SOCET SET航空影像正射影像生产及相关处理操作.doc

SOCET SET航空影像正射影像生产及相关处理操作SOCET SET航空影像正射影像生产作业流程建立工程导入影像内定向外定向（空三）DTM提取DTM提取流程图ATE-ITE创建DTM文件选择影像设定ATE或non_ATE方法、是否消除建筑物和树木、是否平滑、是否构TIN选择种子文件（如有）保存Run ATEITE打开立体影像加载DTM绘出DTM检察DTM是否分块编辑（点、区域、地貌编辑器）检查合格ATESOCET SET Users Manual 参考: 第22, 24, 25,26,27,28,35章AUTOMATIC TERRAIN EXTRACTION (ATE) Grid DTM在加载工程并导入影像，做完定向之后，可以进行DTM提取（即需要有定向完成后的工程）1. 从main 菜单, 选择 Extraction - Terrain Automatic Extraction.可以看到 Automatic Terrain Extraction (ATE) 菜单.2. 在 ATE菜单中, 选择File Create DTM. 命名 DTM, 点击 按钮, 然后输入DTM名字并按下回车键. 进入View/Edit DTM 界面. 3. 列表中显示所有工程中可以使用的影像. 选择需要的影像. 注意: 你能通过使用Shift 或Ctrl 键选择多个需要的影像. 然后点击 将影像加入到已选栏.4. 浏览已选影像. 要加其它影像到列表,选择后使用方向键， 移除不想要的影像选择后使用方向键.5. 在创建DTM窗口,点击DTM属性（Properties）页 .6. Set DTM Format to Grid.设置DTM格式为Grid7. Set Spacing Units to Meters.设置空间分辨率单位为米Meters8. Set X Spacing and Y Spacing to 10.000 then press Return. Note that the Posts: field updates each time a spacing is entered. The Posts field should be approximately 127075 (if all four images are selected above).设置X和Y方向空间分辨率大小为所需10.000 ，当设置不同的空间分辨率大小，DTM点数量会随之改变。9. In the Define DTM Boundary area, click Use ATE Images, and notice that the DTM Boundary values are automatically updated in the X/Long, Y/Lat, and Z/Elev fields for the Lower Left and Upper Right.在Define DTM Boundary（定义DTM边界）区域，点击Use ATE Images（即为默认的自动提取边界，所有重叠部分），这时DTM Boundary （DTM边界）的坐标自动更新。Click10. In the Create DTM window, click on the ATE Properties tab.在创建DTM窗口，点击ATE Properties（ATE属性页）11. 设置ATE为Adaptive strategy (推荐).Set the ATE to Adaptive strategy (recommended). 注意: Non-adaptive correlation strategies can be used if you are familiar with a particular strategy that applies to your terrain.如果你对处理的地区地形很熟悉可以选择非自适应匹配的策略。12. Uncheck the Eliminate Trees/Buildings/Other filter.选择Eliminate Trees/Buildings/Other可以消除地物和树木13. Set Smoothing: to Low平滑选项14. Set Precision: to High精度15. Ignore the TIN Breaklines and TIN Masspoints settings.16. Click on the Seed DTM tab. Set Seed Point: to Ignore.17. Click Save on the Create DTM window.点击save保存18. Select Options Display Statistics on the ATE menu.在选项菜单中点击Display Statistics可以浏览到刚才所作的设置19. Click Start on the ATE menu. Notice the statistics updating for each pass of the correlation process.在ATE菜单上点击Start，注意处理相关匹配过程的更新20. Click File - Exit on the ATE menu when Automatic Terrain Extraction completes.运行结束后点击File Exit退出TERRAIN GRAPHICS SETUP地形图形设置OVERVIEW: SOCET SET provides the capability to display Digital Terrain Model (DTM) data on the workstation monitors. You can change several display parameters: DTM representation (mesh, contours, profile, etc.), post spacing (every nth post), and color-coding technique.概览：SOCETSET提供在工作站监视器上显示DTM能力。你可以通过设置几个参数改变显示方式（网状、等高线、剖面等），点距（每个点间）和色彩编码技术21. Use the Image loader to load 2_10.sup as the Left Image and 2_8.sup as the Right Image to the stereo view at the load point, then Zoom to 16:1.使用影像加载器加载立体影像、缩放至合适大小22. Set the stereo view roam mode to Full Roam and the view mode to Stereo.立体显示下设置为光标漫游状态23. If other views are open, destroy them with the Image Loader.24. Select Extraction - Terrain Interactive Edit from the SOCET SET main menu.打开ITE25. Select File - Load DTM on the Interactive Terrain Edit menu.加载DTM26. Select escon10m.dth from the Select DTM File list, and then OK.选择ATE建立的DTM27. 点击Options Preferences打开Preference 窗口, 或者点击图标or you can click Setup DTM Graphics icon on the toolbar 也可以. 进行如何描绘地形数据的设定This is where you specify how to draw the terrain data. Setup DTM28. 