非谓语动词备考指、考点聚焦及近年高考试题和专题练习.doc

一、非谓语动词备考指要 非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即： doing ,done; to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：现在分词 doing 有being done（被动式） ; having done （完成式）; having been done （完成被动式）不定式 to do 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式） 动名词 doing 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ; 非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。 下面谈谈学习这三种非谓语动词需要注意的事项。 一、动词不定式 掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题： 1.to 是不定式符号还是介词。下列短语中的to 都是介词 agree to, object to, close to, come to, lead to, refer to, equal to, familiar to, point to, thank to, devote to, next to, belong to, be used to， look forward to 2.带to 还是不带to 例 I have no choice but to give in. I cannt do anything but give in . 3.动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of 例 Its necessary for you to study hard . Its foolish of him to do it . 与of 连用的形容词有：good, kind, nice, wise, clever, foolish, right, wrong, careful, careless, polite, possible 4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有 want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, need, forget, agree, know, promise, teach, refuse, help, arrange, dare, decide, determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, continue, ask, mean, choose, expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。 例 通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws . 5.不定式的省略 下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略to: want to, wish to, hope to, like to, hate to, plan to, try to, love to , have to, ought to, need to, used to, be able to 6.不定式作定语，应注意两种关系 1）动宾关系 例 He has a lot of meeting to attend . 2）主谓关系 例 She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting . 7.不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义 1)原因 例 He is lucky to get here on time . 这种结构中常用的形容词有： happy, glad, delighted, pleased, sorry, eager, anxious， lucky, fortunate, proud, angry， surprised, frightened, disappointed, ready , clever, foolish, worthy 2)目的 例 He came to help me with my maths . 3)结果 例 I hurried to get there only to find him out. 8.不定式作补足语 例 I saw him play in the street just now . 能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：see, feel, hear, listen to, look at, watch, let, have， make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to 例 He was seen to play in the street just now. 二、动名词 注意以下几种结构 1.Theres no telling what will happen .=Its impossible to tell what will happen .= No one can tell what will happen. 2.Its no use talking with him. Its no good speaking to them like that. 3.Theres some difficulty ( in ) doing 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:trouble, problem, fun, pleasure, a good time, a hard time 注意以下几个问题： 1.下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别 forget to do 忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记做了某事 remember to do 记住要做某事 remember doing 记着做了某事 mean to do 有意要做某事 mean doing 意味着做了某事 regret to do 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing 对做过去的事后悔 cant help to do 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing 情不自禁做某事 try to do 尽力去做某事 try doing 试着做某事 learn to do 学着去做某事 learn doing 学会做某事 stop to do 停下来去做（另一件事） stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 接着做（另外一件事） go on doing 继续做某事 used to do 过去做某事 be used to doing 习惯做某事 2.动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语表达n+ for doing 的含义,现在分词作定语表达n+which(who) be ding的含义 例 a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词 ， 后者是现在分词 例 drinking water, walking stick， running water , sleeping boy 3.动名词的逻辑主语 动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。 例 His coming made us very happy. 4.动名词的语态和时态 5.动名词主动形式表被动的情况 need doing, want doing, require doing 例 This room needs painting. 这个房间需要粉刷。 6.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词 admit, avoid, advise, consider, delay， deny, enjoy,escape, excuse, fancy, finish, complete, forbid, imagine,mind, miss, permit，practise, require, suggest, risk, keep, take to, look forward to, get down to, feel like, cant help, cant stand, be used to,insist on, succeed in, set about, give up, include 三、分词 应注意的几个问题 1.现在分词与过去分词的区别 例 Do you know the woman talking to Tom ？ = Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ？ The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor. 2.分词作表语 1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 例 The news is interesting. He is interested in the news. doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。 2）表语与被动式的区别 例 The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（强调动作） The blackboard is broken . Youd better have it repaired.（强调状态） 3）常作表语的过去分词 amused, injured, covered, known, dressed, lost, broken, gone, delighted, excited, pleased, satisfied, married, worried, surprised, interested, burnt, shut, crowded , wounded, drank, done 3.现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别 例 The situation in our country is encouraging.(表语) The situation in our country is encouraging the people. ( 现在进行时) My job is looking after the little baby. (动名词) 能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。 例 -How is the situation in our country？ -It is encouraging. -What is your job？ -My job is looking after the little baby. 4.应该注意的四种结构 have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做 have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 让某事一直做着 5.需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：seat, prepare, hide, dress 例 I seated myself on the chair. I was seated on the chair. 6.分词做状语与不定式的区别 分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、 条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。 例 Having finished the homework, I went home .（时间） Being a Party member, I should work hard.（原因） Given more time,I can do my work better. （条件） He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （伴随） To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder. (目的) He is old enough to join the army. （ 结果） 7.分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别 例 a running horse现在分词= a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词= a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick动名词= a stick for walking something to do不定式= something that I should do 8.不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别 例 I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting. ( 将来) The building being built on the river is the Science Museum. （正在进行） The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions. （ 过去） 9.分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：分词与句子主语的逻辑关系 例 Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful.(错误) Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. （正确） Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系。 经典练习 .单项选择 1. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 2. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it . A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told D. Having told 3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path . A. to have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest 4. The next morning she found the man _ in bed , dead . A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _ it more difficult . A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. to not make 6. The Olympic Games , _ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 7 . You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting . Well, now I regret _that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 8.