ORACLE常用命令集.doc

ORACLE常用命令集_ Lucida Console字体目 录ORACLE常用命令集（转）-工作学习必备之宝典2第一章：日志管理2第二章：表空间管理3第三章：表4第五章：约束6第六章：LOAD数据6第七章：reorganizing data6第八章： managing password security and resources7第九章：Managing users8第十一章： manager role9第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERY10ORACLE常用命令集（转）-工作学习必备之宝典第一章：日志管理1.forcing log switchessql alter system switch logfile;2.forcing checkpointssql alter system checkpoint;3.adding online redo log groupssql alter database add logfile group 4sql (/disk3/log4a.rdo,/disk4/log4b.rdo) size 1m;4.adding online redo log memberssql alter database add logfile membersql /disk3/log1b.rdo to group 1,sql /disk4/log2b.rdo to group 2;5.changes the name of the online redo logfilesql alter database rename file c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.logsql to c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log;6.drop online redo log groupssql alter database drop logfile group 3;7.drop online redo log memberssql alter database drop logfile member c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log;8.clearing online redo log filessql alter database clear unarchived logfile c:/oracle/log2a.rdo;9.using logminer analyzing redo logfilesa. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = b. sql execute dbms_logmnr_d.build(oradb.ora,c:oracleoradblog);c. sql execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile(c:oracleoradataoradbredo01.log,sql dbms_logmnr.new);d. sql execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(c:oracleoradataoradbredo02.log,sql dbms_logmnr.addfile);e. sql execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=c:oracleoradblogoradb.ora);f. sql select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameterssql v$logmnr_logs);g. sql execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;第二章：表空间管理1.create tablespacessql create tablespace tablespace_name datafile c:oracleoradatafile1.dbf size 100m,sql c:oracleoradatafile2.dbf size 100m minimum extent 550k logging/nologgingsql default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0)sql online/offline permanent/temporary extent_management_clause2.locally managed tablespacesql create tablespace user_data datafile c:oracleoradatauser_data01.dbfsql size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m;3.temporary tablespacesql create temporary tablespace temp tempfile c:oracleoradatatemp01.dbfsql size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m;4.change the storage settingsql alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m;sql alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999);5.taking tablespace offline or onlinesql alter tablespace app_data offline;sql alter tablespace app_data online;6.read_only tablespacesql alter tablespace app_data read only|write;7.droping tablespacesql drop tablespace app_data including contents;8.enableing automatic extension of data filessql alter tablespace app_data add datafile c:oracleoradataapp_data01.dbf size 200msql autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m;9.change the size fo data files manuallysql alter database datafile c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf resize 200m;10.Moving data files: alter tablespacesql alter tablespace app_data rename datafile c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbfsql to c:oracleapp_data.dbf;11.moving data files:alter databasesql alter database rename file c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbfsql to c:oracleapp_data.dbf;第三章：表1.create a tablesql create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype.)sql tablespace tablespace_name pctfree integer pctused integersql initrans integer maxtrans integersql storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50)sql logging|nologging cache|nocache2.copy an existing tablesql create table table_name logging|nologging as subquery3.create temporary tablesql create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay;on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row sizepctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available data space)5.change storage and block utilization parametersql alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500ksql minextents 2 maxextents 100);6.manually allocating extentssql alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile c:/oracle/data.dbf);7.move tablespacesql alter table employee move tablespace users;8.deallocate of unused spacesql alter table table_name deallocate unused keep integer9.truncate a tablesql truncate table table_name;10.drop a tablesql drop table table_name cascade constraints;11.drop a columnsql alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000;alter table table_name drop columns continue;12.mark a column as unusedsql alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints;alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs第四章：索引1.creating function-based indexessql create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped);2.create a B-tree indexsql create unique index index_name on table_name(column,. asc/desc) tablespacesql tablespace_name pctfree integer initrans integer maxtrans integersql logging | nologging nosort storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0sql maxextents 50);3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows4.creating reverse key indexessql create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200ksql next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;5.create bitmap indexsql create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200ksql pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;6.change storage parameter of indexsql alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100);7.allocating index spacesql alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile c:/oracle/index.dbf);8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused;第五章：约束1.define constraints as immediate or deferredsql alter session set constraints = immediate/deferred/default;set constraints constraint_name/all immediate/deferred;2. sql drop table table_name cascade constraintssql drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints3. define constraints while create a tablesql create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrablesql using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx);primary key/unique/references table(column)/check4.enable constraintssql alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id;5.enable constraintssql alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id;第六章：LOAD数据1.loading data using direct_load insertsql insert into emp nologgingsql select * from emp_old;2.parallel direct-load insertsql alter session enable parallel dml;sql insert into emp nologgingsql select * from emp_old;3.using sql*loadersql sqlldr scott/tiger sql control = ulcase6.ctl sql log = ulcase6.log direct=true第七章：reorganizing data1.using expoty$exp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y2.using import$imp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y3.transporting a tablespacesqlalter tablespace sales_ts read only;$exp sys/. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_tstriggers=n constraints=n$copy datafile$imp sys/. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2/sles02.dbf)sql alter tablespace sales_ts read write;4.checking transport setsql DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =sales_ts .,incl_constraints=true);在表transport_set_violations 中查看sql dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是，表示自包含第八章： managing password security and resources1.controlling account lock and passwordsql alter user juncky identified by oracle account unlock;2.user_provided password functionsql function_name(userid in varchar2(30),password in varchar2(30),old_password in varchar2(30) return boolean3.create a profile : password settingsql create profile grace_5 limit failed_login_attempts 3sql password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30sqlpassword_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_functionsql password_grace_time 5;4.altering a profilesql alter profile default failed_login_attempts 3sql password_life_time 60 password_grace_time 10;5.drop a profilesql drop profile grace_5 cascade;6.create a profile : resource limitsql create profile developer_prof limit sessions_per_user 2sql cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480;7. view = resource_cost : alter resource costdba_Users,dba_profiles8. enable resource limitssql alter system set resource_limit=true;第九章：Managing users1.create a user: database authenticationsql create user juncky identified by oracle default tablespace userssql temporary tablespace temp quota 10m on data password expiresql account lock|unlock profile profilename|default;2.change user quota on tablespacesql alter user juncky quota 0 on users;3.drop a usersql drop user juncky cascade;4. monitor userview: dba_users , dba_ts_quotas第十章：managing privileges1.system privileges: view = system_privilege_map ,dba_sys_privs,session_privs2.grant system privilegesql grant create session,create table to managers;sql grant create session to scott with admin option;with admin option can grant or revoke privilege from any user or role;3.sysdba and sysoper privileges:sysoper: startup,shutdown,alter database open|mount,alter database backup controlfile,alter tablespace begin/end backup,recover databasealter database archivelog,restricted sessionsysdba: sysoper privileges with admin option,create database,recover database until4.password file members: view:= v$pwfile_users5.O7_dictionary_accessibility =true restriction access to view or tables in other schema6.revoke system privilegesql revoke create table from karen;sql revoke create session from scott;7.grant object privilegesql grant execute on dbms_pipe to public;sql grant update(first_name,salary) on employee to karen with grant option;8.display object privilege : view = dba_tab_privs, dba_col_privs9.revoke object privilegesql revoke execute on dbms_pipe from scott cascade constraints;10.audit record view := sys.aud$11. protecting the audit trailsql audit delete on sys.aud$ by access;12.statement auditingsql audit user;13.privilege auditingsql audit select any table by summit by access;14.schema object auditingsql audit lock on summit.employee by access whenever successful;15.view audit option : view= all_def_audit_opts,dba_stmt_audit_opts,dba_priv_audit_opts,dba_obj_audit_opts16.view audit result: view= dba_audit_trail,dba_audit_exists,dba_audit_object,dba_audit_session,dba_audit_statement第十一章： manager role1.create rolessql create role sales_clerk;sql create role hr_clerk identified by bonus;sql create role hr_manager identified externally;2.modify rolesql alter role sales_clerk identified by commission;sql alter role hr_clerk identified externally;sql alter role hr_manager not identified;3.assigning rolessql grant sales_clerk to scott;sql grant hr_clerk to hr_manager;sql grant hr_manager to scott with admin option;4.establish default rolesql alter user scott default role hr_clerk,sales_clerk;sql alter user scott default role all;sql alter user scott default role all except hr_clerk;sql alter user scott default role none;5.enable and disable rolessql set role hr_clerk;sql set role sales_clerk identified by commission;sql set role all except sales_clerk;sql set role none;6.remove role from usersql revoke sales_clerk from scott;sql revoke hr_manager from public;7.remove rolesql drop role hr_manager;8.display role informationview: =dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_role_privs,dba_sys_privs,role_sys_privs,role_tab_privs,session_roles第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERY1. v$sga,v$instance,v$process,v$bgprocess,v$database,v$datafile,v$sgastat2. Rman need set dbwr_IO_slaves or backup_tape_IO_slaves and large_pool_size3. Monitoring Parallel Rollback v$fast_start_servers , v$fast_start_transactions4.perform a closed database backup (noarchivelog) shutdown immediate cp files /backup/ startup5.restore to a different location connect system/manager as sysdba startup mount alter database rename file /disk1/./user.dbf to /disk2/./user.dbf; alter database open;6.recover syntax-recover a mounted databaserecover database;recover datafile /disk1/data/df2.dbf;alter database recover database;-recover an opened databaserecover tablespace user_data;recover datafile 2;alter database recover datafile 2;7.how to apply redo log files automaticallyset autorecovery onrecover automatic datafile 4;8.complete recovery:-method 1(mounted databae)copy c:backupuser.dbf c:oradatauser.dbfstartup mountrecover datafile c:oradatauser.dbf;alter database open;-method 2(opened database,initially opened,not system or rollback datafile)copy c:backupuser.dbf c:oradatauser.dbf (alter tablespace offline)recover datafile c:oradatauser.dbf orrecover tablespace user_data;alter database datafile c:oradatauser.dbf online oralter tablespace user_data online;-