可以看到随着Mode设置的不同，屏幕显示的DTM方式随之改变。在改变后需要点击DRAW进行DTM重绘。如果不想改变按取消Cancel 。On the Preferences window, experiment with the Mode settings. Clear displays and use DRAW after each change. Use Cancel to save time, if desired.设置自动重绘Set Auto Draw On . With Auto Draw, 缩放和光标移动图形将自动刷新the graphics are refreshed each time you zoom or recenter the display. Try different Zoom levels.设置Mode 为下面的模式并浏览图形显示。 each of the following and review the graphical display: Dots (Try zooming to 4:1, 2:1 and 1:1 when displaying Dots.) Mesh Editable Contours: Set the Color Source to Monochrome. Try setting different contour intervals, such as 20, 10, 5 at 16:1, 2 and 1 at high resolution. (The Index Interval has no meaning with Editable Contours.) Continuous Contours: Try setting different contour intervals. Also, set the Index Interval to logical values for the selected contour interval. Note that an Index Interval of 5 means that every 5th contour will be an index contour.29. Change the Monochrome Color by first clicking on a desired color on the color tablet at the bottom of the DTM Setup menu, then clicking on the Monochrome Color field. Draw various modes of terrain graphics.改变Monochrome Color可以改变DTM图形的颜色。30. Set Color Source to Elevation, then select the Change Default Ranges button. Change the elevation ranges to preference and draw various modes of terrain graphics.设置Color Source可以让DTM图形不同高度显示不同颜色31. Repeat the previous step using Figure of Merit as the Color Source不同灵敏度有不同效果32. Experiment with Line Style and Graphic Width with Editable Contours.等高线线型和宽度可以设定33. Click Done on the DTM Setup panel when finished.设置完成点击DoneINTERACTIVE TERRAIN EDIT (ITE)交互式地形编辑34. 在DTM Preferences 菜单中设置DTM Mode 为Dots35. 点击点编辑图标 在 ITE menu.36. Display terrain graphics, then roam to a region where editing is required.显示需要编辑的地形区域。37. 点击Post Editor menu上的 GRAB POST 按钮。 Observe that the Measuring Mark jumps to the XYZ position of the nearest elevation post.测标可以在点位间移动。38. Observe that the Post Editor displays the current elevation and FOM of this elevation post.点位的高程信息和FOM可以实时显示。39. Adjust the elevation of the post using the trackball or thumbwheel for Z motion.使用轨迹球和滚轮调整高程。 Trackball Systems Note: There is no need to toggle to the Extraction Monitor to perform post editing. The keyboard arrow keys move the Measuring Mark from post to post.方向键可以调整点位。40. Observe that the Elevation field of the Post Editor updates to show the current elevation of this post. Observe also that the graphics update as the elevation of the post is moved.点位高程随着编辑而变化，变换点位时DTM图形显示随之更新。41. Move to an adjacent post by pressing an arrow key. Observe that the Measuring Mark jumps to the adjacent post. Now, click the opposite arrow key to return to the original post. Observe that the FOM displayed on the Post Editor for this previously edited post is now 22=MANUALLY MEASURED. (FOM stands for Figure of Merit. It provides a description for the type of post being used. There is an appendix in the users manual that describes each FOM value. FOM是质量因子，在用户手册的附录部分有描述。42. Use the arrow keys to move to nearby posts and change the elevations, as required.43. Click GRAB POST again, to release and to roam the Measuring Mark to other regions of the terrain file.编辑完成后再次点击GRAB POST可以进入漫游状态。44. Experiment editing with the Post Editor with different types of graphics. Note that Continuous Contours should not be used for interactive editing.等高线Mode不可以进行点方式交互式编辑45. Click Done on the Post Editor menu when finished.46. Select选择ITE menu.