dry_september 干燥的九月.ppt

DrySeptember ByWilliamFaulkner WilliamFaulkner 1897 1962 TheSouthernRenaissance TheSouthernRenaissanceisfeaturedinitsuniquefeelingofguilt failureandpovertyaswell SouthernMythsSouthernMythsa Chevalierheritage 骑士精神的传承 b Agrarianvirtue 土地的价值 c Plantationaristocracy 种植园主 d Lostcause 注定要失败的势力 e Whitesupremacy 白人至上 f Purityofwomanhood 女人的纯洁 WilliamFaulkner 1897 1962 Oneofthegreatestwriterin20thcentury initiatorofSouthernRenaissance oneofthemostinfluentialmodernistnovelwritersintheWest AnAmericannovelistandpoetwhoseworksfeaturehisnativestateofMississippiregardedasoneofthemostinfluentialwritersofthetwentiethcenturyawardedthe1949NobelPrizeforLiterature Simultaneously 同时地 originalandassimilative regardedasoneoftheleadingAmericanwritersintheliteraryhistoryoftheUnitedStates arepresentativeofthewritersusingstreamofconsciousness WilliamFaulkner1897 1962 Worksarefamousformultiple 多重的 narrationsandtimeshiftswithinnarrative Worksareknowntobeverychallenginganddifficult WilliamFaulkner 1897 1962 WilliamFaulknerwasbornonSeptember25 1897andbegantowritepoetryasateenager DuringWorldWarI hejoinedtheCanadianRoyalFlyingCorpsbutneverfought thedayhegraduatedfromtheFlyingCorps theArmistice 休战 wassigned TheonlywarinjuryhereceivedwastheresultofgettingdrunkandpartyingtoohardonArmisticeDay whereinheinjuredhisleg FaulknerinHollywood IntheuniversityofVirginiacampus WilliamFaulkner NobelPrizeAcceptanceSpeech Ifeelthatthisawardwasnotmadetomeasaman buttomywork alife sworkintheagonyandsweatofthehumanspirit notforgloryandleastofallforprofit buttocreateoutofthematerialsofthehumanspiritsomethingwhichdidnotexistbefore 我感觉 这个奖不是授予我这个人 而是授予我的工作 它是对我呕心沥血 毕生从事的人类精神探索的工作的肯定 我的这项工作不为名 更不图利 而是要从人类精神的原始素材里创造出前所未有的东西 1 1924 1929 trainingasawriter 习作阶段 TheMarbleFaun 大理石雕像 Soldier sPay 士兵的报酬 Mosquitoes 蚊群 literarycareer threestages 2 1929 1936 mostproductiveandprolificperiod 鼎盛时期 Sartoris 萨托里斯 TheSoundandtheFury 喧哗与骚动 AsILayDying 在我弥留之际 LightinAugust 八月之光 Absalom Absalom 押沙龙 押沙龙 3 1940 end wonrecognitioninAmerica 巩固和确认 GoDown Moses 去吧 摩西 Faulkner smostcelebratednovels TheSoundandtheFury 1929 喧哗与骚动 书名的典故出自莎士比亚悲剧 麦克白 第5幕第5场麦克白的有名台词 人生如痴人说梦 充满着喧哗与骚动 却没有任何意义 多角度的叙述方法 意识流 手法 神话模式 手法 HisShortstorycollection These13 1931 这十三篇 includesmanyofhismostacclaimed 称赞的 andmostfrequentlyanthologized 收入选集的 stories including ARoseforEmily 献给爱米丽的玫瑰 RedLeaves 红叶 ThatEveningSun 夕阳 DrySeptember 干燥的九月 Yoknapatawpha约克纳帕塔法 YoknapatawphaCounty 约克纳帕塔法县 AfictionalcountyinnorthernMississippi thesettingformostofWilliamFaulkner snovelsandshortstories andpatterneduponFaulkner sactualhomeinLafayetteCounty Mississippi YoknapatawphaKingdom TheYoknapatawphastoriesdeal generally withthehistoricalperiodfromtheCivilWaruptothe1920swhentheFirstWorldWarbrokeout andpeopleofstratified 分层次 society thearistocrats thenewrich thepoorwhite andtheblacks Asaresult YoknapatawphaCounty 约克纳帕塔法县 hasbecomeanallegory 寓言 oraparableoftheOldSouth 老南方 南北战争前的美国南方 withwhichFaulknerhasmanagedsuccessfullytoshowapanorama 