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1 一 对材料的指称 The writer the author the reading passage the reading material the writing the reading the speaker the lecturer the professor the lecture the listening material 二 指代阅读材料中信息的抽象名词 1 reason cause basis ground motive motivation 2 example instance exemplar 3 evidence data fact proof basis foundation 4 explanation for of account of 5 definition description clarification illustration demonstration 6 assumption premise presumption supposition postulation hypothesis guess conjecture 7 conclusion belief idea opinion judgment view notion argument theory 8 issue matter topic subject concern problem 2 9 acknowledgement observation prediction 10 statement point 11 advice recommendation appeal proposal plan scheme 12 benefit advantage improvement 三 指代听解材料中信息的抽象名词 1 further closer other studies researches 2 new finding discovery 3 alternative explanation theory 4 counter example evidence 5 allegation claim 6 objection refutation 7 remark comment 四 对比相关信息 THE AUTHOR discuss introduce argue conclude suggest recommend propose appeal 3 THE PASSAGE discusses introduces concludes argues THE SPEAKER 1 point out say tell put 2 disagree with disapprove refute rebut reject object to oppose counter 3 doubt question challenge 4 cite mention quote refer to 5 suggest imply put forward 6 explain exemplify show illustrate 7 support agree with stand by back up 听解材料与阅读材料中的观点不同时听解材料与阅读材料中的观点不同时 听解材料更有可信度时的提法 比如提及 a more recent study a closer observation 1 Not as the passage puts it 2 Unlike described in the passage 3 Contrary to the passage Quite the contrary Quite the opposite Just the opposite By contraries On the contrary To the Contrary 4 While whereas the writer states the lecturer opposes the claim 5 The fact is The point is It turns out that 4 6 The speaker provides an alternative explanation of for which the writer suggests is 7 The lecture completely refuses the passage 8 Contrary to the belief in the reading passage that 9 Finally the professor stated that which challenges the standpoint made by the writer who said that 10 Contrary to the belief in the passage that the professor says that 11 The professor refutes the viewpoint showed in the passage that by saying that 没有明显倾向时的提法 12 The writer believes suggests implies 13 The author of passage points out that while the lecture notes that 14 The lecture discusses which differs from the main idea in the reading that 15 The lecture discusses which differs from the main idea in the reading that 16 The professor made the point that The reading in contrast held a different view 17 Another important point showed in the listening material is that but the reading presents a conflicting idea that 5 18 In general the professor discussed the problem of that the reading viewed in a contrary opposing different angl

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