中的 File - Save DTM 保存所作的工作。Editing a GRID DTM with the Area TOOLS使用区域工具编辑GRID DTM47. Click the Area button on the 点击ITE menu.上的Area按钮。48. Select an Area edit tool from the following list. For each of the Area tools, use the Sample LMB (left mouse button) to delineate a clockwise polygon within the DTM to be edited. Accept the delineation to initiate the Area Edit tool with the Accept RMB (right mouse button). NOTE: The user manual provides a description of what each tool does. Can you find it?可以选择一种区域编辑工具，编辑时使用鼠标左键点选多边形区域，右键接受后进行编辑。用户手册详细描述了每一种工具的效果。Some of the more useful tools include 下面是一些常用工具： Plane Fill面填充。 Constant Current Cursor使用当前光标值 1st Order Fill第一顺序填充 Smoothing Convolution漩涡平滑Many of the tools are very similar to each other. Try using the tools above and experiment with others as well. For tools such as the Plane Fill the idea is to sample points around a flat area while keeping your cursor on the ground as you go. 许多工具可能彼此相似，可以尽量尝试。比如面填充的概念是当你编辑一个比较平坦的地区，将你的光标置于地面上周围一个区域内的点都会设为同样高度。49. One of the new tools in ITE is the Profile Editor. The Profile Editor provides a more efficient way to do post to post editing and alleviates the need to move from post to post manually. To use it select Profile Editor from the Area Editor tools. 剖面编辑器是ITE的一个新工具。它可以提供一个点到点编辑但是又不必手工移动选取。包含在区域编辑工具中。50. Once you select the Profile Editor delineate a large polygon on the image. Once you accept the polygon the you will see the profiles on the image and a new GUI will appear.如果你选择了剖面编辑工具描绘一个巨大区域的影像，当你接受时你将看到影像的剖面，及一个新的用户图形界面。可以选择平滑和漫游速率51. Change the Roam Style to Smooth and increase the speed slightly and then select Start.52. You will notice that your cursor has moved to the upper left hand corner and starts to move down the profile.53. Move the trackball up or down and notice that the elevation posts move dynamically. You can slow down or speed up the cursor while editing and you can select pause if needed. 上下移动滚轮/轨迹球，可以进行点位高程动态调整。54. Select Close on the Profile Editor tool when finished.结束后点击Close关闭55. Select Save DTM on the ITE menu56. Another very useful Area Editor tool is the Query_posts tool. This very powerful tool can be used to find posts that were not correlated successfully and posts that are much higher or lower than the surrounding terrain posts.点位查询工具也很有用，可以容易的找到匹配错误的点以及一些奇异点（与周围相差较大）57. To use this tool select Query_posts from the Area Editor tool list. 58. Delineate a polygon around the lake by left clicking and then accept it with a right click. When you do that the following GUI appears使用点位查询工具时，沿着湖面点选多边形区域，右键接受后，工具显示如下。59. Select Elevation and then select NOT EQUAL 60. Now while in stereo find the elevation of the lake surface. Type this elevation into the Value field in the Posts Query GUI and hit enter. (What you are doing is telling SOCET SET to flag all posts that are not this exact elevation) Remember that the pixel matching algorithm that produces the elevation posts has trouble over water. Why? 在立体中找到湖面的高程，查询不等于该值的点，61. When you select Execute Query a box appears that shows all your posts that did not equal the elevation you entered.当执行后（select Execute Query），所有不等于湖面高程的点全部显示62. Select the Change Elevation option at the bottom of the GUI and a box will appear asking you to Please enter an elevation. Enter the elevation of the surface of the lake and select OK.于是你可以设置改变这些点的高程为湖面实际高程，于是湖面置平完成。