高考英语阅读理解讲座(猜词、主旨大意)课件.ppt

阅读理解 猜词主旨大意 上下文 构词法 猜测词意 阅读理解之 猜测词意 信号词 be becalled means bedefinedas Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter Hisuncleisazoologist anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals Weareonthenightshift frommidnightto8a m thisweek 1 定义或解释说明 2 对比关系信号词 but however yet otherwise while though ononehand ontheotherhand foronething foranotherthing insteadof等ThoughTom sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean hisneckstillremainsgrubby Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings hiswife however isverythrifty 3 因果关系信号词 because since as for dueto so therefore so that such that thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow 弹性的 4 举例法信号词 such suchas like forexample instance especially include consistofCarsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt headlights andgoodbrakes Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry suchaschickens ducksandgeese fortheireggsandmeat 5 重述信号词 or thatis tosay inotherwords toputitanotherway i e Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain thefarmershavetoirrigate orwater theirfields Allwhalesfallintotwogroups thosewithteethandthosewithout Dolphinsbelongtodentulous thatistosay theyaretoothedwhales 6 同义词 近义词信号词 or like as as thesameasThenewtaxlawsupersedes orreplaces thelawthatwasineffectlastyear Motherwastall fatandmiddle aged Myauntwasanoldwoman almostasplumpasmother andmuchshorter 7 生活经验 生活常识 逻辑推理Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater Whatdoesitaskustodo choosethetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthepassage Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainidea Thebesttitle headlineforthispassageis Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith 主旨大意 Howdowesumupsomethingfromapassage 练中学 查找主旨 标题时 我们要学习识别文章中最基本 最具有概括力的信息 这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性 1 Choosethemostgeneralword A chemistB physicistC scientistD biologist 2 Choosethemostgeneralsentence A Thehotelofferscomplimentarycoffeefrom7to10a m daily B TherearemanyreasonswhyguestsfeelathomeattheGloriettaBayInn C Thecoin operatedlaundryroomhasanironingboard D ThereareanumberofextraservicesattheGloriettaBayInnincludingbaby sitting 练中学 3 Readthefollowingandchoosethetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthepassage Thereisasimpleeconomicprincipleusedtodetermineprices Itiscalledthelawofsupplyanddemand Supplymeanstheamountof oraccessto certaingoods Demandrepresentsthenumberofpeoplewhowantthosegoods Iftherearemoregoodsthanwanted thepriceofthemfalls Ontheotherhand ifthedemandforthosegoodsismuchgreaterthanthesupply thenpricerises Ofcoursemanufacturersprefertosellmoregoodsatincreasedprices A EconomicPrinciplesB LawofSupplyandDemandC MoreGoods LowerPricesD FewerGoods HigherPrices 练中学 要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想 段落中心思想常常由主题句 Topicsentence 来表达 主题句常常出现在段首或段尾处 有时也在段落中间 同样 一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出 因此 在阅读中 我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意 Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage Itisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld Over70percentoftheworld sradioprogramsareinEnglish Findthetopicsentence 练中学 Letusconsiderhowvoicetrainingmaycontributetopersonalitydevelopmentandanimprovedsocialadjustment Inthefirstplace ithasbeenfairlywellestablishedthatindividualstendtobecomewhattheybelieveotherpeoplethinkthemtobe Whenpeoplereactmorefavorablytowardusbecauseourvoicesconveytheimpressionthatwearefriendly competent andinteresting thereisastrongtendencyforustodevelopthosequalitiesinourpersonality Ifwearetreatedwithrespectbyothers wesooncometohavemorerespectforourselves Then too one sownconsciousnessofhavingapleasant