GRE写作常用表达问答札记812则(20040823).doc

GRE写作表达札记812则英语写作常用表达用法问答整理BY XMSAND (SAND)现将暑期关于水木清华GRE版上关于写作常用表达以及相关运用的提问，以札记的形式回答整理如下。非常感谢supervictor, TXJJZYZQBX, stormlina, wne, lotusson, renwei2, thwolf, jameslp等朋友的支持和帮助，尤其感谢yaki，他总是札记的第一读者，每次都认真核对，提出很多修改意见。希望此札记能给版上所有朋友提供一些参考和帮助。由于笔者水平有限，问题回答和札记整理过程中肯定有不当甚至错误之处，敬请大家不吝指出（）。第51页 共50页 1.网络化 动词cyberize是比较通用的翻译，也有人用latticing2.先把衣服泡着吧 Let the clothes soak for some minutes in (warm) water. 3.“不相上下地” be equally matched; almost on a par; roughly the same;neither is better than the other; eye ball to eye ball4.“需要注意的是” (need)special attention5.价值观,世界观,审美标准,的英文翻译? 价值观values 例如：传统的价值观念 traditional values世界观world ideology/outlook/view 审美标准aesthetic standards6.有钱能使鬼推磨怎麽译啊?我提供两种翻译，仅供参考_(fig) Money makes the mare go. (lit) If one has money one can even make the devil turn ones millstone.7.：“留学回国人员”怎么说啊 现在有一个通用的说法：returned student(s)也可以加个解释（one who studied overseas and returned for development）8.请问：生产资料&生活资料 如何表达？生产资料means of production 生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence9.办签证怎么说啊 grant a visa;visa比如我们说，给护照签证：put a visa on a passport;have/get ones passport visaed10.对客户说我将帮你把电话转接过去“怎么翻译 Ill put you through.11.国外引进的技术怎么说?我建议你翻译的时候用动词短语表达_ import/introduce foreign technology12.请问归一化系数怎么翻？ normalization factor13.请问五角大楼怎么说？ The Pentagon14.由于政府的态度尚未明朗，市场人气看低。Since the governments attitude is unclear, public confidence in the marget is waning.15.请教大侠，“核心思想”怎么说阿？核心思想core/kernel/key thought/idea/ideology 另外，指导思想guiding idea/ideology主导思想dominant thought 中心思想 central/main idea 16.嘉年华英语怎么说? Carnival17.请问“在线留言”怎么说？多谢！ online message18.请问“经销商”怎么说？多谢！ distributor; sales agent; dealer19.请问锡箔纸怎么翻译呢？ tinfoil paper20. 山盟海誓怎么翻译呀oaths as high as the mountains and vows as deep as the oceans-solemn pledge of love;立下山盟海誓，swear eternal love; swear an oath of enduring faithfulness/fidelity; make a solemn pledge of love21.Re: 销售目标怎么说呀？sales target22.”社会实践“用英语怎么说？social practice23.Re: 请问：把眼光放长远 如何表达？see things in a broader perspective24.Re: 请问大侠“攻防对抗”怎么翻译？confrontation between offence and defence25.Re: 从帐户扣除怎么说？.will be deducted from ones (bank) account.26.我尊敬生命，宝爱生命，我对于人类没有怨恨，我觉得许多缺憾是可以改进的，只要人们有决心，肯努力。I have no grievances against humanity. I think many human failings can be remedied so long as people strive with firm determination.27.Re: 战利品怎么说?spoils of war; war trophies/booty; loot; capture28.Re: 请问人在江湖身不由己怎么翻?You cant control everything in a traits world. 29.”心动不如行动“英文如何表达？There is no failure excepting no longer trying. 30.“占的比例大”怎么说？form/constitute a large proportion31.不懈的努力enduring/relentless efforts 不懈追求、坚持不懈unremitting pursuit32.求助:静力用英语怎么表达?在线等.谢谢.静力学statics 静摩擦力breakdown friction;static friction force33.Re: 请问“总量”怎么翻译地道一些？ total capacity;gross amount34.Re: 请问合同到期怎么说?我写几种表达，你可以根据你的句式来选择：1）expired contract 2)The contract has reached maturity.3)The contract has run out. 4)The contract has expired. 5)The contract becomes due.35.Re: 请问光辉的荆棘路用英文怎么翻译？