phd200(final)-2000年博士入学试卷.doc

机密l试卷启封前注：答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效理工大学工程兵工程学院2000年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷学科专业：各专业 考试科目名称：英语English Entrance Examination For Non-English Major Doctoral CandidatesPaper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (15 points, 20 minutes)Section A Directions: In this section you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Each conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked (A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1. A) To cancel his trip B) To go to bed early. C) To catch a later flight D) To ask for a wake-up call2. A) They have different opinions as to what to do next.B) They have to pay for the house by installments.C) They will fix a telephone in the bathroom. D) The mans attitude is more sensible than the womans.3. A) She will save the stamps for the mans sister. B) She will no longer get letters from Canada.C) She cant give the stamps to the mans sister. D) She has given the stamps to the mans roommates.4. A) Visiting the Brownings B) Writing. C) Looking for a postcard. D) Filling in a form.5. A) The man should work with somebody else B) The man should meet his partners needs. C) They should come to a compromise. D) They should find a better lab for the project.6. A) She cant finish her assignment, either. B) She cant afford a computer right now. C) The man can use her computer. D) The man should buy a computer right away.7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures. B) The guest lecturers opinion is different from Dr.Johnsons. C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates. D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college.8. A) Shes never watched a better game. B) Football is her favorite pastime. C) The game has been canceled D) Their team played very badly.Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passage. At the end of each passage, there will be two or three questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet.Passage 19. A) He sold fast food. B) He raised dogs. C) He was a cook. D) He was a cartoonist.10. A) Because the Americans found they were from Germany. B) Because people thought they contained dog meat. C) Because people had to get used to their taste. D) Because it was too hot to eat right away.Passage 211. A) They give out faint cries. B) They make noises to drive away insects. C) They extend their water pipes. D) They become elastic like rubber bands.12. A) They could drive the insects away B) They could keep the plants well watered. C) They could make the plants grow faster D) They could build devices to trap insects.Passage 313 A) To look for a different lifestyle. B) To enjoy themselvesC) For adventure. D) For education14 A) It is a city of contrastsB) It possesses many historical sites.C) It is an important industrial center.D) It has many big and beautiful parks.15. A) It helps develop our personalities. B) It enables us to acquire first-hand knowledge. C) It makes our life more interesting. D) It brings about changes in our lifestyle.Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points, 45 minutes) Directions: In this part there are several passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked (A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1 Every year scientists open more doors that lead to the secrets of new beneficent drugs. There is bacitracin, which was discovered by two scientists at Columbia Universitys College of Physicians and Surgeons. These two people, Dr. Frank Meleney and Miss Balbina Johnson, knowing that the human body had some kind of action in itself with which it fights infections, began to search for the chemical that does this. In the hospital they examined badly infected wounds of people who had been hurt in accidents and made tests of the blood and the infected tissue. Finally, in the wound of a girl who had broken a leg bone, they found the useful germs which seemed to be fighting the poisonous infection. They took some of these into the laboratory and from them developed cultures; that is, larger masses of the germs with which to experiment. At last, after long and painstaking work, they were able to draw from these germs a substance which is a germ destroyer. Dr. Meleney and Miss Johnson named it bacitracin-baci because the germ is, in scientific language, a bacillus and tracin for Margaret Tracy, whose broken leg supplied the germ. Bacitracin at first was used only locally; later the drug was developed into a solution that can be used to fight germ through the blood stream. 16.Today, the discovery of a new drug occurs . A)very seldom. B)once in a generation. C)once every ten years. D)frequently. 17. The scientific term for the action with which the human body fights infection . A)drug. B)biotic. C)not mentioned. D)both A and B. 18. Searching for the fighting chemical, the scientists examined . A)fresh wounds. B)infected wounds. C)only infected leg bones. D)only a few wounds. 19. Cultures, as used in this article, are . A)masses of germs. B)blood tests. C)masses of infected tissue. D)poisonous germs. 20. Bacitracin . A)is poisonous. B)destroys germs. C)restores broken bones. D)develops germs. 21. To say that a drug was used locally is to say that it was . A)distributed through the whole system. B)used only in the area of infection. C)used only at Columbia D)used only in hospitals. 22. From reading this selection you can infer that A)many scientific discoveries are due to chance. B)every year scientists discover new beneficent drugs. C)behind medical discovery there may be a dramatic story. D)culture are large masses of germs. Passage 2 Our echo sounder located the wreck of a French submarine that had foundered during the war in seventy-five feet of water outside Dakar harbor. Dumas and I plunged down and found the vessel lying clean and upright, surrounded by such clouds of fish as we had rarely seen-small silver fingerlings and dark metals. As Dumas swam into the shadow of the port propeller, he came face to face with a gigantic fish, grouper variety, cousin to our familiar Mediterranean meroblast-fish. This specimen was ten times the size of our old acquaintances: he weighed at least four hundred pounds. The wide, flat head and tiny eyes advanced on Dumas; the ugly mouth yawned open, wide enough to admit him. Dumas knew that sedentary groupers have no teeth to speak of; it seemed, however, that this individual might wish to swallow him unmasticated in the fashion of the mero type which swims agape(大张着嘴),taking in whole octopuses（章鱼）. The cavernous mouth approached within two feet; Dumas sculled backward, watchfully keeping a modest interval as the monster unhurriedly followed. The knowledge that the species was harmless gave Dumas little comfort as he gazed into the fishs mouth; he and the grouper exchanged mutual stares of revulsion for a seemingly interminable period while Dumas was steadily pressed back. Then the beast lost interest, turned aside, and returned to its dim home under the lost submarine. Dumas surfaced in a reflective mood: Imagine being swallowed by a lousy grouper. 23. Dumas encountered the jewfish while . A)trying to locate an old wreck. B)skin fishing in Dakar harbor. C)swimming near a foundered submarine. D)attempting to salvage a submarine. 