Linux系统设置及基本操作报告.docx

rootlocalhost # ifconfig查看所有网卡信息eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:74:E0:FE inet addr:192.168.174.135 Bcast:192.168.174.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80:20c:29ff:fe74:e0fe/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:299 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:37 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:18952 (18.5 KiB) TX bytes:6374 (6.2 KiB) Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: :1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:886 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:886 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1469880 (1.4 MiB) TX bytes:1469880 (1.4 MiB)rootlocalhost # ifconfig eth0查看第一块网卡信息（本地连接）eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:74:E0:FE inet addr:192.168.174.135 Bcast:192.168.174.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80:20c:29ff:fe74:e0fe/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:301 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:37 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:19438 (18.9 KiB) TX bytes:6374 (6.2 KiB) Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024rootlocalhost # ifconfig lo查看回环地址lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: :1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:886 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:886 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1469880 (1.4 MiB) TX bytes:1469880 (1.4 MiB)rootlocalhost # ifconfig eth0 1.1.1.1/8修改第一块网卡ip地址rootlocalhost # ifconfig eth0查看修改之后的信息eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:74:E0:FE inet addr:1.1.1.1 Bcast:1.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80:20c:29ff:fe74:e0fe/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:302 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:19683 (19.2 KiB) TX bytes:8680 (8.4 KiB) Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024rootlocalhost # ifconfig eth0 2.2.2.2 netmask 255.0.0.0修改第一块网卡ip地址rootlocalhost # ifconfig eth0查看修改之后的信息eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:74:E0:FE inet addr:2.2.2.2 Bcast:2.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80:20c:29ff:fe74:e0fe/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:313 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:91 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:21007 (20.5 KiB) TX bytes:17635 (17.2 KiB) Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024rootlocalhost # cat /proc/cpuinfo查看cpu信息processor : 0vendor_id : GenuineIntelcpu family : 6model : 60model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4700MQ CPU 2.40GHzstepping : 3cpu MHz : 2394.469cache size : 6144 KBfdiv_bug : nohlt_bug : nof00f_bug : nocoma_bug : nofpu : yesfpu_exception : yescpuid level : 13wp : yesrootlocalhost # cat /proc/meminfo查看内存信息MemTotal: 360884 kBMemFree: 6304 kBBuffers: 10532 kBCached: 203248 kBSwapCached: 0 kBActive: 169736 kBInactive: 154892 kBHighTotal: 0 kBHighFree: 0 kBLowTotal: 360884 kBLowFree: 6304 kBSwapTotal: 1052248 kBSwapFree: 1052248 kBDirty: 32 kBWriteback: 0 kBAnonPages: 110848 kBrootlocalhost # df -hT查看磁盘使用情况文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点/dev/sda3 ext3 19G 3.7G 14G 22% /dev/sda1 ext3 289M 16M 258M 6% /boottmpfs tmpfs 177M 0 177M 0% /dev/shmrootlocalhost # fdisk -l查看硬盘分区情况Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 38 305203+ 83 Linux/dev/sda2 39 169 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3 170 2610 19607332+ 83 Linuxrootlocalhost # shutdown -h now立即关机rootlocalhost # shutdown -h +1515分钟后关机rootlocalhost # halt立即关机rootlocalhost # poweroff立即关机rootlocalhost # init 0立即关机rootlocalhost # reboot立即重启rootlocalhost # shutdown -r now立即重启rootlocalhost # init 6立即重启rootlocalhost # shutdown -r +1515分钟后重启rootlocalhost # uname查看系统类型Linuxrootlocalhost # uname -r内核信息2.6.18-194.el5rootlocalhost # uname -a显示系统 所有详细信息Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linuxrootlocalhost # uname -n查看主机名localhost.localdomainrootlocalhost # hostname查看主机名localhost.localdomainrootlocalhost # hostname hehe修改主机名为heherootlocalhost # uname -nhehe查看修改之后的主机名roothehe # useradd heihei创建heihei用户roothehe # su heihei切换到heihei用户heiheihehe root$rootlocalhost # passwd hehe为hehe用户创建密码Changing password for user hehe.New UNIX password: 输入密码Retype new UNIX password: 再次输入密码passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.密码创建成功rootlocalhost # cat /etc/passwd查看用户root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashhehe:x:500:500:/home/hehe:/bin/bashxixi:x:501:501:/home/xixi:/bin/bashaa:x:502:502:/home/aa:/bin/bashrootlocalhost # groupadd zu1创建工作组zu1rootlocalhost # cat /etc/group查看工作组root:x:0:roothehe:x:500:xixi:x:501:aa:x:502:zu1:x:503:rootloc