63. You have now changed the elevation of all lake posts to their correct elevation. You may have to refresh the graphics on your screen. Next, open the post editor and move from post to post to confirm that all lake posts have been adjusted. NOTE: The post query tool is very powerful and weve only covered a small part of its functionality you can learn more about it in the SS manual.在用户手册中还有该工具的更多用法。EDIT DTM BLOCK编辑DTMAlthough, the speed in which graphics are drawn has been sped up in the lastest version of SOCET SET it is still useful to use the DTM BLOCK tool to work on only a portion of the DTM at a time. With this tool you can divide up a large area among different operators and not have operators editing the same place twice.尽管，已经有了刷新速度极快的图形显示，DTM BLOCK工具仍然十分有用，它可以让你每次只处理需要的部分DTM。可以令许多操作员同时对一个大区进行不重复的编辑工作。64. From the 从Interactive Terrain Edit 工具选择tool select Options Edit DTM Block 65. When you do this the following tool appears，Edit DTM Block工具界面如下66. Select Change Size and enter a block size of 25 or so. 选择Change Size，输入块的大小67. Now select the Draw Icon in the bottom left hand corner of the Edit DTM Block tool.You will see the DTM Blocks.之后选择Draw 图标，就可以看到DTM已经划分成块。68. Next toggle in and click in one of the boxes you wish to do editing in. Now toggle out and select from the Edit DTM Block tool 之后移动测标点击要编辑的块，并从 Edit DTM Block 工具选择。69. Now refresh the screen and redraw the DTM and you will see that only the posts in the block will be seen during editing. To display all posts again select the Edit Whole DTM button and redraw the DTM. 当刷新屏幕更新DTM后将会只有块内的DTM显示供编辑。选择Edit Whole DTM按钮可以显示并编辑全部的区域。Editing a DTM with the Geomorphic Editor使用地貌编辑器编辑DTMThe Geomorphic editor provides another editting option other than Post or Area edit tools. It contains algorithms that change posts based on their proximity to a delineated line. 地貌编辑器通过描绘线修改相关的点。70. Select Tools - Geomorphic on the ITE menu.71. Update the Interpolation Distance更新内插距离: 适当as appropriate. (建议选择3的倍数Suggested starting value = 3X grid spacing: On this project, 10 X 3 = 30 meters.)72. Select Edit Options from one of the following:选择下面之一的编辑选项。 Uniform_Slope斜坡一致化 this tools is good to use on the side of a hill or mountain if it is generally uniform如果斜坡基本上是均匀一致的，会有比较好的效果 U_Shaped U型化 适合比较圆的谷底this tool is good to use in rounded valleys V_Shaped V型化 适合比较陡的山腰this tool is good to use in sharp draws in a mountainside Bulldozer 推土机 适合用在道路this tool is good to use on roads 73. For each of the above Geomorphic Interpolation Methods:对于每一种地貌内插方法 Draw a geomorphic line within the DTM to be edited using the Sample LMB (left mouse button).使用鼠标左键在DTM中采集一条地貌线。 Accept the delineation to initiate the Geomorphic edit tool with the Accept RMB (right mouse button).右键接受后启动地貌编辑工具74. Click Done on the Geomorphic Editor menu when finished.结束后点击Done75. Select File - Save DTM on the ITE menu.保存Terrain Shaded Relief地形阴影浮雕In this lab we will create a Terrain Shaded Relief or TSR. A TSR is an image representation of an elevation model where the GSD is equal to the post spacing of the DTM. TSRs are very useful in finding anomalies like shear in a DTM that may not be easily visible when displaying DTMS graphically.地形浮雕影像以DTM地面分辨率（GSD）展示高程模型。TSRs 非常有用，可以很容易找出来地形匹配错误的地方。78. Set the view mode to Mono in the current image viewport.设置显示模式为单片模式76. Click点击 ITE menu.上的Option Preferences on the 。选择 Select TSR on the left, and TSR Relief options are displayed.TSR地貌选项界面如下77. Review the parameters available, but leave them set to default values for now.浏览可用参数，仍设为default 缺省值78. Click OK on the Preferences menu.