24. The gigantic fish was actually . A)an extraordinarily large pomfret. C)a kind of grouper fish. B)a mero. D)both B and C. 25. This type of fish was supposed to be . A) dangerous if provoked. B) vicious. C) harmless. D) afraid of man. 26. Dumas regarded the fish with . A)tolerant amusement. B)immediate terror. C)complete objectivity. D)increasing suspicion. 27. It seemed to Dumas that the fish wished to . A)drive him away from its home. B)swallow him whole. C)protect itself. D)force him to surface. 28. Dumas comment on surfacing expressed .A)terror at a near escape. B)shame at his reaction to the fish. C)the unreasonableness of the situation. D)revulsion for the fish. 29. Implied but not stated: The fish . A)intended to eat Dumas. B)acted out of simple curiosity. C)lived under the submarine. D)had been misidentified by Dumas. Passage 3Reruns of situation comedies from the fifties and early sixties dramatize the kinds of problems that parents used to have with their children. The Cleavers scold Beaver for not washing his hands before dinner, the Andersons punish Bud for not doing his homework; the Nelsons dock little Rickys allowance because he keeps forgetting to clean his room. But times have changed dramatically. Being a parent today is much more difficult than it was a generation ago. Todays parents must try, first of all, to control all the new distractions that tempt children away from schoolwork. At home, a child may have a room furnished with a stereo and television. Not many young people can resist the urge to listen to an album or watch MTV-especially if it is time to do schoolwork. Outside the home, the distractions are even more alluring, children no longer “hang out” on a neighborhood corner within earshot of Mom or Dads reminder to come in and do homework. Instead, they congregate in vast shopping malls, buzzing video arcades and gleaming fast-food restaurants. Parents and school assignments have obvious difficulty competing with such enticing alternatives. Besides dealing with these distractions, parents also have to shield their children from a flood of sexually explicit materials. Today, children can find sex magazines and pornographic paperbacks in the same corner store that once offered only comics and candy. Moreover, the movies young people attend often focus on highly sexual situations. It is difficult to teach children traditional values when films show teachers seducing students and young people treating sex as a casual sport. An even more difficult matter for parents is the heavily sexual content of programs on television. Most disturbing to parents today, however, is the increase in life-threatening dangers that face young people. When children are small, parents fear that their youngsters may be victims of violence. Every news program seems to carry a report about a mass murderer who preys on young girls, a deviant who has buried six boys in his cellar, or an organized child pornography ring that molests preschoolers. When children are older, parents begin to worry about their kids use of drugs. Peer pressure to experiment with drugs is often stronger than parents warnings. This pressure to experiment can be fatal if the drugs have been mixed with dangerous chemicals. Within one generation, the world as a place to raise children has changed dramatically. One wonders how yesterdays parents would have dealt with todays problems. Could the Andersons have kept Bud away from MTV? Could the Nelsons have shielded little Ricky from sexually explicit material? Could the Cleavers have protected Beaver from drugs? Parents must be aware of all these distractions and dangers, yet be willing to give their children the freedom they need to become responsible adults. It is not an easy task.30. Parents today must protect their children from all of the following except_ .A)Drug abuseB)Life-threatening situationsC)Drinking too much beverage D)Sexually explicit materials31. Traditional values become more difficult for younger generation to accept because _ .A)Teachers set bad examples for studentsB) Bad side effects on children from TV and films outweigh the traditional education C) Parents failed in educating their childrenD)The younger generation can not resist the temptation from all sorts of distractions32. According to the author, what the parents now most fear for about their children is _.A) Physical dangers B). Violent TV programsC) Enticing alternatives D). Sex magazines33. Which of the following words can best describe the authors attitude towards being a responsible parent?A) Frustrated. B) Pessimistic.C). Wait-and see. D) Positive34. It can be inferred from the passage that parents today _.A)Must pay much more attention to their childrens behavior B)Have to strengthen the education on traditional valuesC)Have to strike a balance between their need to provide limitations and their childrens need for freedomD)Must prevent their children from all kinds of seductions of the society 35.The author develops her main idea by _.A)Complaining about some social influences on childrenB)Comparing education of yesterday with that of todayC)Explaining parents worries todayD)Stating her own points with vivid examplesPassage 4 Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values-this cant be repeated too often-are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old. Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision for spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. And at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while theres life, theres hope. When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun. 36. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that _ . A) very old people enjoy living with their relatives B) social services have nothing to do with very old people C) very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more personal freedom D) very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean 37. Some social workers think that _ . A) health and safety are more important than personal freedom B) personal freedom is more important than health and safety C) old people should keep their rooms clean D) one should not take the risk of dealing with old people 38. In the authors opinion, _ . A) the human body cant be compared to a car B) the older a person, the more care he needs C) too much emphasis has been put on old peoples values D) it is easy to provide spare parts for old people 39. The word it in the last paragraph refers to _ . A) the conclusion you have made B) your talk to the old people C) whether age is happy or unpleasant D) ones money or ones health 40. The author thinks that _ . A) medical decisions for old people should be left to the doctors B) old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very rich C) the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is doubtful D) it is always morally right to treat old people and push off deathPassage 5 Let children learn to judge their own work. A child who learns to talk does not learn by being corrected all time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other peoples. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they le