全貌 oftheexperienceandconsciousnessofthewholeSouthernsociety 福克纳手绘 约克纳帕塔法县地图 约克纳帕塔法世系 这个 世系 以美国南方几个庄园主世家的荣辱兴衰为主线 表现了一个世纪以来美国南方社会的历史命运 社会变迁以及各阶层人物的起伏沉浮 写出了美国南方地区的典型特征 具有浓厚的乡土气息 DrySeptember PlotAnalysisof DrySeptember Mostgoodstoriesstartwithafundamentallistofingredients theinitialsituation开端conflict冲突Complication复杂化Climax高潮Suspense悬念Denouement结局 InitialSituationsectionI Saturdaynightatthebarbershop 1whatistheenvironmentalbackgroundofthestory 2Inthebarbershop whatarepeopletalkingabout 3whogatherinbarbershopandwhataretheirattitudetowardstherumor Barber IknowWillMayes He sagoodnigger AndIknowMissMinnieCooper too IdontbelieveWillMayesdidit Theclient thedrummer Thenyouareahellofawhiteman Doyouclaimthatanythingexcusesaniggerattackingawhitewoman Theclient tothesecondspeaker Doyoumeantotellmeyouareawhitemanandyou llstandforit YoubettergobackNorthwhereyoucamefrom TheSouthdon twantyourkindhere Theyouth Butch Doyouaccuseawhitewomanoflying youdamnniggerlover McLendon areyougoingtositthereandletablacksonrapeawhitewomanonthestreetsofJefferson Thethird asoldier Diditreallyhappen athirdsaid Thisaintthefirstmanscaresheeverhad likeHawkshawsays Wasn ttheresomethingaboutamanonthekitchenroof watchingherundress aboutayearago McLendon tothethirdspeaker Happen Whatthehelldifferencedoesitmake Areyougoingtolettheblacksonsgetawaywithituntilonereallydoesit McLendon notalkingnecessaryatall I vedonemytalking Who swithme Barber heldthedrummer sfacedown therazorpoised Findoutthefactsfirst boys IknowWillyMayes Itwasn thim Let sgetthesheriffanddothisthingright McLendon toBarber thatyou dtakeanigger swordbeforeawhitewoman s Why youdamnniggerloving Thethird asoldier ThethirdspeakerroseandgraspedMcLendon sarm hetoohadbeenasoldier Now now Let sfigurethisthingout Whoknowsanythingaboutwhatreallyhappened McLendon Allthat rewithmegetupfromthere Theonesthataint McLendon Thethird asoldier Theyouth Butch Theclient thedrummer wenttofindWillMayes ConflictsectionII MeetMissMinnieCooper1HowoldisMinnieCooper 2whatdoesMinnieCooperusuallydountilnoon Andafternoon 3whenMinnieCooperwasyoung whatwashersituation Howaboutwhenshewasold 4whodoesMinnieCooperhaveaffairwith 5whatishersituationnow Whenshewasyoung Shewasofcomfortablepeople notthebestinJefferson butgoodpeopleenough andshewasstillontheslendersideofordinarylooking withabright faintlyhaggardmanneranddress Whenshewasyoungshehadhadaslender nervousbodyandasortofhardvivacitywhichhadenabledherforatimetorideuponthecrestofthetown ssociallifeasexemplifiedbythehighschoolpartyandchurchsocialperiodofhercontemporarieswhilestillchildrenenoughtobeunclassconscious p 239 Whenshewasold Shewasthelasttorealizethatshewaslosingground thatthoseamongwhomshehadbeenalittlebrighterandlouderflamethananyotherwerebeginningtolearnthepleasureofsnobbery male andretaliation female Thatwaswhenherfacebegantowearthatbright haggardlook Shestillcarriedittopartiesonshadowyporticoesandsummerlawns likeamaskoraflag