设置完毕点击OK79. Click Draw Relief icon on the ITE menu.点击ITE菜单的绘地貌图标80. Review the terrain shaded relief display. 浏览地形浮雕显示。 Look for artifacts in the terrain revealed by the terrain shaded relief image that could be caused by inaccurate elevation data.通过不正常的高程数据造成的地形浮雕影像找出人文地物TSR with RGB selectedTSR Grayscale81. On the ITE menu, 在ITE菜单上，select选择 Option Relief Options. 试验各种数值去得到对你的DTM最有效的地形浮雕影像。Experiment with the various parameters to obtain the most useful terrain shaded relief image for your DTM. 如果希望回到缺省设置，他们是：Should you desire to return to default values, they are:Output TSR name输出名字Same as input DTM file nameZoom变焦1.0First Sun Azimuth太阳方位角45.0First Sun Elevation太阳高度角30.0First Sun Weight光线强度1.0Vertical Sun Weight垂直光照强度0.3082. Edit the Output TSR name to Test, click Done, and click Draw Relief.83. On the在 SOCET SET main menu, select选择 File Load Images. 这时会有一个地形浮雕影像供加载Note that there is now a TSR image available for loading. 如果输出的影像名不变，影像重新输出后会被改写。 TSR images overwrite the previous image as long as the Output TSR name remains unchanged. 要想保留有用的TSR影像，就需要将输出影像更换其它名字。TSR影像是正射影像，影像由DTM格网点构成。To preserve a particular TSR image, change the Output TSR name as desired, generate the image, then change the Output TSR name again to avoid overwriting it. The TSR image is an orthophoto. Each elevation post in the DTM becomes a pixel in the TSR image.Converting Continuous Contours to Vector Features连续等高线转换为矢量要素84. On the Interactive Terrain Edit menu Select Preferences - Setup DTM. Set the following parameters:在ITE菜单选择Preferences - Setup DTM，设置以下参数 Mode模式:Continuous Contours Contour Interval等高线内插:5 Index间隔标记:5 Color Source色彩:Monochrome85. Load 2_10.sup to the Left channel of the Console monitor and zoom to 16:1. Center the image so that the entire DTM can be displayed.加载影像显示整个DTM86. On the Interactive Terrain Edit menu, disable Auto Draw.在ITE菜单上禁用Auto Draw.87. Verify the rendition using DRAW.使用DRAW88. Select在ITE菜单上选择 File Write DTM to Feature File on the Interactive Terrain Edit menu.89. Enter lab6c as the Feature File name, then press Return. 键入特征码，然后返回，等待处理完成。Wait for the process to complete.90. Select 在ITE菜单上选择File - Exit on the Interactive Terrain Edit menu.91. Select从 SOCET SET main menu选择 Extraction Feature Feature Extraction。 from the SOCET SET main menu.92. On the在 Feature Extraction menu, select选择 File Open FDB.93. Click on lab6c.ftr, then OK.点选刚才输入的”特征码.ftr”，按下OK94. Click Draw on the Feature Extraction menu. 在Feature Extraction 菜单选择DRAW 。结果与ITE中设置应该一致。Are the results the same as those rendered in the Interactive Terrain Edit setup? This file can then be exported to shapefile format for use in other geospatial tools. Note that each contour line also has an associated elevation attribute. We will talk more about feature extraction and attribution later.这个要素文件可以导出为shp格式以用于其它地理数据库。注意每一条等高线都有相关的高程属性。95. Select File Exit on the Feature Extraction menu.AUTOMATIC TERRAIN EXTRACTION (ATE) TIN Format TIN格式的自动地形提取。Note: It does not matter which images are loaded to the monitors to perform the following ATE exercise. Images are required for use in setting up ATE only when polygons are used to describe the region in which ATE is to be performed.96. Select 从SOCET SET 主菜单选择Extraction - Terrain Automatic Extraction from the SOCET SET main menu.97. Select在ATE菜单上选择 File Create DTM on the ATE menu.98. At the top of the Create DTM GUI select the box DTM select box . Enter the name escon_tin for the file name. Clic