Lecture Notes_U5.doc

Electronic Teaching Portfolio Book ThreeUnit Five: HealthPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions. 1. What do you usually do to keep fit? 2. What do you think are the criteria of being healthy?3. Do you know anything about the body clock? How is it related to our health? Answers for reference:1. Possible answers:a. to eat nutritious food;b. to do exercises regularly;c. to have a positive attitude towards life;d. to enjoy good interpersonal relationships, etc.2. Being healthy is a comprehensive matter. We can judge a healthy person from three different perspectives: physical health, mental health and interpersonal relationships. First of all, a healthy person is free from any illness and has enough energy to do his / her daily work. Second, he / she does not suffer from any mental problem and is strong enough to face challenges. Last but not least, he / she gets along well with people around him / her.3. The body clock, or the biological clock, refers to the internal biological mechanism which causes our body to automatically behave at regular times of the day, such as sleeping or eating. The body clock is important for health. It controls our body temperature, hormones, blood pressure and other important body systems. So following your body clock can help you reduce tiredness and increase work efficiency, etc.Section B Quotes Study the following quotes about health. Which quote(s) do you like best? Why?Francis Bacon A healthy body is the guest-chamber (房间) of the soul; a sick, its prison. Francis BaconInterpretation:Physical health and mental health are closely related. A sick body will certainly affect ones mood, attitude and character, etc. Here, Francis Bacon compares the sick body vividly to a prison which greatly hampers (妨碍) the development of ones spiritual life.About Francis Bacon (1561-1626): an English politician, philosopher, writer and one of the leading figures in natural philosophy and scientific methodology in the period of transition from the Renaissance to the early modern era. He was the precursor (先驱) of English empiricism (经验主义) and advocated inductive (归纳的) reasoning. His most famous publications are Essays (随笔) and The Advancement of Learning (学术的推进). Joseph Addison Cheerfulness is the best promoter of health and is as friendly to the mind as to the body. Joseph AddisonInterpretation:Moods have great influence on both our physical and mental health. As has been proved in medical science, we are less vulnerable to illnesses when we are in a cheerful mood. A good mood is the key to mental health.About Joseph Addison (1672-1719): an English writer, best known for the essays he wrote in The Tatler (闲谈者) and The Spectator (观察者). Charles Caleb Colton Money is the most envied, but the least enjoyed. Health is the most enjoyed, but the least envied. Charles Caleb ColtonInterpretation:By using four superlatives, Colton points out the paradox of peoples attitudes towards money and health. We tend to envy those who possess more money, but those who possess more money may not feel happy and satisfied. In contrast, we seldom feel envy for those who enjoy good health, for good health can only be enjoyed by those who possess it.About Charles Caleb Colton (1780-1832): an English clergyman and author. He wrote a large body of writings in his short life, which ended with suicide after an illness. His aphorisms (格言，警句) about friendship, integrity (正直, 诚实), wealth, and knowledge are often cited even to this day.John D. Rockefeller, Jr Giving is the secret of a healthy life. Not necessarily money, but whatever a man has of encouragement and sympathy and understanding. John D. Rockefeller, JrInterpretation:As a great philanthropist (慈善家), Rockefeller Jr. believes that giving and caring for others will bring you a healthy life. What you offer to others may not necessarily be money or material comforts. Spiritual care such as encouragement, sympathy and understanding is equally good and can also serve as the key to a healthy life.About John D. Rockefeller, Jr (1874-1960): an American philanthropist, the only son of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. and heir to the Rockefeller fortune. He gave the UN the land for its headquarters, and built the Rockefeller Center, a large group of buildings in New York City.Section C Watching and DiscussionWatch the following video clip “Fitness” and do the tasks that follow:1. Fill in the missing words according to what you hear from the video clip. A body/age assessment is a measurement of your cardiovascular fitness, your strength, your flexibility and your risk factors. And it gives you a number which is your fitness age compared to your chronological age.Any fitness exam should include some time on a treadmill, to test your heart health and stamina. A complete fitness snapshot adds about 45 minutes to your exam, but leaves you with a new perspective on your well-being.2. What can we learn from John Humphrey? (Open.)Script：Fitness May Be Part of Your PhysicalThe next time you visit your doctor for a physical, dont be surprised if they ask you to move.“When most patients or most people get their wellness exams, theyre sitting down on an exam table. Theyre not doing anything physical. So if you really want to know if youre healthy, you do some sort of a fitness assessment,” says Dr. Sal Lacagnina, vice president of health and wellness with Lee Memorial Health System. More and more, fitness exams are being incorporated into the yearly checkup. “We do this thing called a body/age assessment, which is a measurement of your cardiovascular fitness, your strength, your flexibility and your risk factors. And it gives you a number which is your fitness age compared to your chronological age,” says Dr. Lacagnina. Youd be hard-pressed to guess how old John Humphrey is. He takes care of his body, and its taking care of him.