withthatbafflementoffuriousrepudiationoftruthinhereyes P 239 Whenshewasold Shewatchedthegirlswithwhomshehadgrownupastheymarriedandgothomesandchildren butnomanevercalledonhersteadilyuntilthechildrenoftheothergirlshadbeencallingher aunty forseveralyears thewhiletheirmotherstoldtheminbrightvoicesabouthowpopularAuntMinniehadbeenasagirl P 239 Aftertheaffairwiththecashier Thatwaswhenshebegantoaskheroldschoolmatesthattheirchildrencallher cousin insteadof aunty P 239 Hersituationnow AgainstthatbackgroundMinnie sbrightdresses heridleandemptydays hadaqualityoffuriousunreality Shewentoutintheeveningsonlywithwomennow neighbors tothemovingpictures Hersituationnow Eachafternoonshedressedinoneofthenewdressesandwentdowntownalone whereheryoung cousins werealreadystrollinginthelateafternoonswiththeirdelicate silkenheadsandthin awkwardarmsandconsciouships clingingtooneanotherorshriekingandgigglingwithpairedboysinthesodafountainwhenshepassedandwentonalongtheserriedstorefronts inthedoorsofwhichthesittingandloungingmendidnotevenfollowherwiththeireyesanymore p 240 ComplicationSectionIII Inthisstagewe rebacktothemen Fivemendriveoutoftown McLendon thestranger theex soldier Hawkshaw andButch ThingsgetcomplicatedwhentheyarriveattheiceplantandkidnapWill 1whydoesthebarbergowiththem 2DoesthebarberblowWill why 3whydoesHawkshawjumpfromthemovingvehicle 4howmanypeoplearethereinthecarwhenBarbernoticesthecarcomesback WhathappenstoWill Inalllikelihood Williskilled Inanycase whenHawkshawseesMcLendondrivebyonhiswaybacktotown thereareonlyfourmeninthecar Willhasbeenleftsomewheredeadatworst andseverelyinjuredandhumiliatedattheveryleast ClimaxsectionIV aftertherumor 1OnthatSaturdayevening whathappenstoMinnie 2whensheenteredthesquare doesshebecomethecenterofthestreet Howdoyouknow 3why There snotaNegroonthesquare Notone 这种被压抑的内心情感最终还是爆发了 当成双成对的年轻人轻盈匀称 柔滑光亮的侧影出现在电影院里 当他们充满青春活力的身后 银色的美梦连绵不断的编织着 奔泻向前 永无尽头 的时候 她再也遏制不住自己 放声大笑 她的尖声狂笑是多年来被压抑的情感的释放 是对已经逝去的青春年华的挽歌 也是对未来生活的绝望 如仙境乐园般的电影院终究不能让她摆脱现实的残酷与冷漠 aftertherumor Minnie sbreakdowninthemovietheatre whichculminates 达到极点 inherlaughing screamingfitinthebedroomprobablyoccursaroundthesametimesomethingbadishappeningtoWill aftertherumor IfweweretowitnessthedetailsoftheabuseofWillMayes wewouldhaveadoubleclimaxonourhands But Will sclimaxisleftuntold adarksecret somethingunpleasanttobehusheduplikeMinnie sbreakdown Suspense WhenwegettoSection5 wehavesomehopethatwewilllearn1 whathappenedtoWillafterHawkshawremovedhimselffromthescene 2 learnwhatreallyhappenedbetweenWillandMinnie 3 pickupsomedetailsonhowtherumorgotstarted Sincethosequestionsaren tconclusivelyanswered thestorysuspendsusinthisSuspenseStage DenouementsectionV McLendonathomewhatkindpeopleisMcLendonathome WhatkindpeopleisMclendon swife ComparedwithMinnieCooper whodoyouthinkismorelucky McLendon sHouse Itwastrimandfreshasabirdcageandalmostassmall withitsclean greenandwhitepaint ThislinegivesuslicensetothinkofMcLendonandhiswifeascagedbirds Theirhousemightlookneatandcleanontheoutside