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 9. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldnt make himself _. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard .动词填空 1. Little Tom should love _ ( take ) to the theatre this evening. 2. Paul doesnt have to be made _ ( learn ) . He always works hard. 3. The computer centre , _ ( open )last year , is very popular among the students in this school. 4. Go on _( do ) the other exercise after you have finished this one. 5. How about two of us _ ( take ) a walk down the garden. key I: 1-5 A C C A B 6-10 C D C C D II: 1.to be taken; 2.to learn; 3.opened; 4.to do; 5.taking 二、聚焦非谓语动词考点非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词,从历届高考试题来看,不定式和分词是考查的重点。下面结合高考试题,对非谓语动词的作用及其区别分别加以说明。 一、考查非谓语动词作主语 能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。两者的区别是:表示某一具体的动作时,多用不定式;表示比较抽象的一般的行为倾向时,多用动名词。动名词作主语时通常位于句首;不定式作主语则常置于句末,用it作形式主语放在句首。 原题再现 In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A. this B. that C. there D. it 答案:D 二、考查非谓语动词作宾语 不定式和动名词可作介词或动词的宾语,具体用法详见本报第2期和第6期。 原题再现 Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able We agree _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 答案: C C 三、考查非谓语动词作补语 能作宾语补足语和主语补足语的非谓语动词有不定式、现在分词、过去分词,用哪种非谓语动词形式往往取决于前面动词的句型和不同的非谓语动词所表示的意义。 现在分词和过去分词作补足语的用法和区别详见本报第3期、第5期和第6期。下面笔者着重讲一下不定式作补足语的情况。 1. 能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有:ask,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,permit,request,order, warn,cause等,表示宾语或主语执行不定式的动作(具有主动的意义),而且不定式的动作多发生在句子谓语动词动作之后(具有将来的意义)。 原题再现 My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 答案:D 2. 使役动词、感官动词能接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语和带to的不定式作主语补足语。常见的使役动词有make,let,have等;感官动词有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel以及look at,listen to等。 原题再现 Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案:B3. 现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在发生。 原题再现 Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 答案:B 四、考查非谓语动词作定语 不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语。 1. 不定式作定语多和被修饰的名词具有动宾关系,即被修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者;如果不定式是不及物动词,就要在不定式动词后面加上相应的介词。 原题再现 There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 答案:B2. 现在分词作定语多和被修饰的名词具有主谓关系,即现在分词用主动式时,被修饰的名词正在执行其动作;现在分词用被动式时,被修饰的名词正在承受其动作;过去分词作定语与其所修饰的名词有动宾关系,表示一个被动或完成的动作。 原题再现 The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recordedReading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 答案: A C 五、考查非谓语动词作状语 能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。不定式短语放在句首多作目的状语,在句末多作原因状语、结果状语。现在分词短语放在句首多作原因、条件、时间等状语,在句末多作方式、伴随状语,也可作结果状语。过去分词短语放在句首多表示时间、条件、原因等,放在句末表示对前面的情况起补充说明作用,同时与句子主语具有被动关系。 原题再现 _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told _ by the beauty of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted We cant go out in this weather,said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 答案: C B B A 六、考查非谓语动词作表语 不定式、动名词和分词都可作表语,具体用法详见本报第3期、第5期和第6期。原题再现 Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 答案:A 七、考查非谓语动词的特殊结构与句式 非谓语动词除了上述几种用法外,还可以用在以下几种特殊结构与句式中。 1. 疑问词 + 不定式结构 原题再现 It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 答案:C 2. with复合结构 原题再现 With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished.A. for B. with C. from D. of答案: C B三、近年高考中的非谓语动词1. Ive worked with children before , so I know what _in my new job. （2000全国）（B）Aexpect ed Bto expectCto be expecting Dexpects2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year. （2000全国）（C）Acarry out Bcarrying outCcarried out Dto carry out3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. （2000北京春季）（B）A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 4. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. （2000北京春季）（A）A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 5. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. （01全国）（A） A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed6. _such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. （01全国）（A） A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered7. _late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. （01北京春季）（A）ATo sleep BSleeping CSleep DHaving slept8. One learns a language by making mistakes and _them. （01北京春季）（B）Acorrect Bcorrecting Ccorrects Dto correct9.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. （02全国）【】 whowhenhowWhat10. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.（02全国）【】 to seeto be seenseeingSeen11. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.（02全国）【】 it what to do withwhat to do it with what to do with itto do what with it12. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.（02全国）【D】 beginshaving begunbeginningBegun13. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. （02北京）（B）A. to solving; makingB. to solving; madeC. to solve; makingD. to solve; made14. Prices of daily goods through a computer can be lower than store prices. （02北京春季）（B） A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying15. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. （03全国卷）（B）AsmokeBsmokingCto smokeDsmoked16. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. （03北京）（D） A. dont make B. not makeC. not makingD. not to make17. _ time, hell make a fist-class tennis player. （03北京）（D） A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD.Given18. Mr. Smith, of the speech, started to read a novel. （03北京春季）（A）Atired; boringBtiring; boredCtired; boredDtiring; boring19. My advisor encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills. （04北京）(D)A for me takingB me takingC for me to takeD me to take20. _in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. （04北京）(C)A To waitB Have waitedC Having waitedD To have waited21. Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. （04天津）(B)A runB runningC being runD to run22. They see you as something of a worrier, problems which dont exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them. （04重庆）(C)A. settlingB. discoveringC. seeingD. designing23. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents . （04重庆）(A)A. worriedB. to worryC. worryingD. worry24. There are eight tips in Dr Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is : to bed early unless you think it is necessary. （04重庆）(D)A. doesnt goB. not to goC. not goingD. dont go25. The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. （04江苏）(C)A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding26. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （04江苏）(C) A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted27. The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. （04江苏）(D) A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked28. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. （04浙江）(B) A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known29. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only_ the film stars had left. （04福建）(B)Ato tellBto be tol