我们一般翻译为光荣的荆棘路_ The Thorny Road of Honor36.“随便说说”，怎么说？ make a casual comment37.Re: 接待客人 怎么说？ receive/play host to some guests38.请问 城市燃气 怎么说？ 谢谢！ city fuel gas39.请问欢迎莅临指导怎么翻译？Your presence and instructions are requested/appreciated.40.Re: 请问 利用率 怎么说？utilization ratio41.Re: “心态”应该用哪个词？ psychology; state/habit of mind; mental attitude42.Re: 请问“小五金”“浴帘”如何翻译？小五金 metal fittings(such as nails, bolts, etc) 浴帘 shower curtain 43.Re: 获得某人的认同 怎么说？ 1)approve/endorse 2)identify44.Re: 上游发展战略中的“上游”怎么翻译啊？1)upper reaches(of a river) 2)advanced position45.Re: 投稿用英语怎么说？ (转载)contribute to. send/submit a contribution to .46.Re: 请问人才招聘怎么说？ recruit people with talent47. Re: “人才培养”怎么翻译 personnel training48.Re: 请问，如韬光养晦的翻译怎么译呢？ hide ones capacities and bide ones time49.Re: 请问辅导员和学生工作助理怎么翻译呢？辅导员advisor;instructor;councellor 助理assistant;aide50.Re: 研究生部怎么翻译啊？在线等急! graduate department51.Re: 如何翻译“人事科” personnel section/department52.Re: 请问“道高一尺，魔高一丈”怎么说？(lit)If the Tao/Buddha risesone foot, the demon rises ten feet.(fig)Originally:The virtuous are outnumbered by evil doers.Now:One just force outnumbers an opposing force,or,no sooner does one solve one problemtahn another arises.53.Re: 通用性 怎么说 急！ 多谢 interchangeable/universalize54.Re: 可编辑的怎么说？ editable55.Re: 请问开普勒和第谷的英文名是什么？开普勒(JKepler)第谷(Tycho.Brahe)56. Re: “车到山前必有路”如何翻译？(lit)When te car gets to the mountains, there will have to be a way through.(fig)Cross that bridge when you come to it.57.XXXX公安局XXX派出所英文怎么说？local police station/police substation58.Re: 请问“签定合同”如何译？enter into/make/conclude/sign a contract (with)59.Re: 请多多关照怎么说？I command myself to your notice. Many thanks for your help.60.Re: 掌握情况的掌握怎么翻译比较好？grasp;master;know well;have a good command of;have in hand;hold;control61. Re: 决策理论decision-making theory? decision theory62.Re: 并列第二名 怎么说？我和你并列第二。I tied with you for the second place.63.Re: 求助：“炼狱”的英文怎么讲？(1)【天主教】purgatory (2)abyss of misery64.Re: 请教：（官员或领导）的行政级别 怎么说？ (administrative)rank 65.Re: 请教“满足约束条件”的翻译？ meet restraint conditons/requirements66.Re: 问2个中国单位的翻译方法，请帮助！人事局personnel bureau 劳动社会保障局Bureau of Labour and Social Security党校Party school 小区housing estate67.Re: 量化怎么说？ 可以用quantify;quantize常用搭配： 量化分析quantitative analysis 量化管理quantitative management68.Re: 请教翻译，谢谢造币厂mint 货币money;currency 爵士knight69.Re: 半杯水，英语怎么说的一般我们都说 half a cup/glass of 例如：半杯咖啡half a cup of coffee70.Re: 人口流动 population shift71.“伴随一生”怎么表示好？感觉用名词会不会好一些呢？或尝试改一下表达。仅供参考：. is/are my lifelong companion(s). . is my whole life and my soul.72.Re: 请问“悖论”用英语怎么说？谢谢antinomy; antilogy; paradox73.Re: 局部冲突怎么说？local/partial cnflict74.Re: 请问“时势造英雄”怎么翻译circumstances create heros;times produce their herosIt is the times that produce their heros, not the heros who usher in the times.是时势造英雄而非英雄造时势。75.Re: “电视转播”比较好的说法是什么？用relay;rebroadcast吧，例如：向全国做实况转播.be relayed/transmitted live nationwide76.Re: 宗教改革怎么说?我们在翻译这个词语的时候，关键看你用在什么环境下：如果是指在欧洲历史上发生的那次宗教改革可以翻译为the Reformation一般意义上的可以翻译为religious reform77.Re: 时代的局限性怎么说？