“Im 92 years old. The secret is right here in this workout center,” says John Humphrey. Any fitness exam should include some time on a treadmill, to test your heart health and stamina. A complete fitness snapshot adds about 45 minutes to your exam, but leaves you with a new perspective on your well-being.“As we get older we really need to know Are we healthy? And are we fit? Because those are the things that are going to bring you into your later years in a healthy way,” says Dr. Lacagnina. “I push myself to do it. I mean some people love it. I dont. So I make sure that I keep on my schedule,” says Humphrey. Its about staying fit and adding years to your life. Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word BankIn this section you will listen to a short passage entitled “AIDS Education”. The following words and phrases may be of some help.AIDS n. U Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; a very serious disease caused by a virus which breaks down the bodys natural defences against infection 艾滋病，获得性免疫缺损综合征HIV n. human immunodeficiency virus; the virus which causes the disease AIDS 人体免疫缺损病毒，艾滋病病毒infection n. C; U the act or result of infecting, or a disease spread by infecting 传染，感染；传染病ignorant a. not knowing facts or information that you ought to know无知的virus n. a living thing even smaller than bacteria which causes infectious disease in the body, in plants, etc. 病毒cure n. C, U (for) treatment or substance that cures; remedy 常与for连用疗法；药物 transmit vt. (to) send or pass from one person, place, or thing to another 常与to连用传播，传染positive a. (of a medical test) showing signs of the presence of a substance or growth （医学试验）阳性的HIV-positive 艾滋病检查呈阳性的community n. the people living together and / or united by common background, nationality, etc. 团体；社区Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements according to the information contained in the listening passage.1) One of the reasons for the annual increase in HIV infections is that_.A) people show little concern about HIVB) no effective cure for AIDS has been found yetC) people are unaware of the danger of HIV D) there is no way to prevent HIV from spreading2) The first reason given for AIDS education is _.A) to prevent new infections from taking placeB) to help people know where HIV infections may happenC) to tell people how to protect themselves from HIV and AIDSD) to tell people about the two processes of prevention from HIV infections3) The second reason for AIDS education is _.A) to curb the HIV infectionB) to ask hospitals to offer more helpC) to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive peopleD) to give financial aid to AIDS patients4) The third reason for AIDS education is _.A) to reduce the fear of HIV and AIDSB) to bring down the death rate of AIDSC) to prevent the spread of HIVD) to protect HIV-positive people or AIDS patients 5) The purpose of the passage is _.A) to explain why we should overcome the fear of AIDSB) to criticize schools for neglecting AIDS education C) to prove that the danger of AIDS has been overstated (夸大) D) to give the reasons for AIDS education Answers: 1) C2) A3) C4) A5) D Section C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details Listen to the passage again and fill in the blanks according to what you have heard.1) A survey in the UK found recently that a third of teenagers thought there was a _ _ _. So education is important in _ _ _ of HIV.2) There are TWO processes to prevent new HIV infections: one is to give people _ about HIV and the other is to teach people how to this information to and it practically.3) HIV-positive people need to get _ and _ _. And they also need to find appropriate _ and _ support and help.4) Many people fear those who are HIV-positive. Some extreme cases can be found in _, where AIDS patients _ _ . Answers: 1) A survey in the UK found recently that a third of teenagers thought there was a “cure” for AIDS. So education is important in preventing the spread of HIV.2) There are TWO processes to prevent new HIV infections: one is to give people information about HIV and the other is to teach people how to put this information to use and act on it practically.3) HIV positive people need to get medical services and drug supplies. And they also need to find appropriate emotional and practical support and help.4) Many people fear those who are HIV-positive. Some extreme cases can be found in India, where AIDS patients were burned to death_.Script: AIDS EducationEach year there are more and more new HIV infections. This shows that people either arent learning the message about the dangers of HIV, or are unable or unwilling to act on it. Many people are dangerously ignorant about the virus. A survey in the UK found recently that a third of teenagers thought there was a “cure” for AIDS. So education is important in preventing the spread of HIV.There are three main reasons for AIDS education, the first of which is to prevent new infections from taking place. This actually consists of two processes: first, giving people information about HIV what HIV and AIDS are, how they are transmitted, and how people can protect themselves from infections; then teaching people how to put this information to use and act on it practically.A second reason is to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive people. Too often, AIDS education is only aimed at how to curb the HIV infection. But the needs of HIV-positive people are