i=0;i10;i+) printf(%d ,ai); printf(n); return 0;指令：edemonlinux:$ g+ -g -o exe main.cppedemonlinux:$ gdb exe(gdb) break 17Breakpoint 1 at 0x4006f4: file main.cpp, line 17.(gdb) runBreakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=0, end=9) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$2 = 3, 2, 7, 5, 1, 0, 9, 6, 4, 11(gdb) continueBreakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=0, end=3) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$3 = 0, 2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 6, 4, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=0, end=0) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$4 = 0, 2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 6, 4, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=1, end=3) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$5 = 0, 2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 6, 4, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=1, end=2) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$6 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 6, 4, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=1, end=1) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$7 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 6, 4, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=2, end=2) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$8 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 6, 4, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=3, end=3) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$9 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 6, 4, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=4, end=9) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$10 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 6, 4, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=4, end=5) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$11 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 6, 7, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=4, end=4) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$12 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 6, 7, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=5, end=5) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$13 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 6, 7, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=6, end=9) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$14 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 6, 7, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=6, end=8) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$15 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 6, 9, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=6, end=7) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$16 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=6, end=6) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$17 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=7, end=7) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$18 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=8, end=8) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$19 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, Qsort (a=0x7fffffffdda0, start=9, end=9) at main.cpp:1717 if(startend)(gdb) p *a10$20 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11(gdb) continueContinuing.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 11 Inferior 1 (process 7467) exited normally计算24, 26的最大公约数:使用gdb查看递归情况，a和是怎样变化的。 源码：#include #include #include using namespace std;typedef long long LL;const LL N=1e5+10;LL odd(LL a) return a&(1LL);LL gcd(LL a,LL b) if(ab) swap(a,b); if(a=0) return b; if(odd(a) & odd(b) return gcd(b-a,a); if(!odd(a) & odd(b) return gcd(a1,b); if(odd(a) & !odd(b) return gcd(a,b1); if(!odd(a) & !odd(b) return gcd(a1,b1)1;int main() coutgcd(24,26)b) swap(a,b);(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, gcd (a=12, b=13) at main.cpp:1010 if(ab) swap(a,b);(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, gcd (a=6, b=13) at main.cpp:1010 if(ab) swap(a,b);(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, gcd (a=3, b=13) at main.cpp:1010 if(ab) swap(a,b);(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, gcd (a=10, b=3) at main.cpp:1010 if(ab) swap(a,b);(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, gcd (a=3, b=5) at main.cpp:1010 if(ab) swap(a,b);(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, gcd (a=2, b=3) at main.cpp:1010 if(ab) swap(a,b);(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, gcd (a=1, b=3) at main.cpp:1010 if(ab) swap(a,b);(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, gcd (a=2, b=1) at main.cpp:1010 if(ab) swap(a,b);(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, gcd (a=1, b=1) at main.cpp:1010 if(ab) swap(a,b);(gdb) continueContinuing.Breakpoint 1, gcd (a=0, b=1) at main.cpp:1010 if(ab) swap(a,b);(gdb) continueContinuing.makefileLinux中的make工具提供了一种管理工程的功能, 编写Makefile文件，通过make命令将多个文件编译为可执行文件 例如： main.c t1.c /output “hello world” t2.c /output “Im learning linux c” action.haction.h:#ifdef _ACTION_H_#define _ACTION_H_extern void action1();extern void action2();#endif main.c#include action.hint main() action1(); action2(); return 0;t1.c:#include void action1() printf(hello worldn);t2.c:#include void action2() printf(Im learning linux Cn);Makefile:exe:action1.o action2.o main.o action.h gcc -o exe action1.o action2.o main.o gcc -c -o action1.o t1.caction1.o:action.h t1.caction2.o:action.h t2.c gcc -c -o action2.o t2.cmain.o:ion.h main.cclean: rm -f exe action1.o action2.o main.oedemonlinux:/media/edemon/document/program/prodoc/contest/newpra/makeFile$ makegcc -c -o action2.o t2.ccc -c -o main.o main.cmain.c: In function main:main.c:3:5: warning: implicit declaration of func