limitations of the times78. Re: “宣誓”怎么说？有很多种表达,我列举几个经常用的吧：take/swear an oath; vow; make a vow/oath一般用到的表达有：宣誓就任总统be sworn in as president 宣誓入党take the oath on being admitted to the party 宣誓入伍be sworn into the party宣誓效忠swear allegiance 庄严宣誓make a solemn vow79.Re: 逛街怎么说？stroll through streets; go window-shopping; loiter along streets80.Re: 弱弱的问物理里的永动机怎么说阿？perpetual-motion machine81.Re: 表示“*思想现在已经深入人心”怎么好啊？strike/take root in the hearts of the people; be deeply implanted in the hearts of the people;strike a deep chord in the hearts of the people.给你几个例句参考一下：Peaceful reunification has taken root in the hearts of the people.和平统一已经深入人心。New ideas are slowly filtering into peoples minds. 新思想逐渐深入人心。The Chinese reform and open policies have won popular support.中国改革开放政策深入人心。82.Re: 成人仪式怎么说？Coming of Age ceremony 83.Re: 请问：奥姆真理教该怎么拼？谢谢！ Japanese Aum Doomsday Cult. B. 84.Re: “表面上地”怎么说？在不同的情况下，表达也不太一样。给你几个常用的表达参考一下：表面上不情愿be seemingly reluctant 表面上生气apparent anger 表面上相似superficial resemblance 流于表面上的检查superficial inspection 受表面现象迷惑be misled by the externals 从表面上看outwardly 他表面文静，其实脾气很暴躁。Beneath that ostensibal calmness is a man of fierce temper.85.Re: 对某事抱太高的希望用英语怎么说?put ones expectations too high86.Re: 右下角怎么说？ lower right-hand corner87.Re: 请问“外因还要通过内因起作用”该怎么说？External causes become operative through internal causes.88.Re: 农作物的产量怎么说？(crops) output/production89.Re: 浓郁的人文环境怎么翻译啊可以用“浓郁的人文环境”这种说法，英文中这样表达：strongly humanistic atmosphere 90.Re: 请问“贞观之治“如何翻译？谢谢！Golden Years of Zhenguan, marked by peace, prosperity, openness, and efficient government91.Re: 请教：违约金怎么说的亚penalty/liquidated damages 92.Re: 请教大家：良药苦口怎么说阿good medicine tastes bitter; bitter pills have wholesome effects.常用翻译：良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。 Just as bitter medicine cures sickness, unpalatable advice benefits conduct. 93.Re: 居里夫人发现镭这个事情怎么用英文阐述？Madame Curie discovered the element radium. 94.Re: 有没有中东问题相应的翻译The Mideast95.因材施教 teach students in accordance with their aptitute;modify ones way of teaching to suit the special requirements of each class;offer an individualized quality education for every student英雄所见略同great minds think alike; heroes have similar views96.Re: 请问，可持续发展怎么说sustainable development常用的表达：推动国民经济的可持续发展further the sustainable development of the national economy97.Re: 文化的传承？怎么说impart and inherit culture; impart and pass on culture98.Re: 请问奥斯特怎么说呀Oersted 99.Re: 求教翻译大陆法系，英美法系大陆法系continental law system; Romano-Germanic family; system of civil law英美法系Anglo-American law system100.Re: 请问,交换苹果和交换思想是谁说的呀?Bernard Shaw If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange apples thenyou and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas.101.Re: 请问“不胜枚举”及“合理统一”该怎么说？不胜枚举too many to enumerate/list; defy enumeration; unable to mention individually。合理统一 这个词语的翻译得给出完整的句子。raratinal/proper unity/uniformity.？102.Re: “占据越来越大的比例”该怎么说？