butinsideviolenceandfearstalktherooms Charactersin DrySeptember Henry Hawkshaw Stribling Truth seeker hero reasonableman and perhaps coward霍克肖 失败的正义捍卫者 WillMayes ObedientPooranddefenselessInnocent Nobodypreferstobelievehim justbecauseheisablackman MinnieCooper AsouthernaristocratHasnooccupation nosocialpositionOutdatedandunappealingHerdesireofbeingacceptedvs hermoralityToprove stillsexuallydesirable createdtherumor 1 symbolofthedeclineofsouthernaristocracy2 aging rotten lifeless anddeserted JohnMcLendon Hisgun hat handcuffs andexperienceasamilitarycommandergivehimageneralairofauthority CommanderMcLendonrecruitshistroopsinthebarbershopandthenproceedstowagewaronWill forthehonorofwhitewomeninJefferson McLendonis mostlikely amurderer andWillwasprobablynothisfirstvictim McLendonseemspracticedandsystematicincarryingouthisplan Heischillingtotheextreme unwillingtolistentoreason andbentonkeepingtheblackcitizensofJeffersoninastateoffear 麦克 兰登 可怕的南方女性 保护神 Note 白人对黑人男子破坏白种妇女贞洁有着无名的恐惧 因为 这种虚无缥缈的贞洁对于维护南方妇道神话有着举足轻重的作用 妇女尤其是白种女人被看成是贞洁 虔诚与自我牺牲等美德的化身 她们在某种程度上是家族荣誉及社会声望的代表 在福克纳的代表作 喧嚣与骚动 中 康普生家族因为凯蒂失贞而将其赶出家门 使她最终沦落为德国军官的情妇 Mrs McLendon Weknownothingaboutherotherthanthatshereadsmagazinesandisinadangerousrelationshipwithadangerousman McLendon heractivecharacter incontrasttoMinnie srelativelypassivecharacter givesusaglimmerofhopeinthisotherwisebleakstory IfMrs McLendoncanactivelyresistanenormousbullylikeMcLendontotheextentthatshedoes shemightjustbestrongenoughtoleavehim orotherwiseremoveherselffromhisabuse Butch Butchisayoungman BeforeMcLendonappearsonthescenetorecruitmenforhisvigilantemob ButcharguesfordrasticactionagainstWillonthebasisoftherumor HejoinsthemobandparticipatesinWill skidnapping andprobablyhismurder TheSoldier Thesoldierisactuallyanex soldier InthebarbershopheseemstosidewithButchthatsomethingshouldbedoneaboutWill butheagreeswithHawkshawthataproperinvestigationshouldbeconducted NonethelessheisrecruitedbyMcLendonandparticipatesinthecrimesagainstWill TheStranger Thestrangerisatravelingsalesman ora drummer apersonwhodrums upsales HeisbeingshavedbyHawkshawduringtheargumentovertherumor HejoinsthevigilantegangandparticipatesinthecrimesagainstWill Whoisthevictim MinnieCooper thewhitewoman WillMayes theblackman Whoisthevictim Mayes victimofhisrace MinnieCooper victimofhergender MinnieisasmuchavictimofthesocialstandardsandpracticesofsouthernsocietyasWillieMayesis ThemeofDrySeptember Violence Theexplicitviolenceinthetext theinitialbeatingandabductionofWillMayesbyavigilantegroup andJohnMcLendon sabuseofhiswife Muchofthestory sviolenceisintheformofpsychologicalpressure andsocialpressure andisexposedastheviolenceofacommunitydeeplydividedalongclass racial andgenderlines Theviolenceofnatureisalsoatwork Aftersometwomonthswithoutrain inthehottestpartoftheMississippisummer Jeffersonisonthevergeofself combustion Race astorysetinpost slavery pre CivilRightsMississippi lifeisblackandwhite Forsuchcharacters mostnotablyJohnMcLendon contactbetweenblackpeo