effectivevoiceofwhichhedoesnotneedtobeashamedcontributesmateriallytoafeelingofpoise 泰然自若 self confidence andajustprideinhimself Agoodvoice likegoodclothescandomuchforanego 自我 thatotherwisemightbeinclinedtodroop 萎靡 Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis A OurEgoB TheReflectionofOurPersonalityC HowtoAcquireaPleasantVoiceD VoiceTraininginPersonalityDevelopment 另外 要特别注意上例中提到的inthefirstplace then if等连接语 这些连接语能帮助我们把握文章内容的编排方式 领会文章的要点 准确全面地理解文章 练中学 主题句也会出现在段尾 作者先摆出事实依据 层层推理论证 最后自然得出结论 即段落的主题 InAmericatheyhaveasayingmuchlaughedatbytheEnglish Haveaniceday theyspeakslowlyandseriouslyintheirshop hotelsandsandwichbars Ithinkitisawonderfulphrase remindingus ineffect toenjoythemoment tovaluethisveryday 2006广东 D 练中学 Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlyattractyourattention ColorTV only 79 Two daysale Hurry However whenyougotothestorereadytobuy youmaydiscoverthattheadvertisedsetsaresoldout Butthesalesmanisquicktoreassureyouthathehasanothermodel amorereliablesetwhichis justrightforyou Itcosts 359 Thissalestacticiscalled baitandswitch Buyersarebaitedwithasalesoffer andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermorecostlyitem Buyingitemsonsalerequirescarefulconsiderationofthemerchandise 商品 andthereasonsforthesale 1 Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainidea A Thecustomermustbeonhisguardwhenpurchasingitemsonsale B Colortelevisionsetswhichsellfor 79aresoldoutquickly C Manystoresusethe baitandswitch techniquetoattractcustomers D Anyoneplanningtobuyatelevisionsetshouldlookforasale 练中学 Foradultsacoldisnotthatserious However thisisnotthecaseforchildren Coldsymptomsinchildrenmaybesignsofmoreseriousdiseasesandshouldbegivenpromptmedicalattention 当主题句被安排在段中时 作者往往从具体的事例谈起 随之归纳出主题 然后再围绕这一主题展开讨论 使立论更加清楚 具有很强的说服力 即以 立 为主 对正面观点进行阐述 有些段落的主题句被安排在段落的中间 练中学 Eversincehumanshaveinhabitedtheearth theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication Generally thisexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech Whenthereisalanguagebarrier communicationisaccomplishedthroughsighlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters words andideas Tourists thedeaf andthemutehavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally spelling however cannot Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions eitherintentionallyorunintentionally Awink 眨眼 canbeawayofflirting 调情 orindicatingthatthepartyisonlyjoking Anodsignifiesapproval whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille asystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertips signalflags Morsecode andsmokesignals Roadmapsandpicturesighsalsoguidewarn andinstructpeople Whileverbalization 用语言表达 isthemostcommonformoflanguage othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeeling 有些时候 无法找到确切的主题句 但是我们往往可以根据第一段 句 及最后一段 句 总结出来 练中学 练中学 Sincemyretirement 退休 fromteachingmusicin2001 Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist Iactuallybegandrawingagaininthesummerof1995whenmyfatherdied SoperhapsIwastryingtorecoverfromthelossofmyfather ormaybeitwasjustthatitbroughtbackmemoriesofhim Inanycase Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes 风景画 muchinfluences 影响 byKrenkelandSt Johnforfiveyears Artisnowtogetherwithmypianoplayingandreading Thereisatimeforeverythinginmyworld anditiswonderfultohavesometimedoingwhatIwanttodo AsConfuciusoncesaid AtseventyIcanfollowmyheart sdesire 2006 全国I卷D篇 69 Whatisthetextmainlyabout A Learningtopaintinlaterlife B Howtopaintwatercolors C Anartist turnedteacherD Lifeafterretirement 2007全国II E Whereacomposer 作曲家 begins howhemanagestokeepgoing infact howandwherehelearnstrade allarecoveredincompletedarkness Thecomposer inshort isamanofmystery 神秘 Oneofthefirstthingsthecommonmanwantstoknowaboutisthepartinspiration 灵感 playsinacomposer swork Hefindsitdifficulttobelievethatcompo