often neglected. HIV-positive people have varying needs, but among them are the need to be able to get medical services and drug supplies and the need to be able to find appropriate emotional and practical support and help.The third reason is to reduce fear. In many countries there is a great deal of fear of people who are HIV-positive. In some extreme cases in India, AIDS patients were burned to death. Fear can only help AIDS to spread. You see, if people are fearful of being tested for HIV, then they are more likely to pass the infection to someone else without knowing it. So AIDS education benefits both AIDS patients and the rest of the community.Part III Read and ExploreText A Section A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A. 1) Why does the author describe Charles Winget and his wife in the first paragraph?2) How would behavioral scientists explain the differences between Charles Winget and his wife? 3) What are “circadian rhythms” according to Franz Halberg? 4) How does the study of chronobiology benefit people in general?5) What approach has been developed to help a person recognize his bodys patterns?6) How should we arrange our mental and physical work according to the author?7) What tips does chronobiology offer for effective dieting? 8) What tips for sleep problems are offered in the text? Answers for reference:1) Because she intends to show that peoples bodies operate at different speeds.2) Behavioral scientists would say that such differences were caused by personal eccentricities or early conditioning. 3) According to Franz Halberg, circadian rhythms are the regular daily patterns of our body. That is, our systems work on an approximately 25-hour cycle. Sometimes our body speeds up, and sometimes it slows down. It achieves peak efficiency for only a limited time each day.4) Chronobiology tells people how to coordinate their activities with their biological capacities so that they can achieve their best with the least effort.5) Winget and his associates have developed a simple approach. It is to record 6 readings of a persons temperature all through the day and put the readings on graph paper. The rising or falling patterns of the temperature can be recognized as his bodys patterns. 6) Physical work can be best done when our rhythms are at their peak. In most people, this peak lasts about four hours. For mental activities, the timetable is more complicated. Precision tasks such as mathematical work are best tackled when your temperature is on the rise. For most people, this is at 8 or 9 a.m. By contrast, reading and reflection are better done between 2 and 4 p.m., which is the time when body temperature usually begins to fall.7) Eating breakfast rather than dinner helps to lose weight, because calories burn faster in the morning than in the evening.8) Three tips are offered. The first is that we should go to bed at the same time every night and get up at the same time every morning, even on weekends. The second is that the best way to recover from a bad nights sleep is simply to resume your normal cycle. And the third tip is that we should beware of sleeping pills, as most sleeping pills wont work for periods longer than two weeks and there is real danger of drug accumulation in the blood.Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into four parts. Now write down the paragraph number(s) of each part and then give the main idea of each in one or two sentences.PartPara(s).Main IdeaOne 1-4 Our bodies operate with the complexity of clocks. Franz Halberg, a physician-biologist, discovered that there is a 25-hour cycle in the body with the body systems running with regular patterns. Halberg called these regular patterns “circadian rhythms.”Two 5-6 Circadian principles have already been used to schedule astronauts work and it is expected that the work in chronobiology will be applied to increasing our efficiency in daily activities.Three 7-17 Taking the given approach to figure out our bodys patterns, we can then take advantage of chronobiology techniques to improve our health and productivity in such aspects of life as our daily work, dieting, taking medicine and sleeping.Four 18 It is important to keep regularity in all aspects of our life and learn to act in synchronization with our bodys natural rhythms.Section B In-Depth StudyHave you ever wondered why some times each day you achieve greater efficiency than other times, why you are aware more keenly of aches and pains, and why it is easier for you to fall asleep? Actually its all because your bodys time clock is at work.Set Your Bodys Time Clock to Work for YouBarbara Rowes1. As the first rays of sunlight filter over the hills of Californias Silicon Valley, Charles Winget opens his eyes. It is barely 5 a.m., but Winget is raring to go. Meanwhile, his wife pulls up the covers and buries her face under the pillow. “For the past fifteen years,” says Winget, “weve hardly ever gotten up together.”2. The Wingets situation is not uncommon. Our bodies operate with the complexity of clocks, and like clocks, we all run at slightly different speeds. Winget is a morning person. His wife is not at her best until after nightfall.3. Behavioral scientists long attributed such differences to personal eccentricities or early conditioning. This thinking was challenged in the late 1950s by a theory labeled chronobiology by physician-biologist Franz Halberg. In a Harvard University laboratory, Dr. Halberg found that certain blood cells varied predictably in number, depending on the time of day they were drawn from the body. The cell count was higher at a given time of day and lower 12 hours later. He also discovered that th