hold/account for a growing proportion of 103.Re: 请教“快节奏的生活”怎么说？He was not quite used to the quick pace of life there.104.Re: 眼光只停留在表面现象上怎么翻译呢？我觉得用remain/stay on the surface of比较自然一些吧，个人观点。105.Re: 请问一下圣赫勒拿岛怎么说?Saint Helena Island 106.Re: 社会动荡 请问怎么讲？social turbulence/turmoil/agitation/unrest107.Re: 问一些翻译。关于道德法律，圣诞老人。谢谢指教！道德败坏be morally degenerate; be immoral不道德的思想 也可以用unethical表达严厉的惩罚 severe punishment可以，用动词表达会好一些，severely punish punishment作“惩罚；惩处” 不可数，作“刑罚；处罚”可数限制节目内容place/impose restrictions on;restrict;limit;confine;+programme（item）提高价格的幅度raise margins of price fluctuation归根结底 in the final/last/ultimate analysis; in essence;at bottom;boil down轻视法律的作用 underestimate the roles of law圣诞老人 Father Christmas; Santa Claus 这两个比较通用，前一个用得比较多。108.Re: There is no perpetual law是Jeffison说的吗我原来学英美概况时候背过，Thomas Jefferson说的好像是：No society can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law.109.Re: “代表性”怎么说？都可以，representative是形容词，representativeness; representation是名词。这里，建议你用形容词110.Re: 知识爆炸的时代怎么说呀？Knowledge explosion times111.Re: 花边新闻，绯闻如何翻译？花边新闻box news;titbit;news of illicit love绯闻rumor of a love affair;sexual scandal;amorous affair112.Re: 富贵病如何翻译呢？costly chronic disease;rich mans disease (one that calls for a long period of rest and and expensive treatment )113. Re: 请教“分工日益细化”怎么说？increasingly compartmentalised114.Re: 【问】生化武器怎么说啊？biochemical weapons115.Re: 请问“无可厚非”该怎么说呀？give no cause for criticism无可厚非的行为 irreproachable conduct116.Re: 请问世界足球先生，日心说怎么说，谢谢！世界足球先生World Player 日心说Heliocentric Theory117.Re: 请问“多元化”怎么说？用多元化文化吧：multiculture多元化：become pluralistic多元pluralistic;multivariate;polybasic;multivariable118.Re: 请问对什么什么的认识怎么说the knowledge about.We have greatly advanced in our knowledge about outer space. 我们对外层空间的认识有了很大进展。awareness of.This incident have sharpened public awareness of the economic crisis. 这件事提高了公众对经济危机的认识。insight.Often we have found agreement.But even when we have not,we have gained insight into each other;and we have learned to appreciate the others perspectives on the world.我们常常达成一致意见，即使不能达成一致意见，我们也能加深对彼此的认识，理解对方对世界事务的看法。 119.Re: 迫于生活的压力怎么说？under the stress/pressure of.120. Re: “审美情趣”该怎么说呀？aesthetic sentiment121.Re: 北朝鲜核危机如何用英语描述呢？North Korea Nuclear Crisis122.实现理想和现实的统一achieve/bring about unity of ideal and reality123. 审美情趣aesthetic sentiment124.脱离实际be divorced from reality; lose touch/contact with reality 125.经受时间考验 stand the test of time 126.形象思维thinking in (terms of) images or symbols127.就是民族与民族之间的冲突不可消除.战争无法避免，源于人骨子里的。（不记得后面是虾米东西了）关于这些方面的，如何组织语言呢？Conflicts among nations are by no means preventable, thus wars are not able to be eradicated. Yet all these originate in the human nature. 128.请问素质，节奏（pace的同义词），疾病一般比较地道的说法是什么？“素质”在英语中有很多表达，常见的地道表达有：（1）nature; true disposition (2) quality; markings (3) diathesis (医学上专用)“节奏” 可以用（1）rhythm（2）tempo“疾病”disease; sickness; illness; ailment;129.“换汤不换药”怎么说啊？有没有地道的表达啊？有的。old wine in a new bottle;same medicine different prepared; same old stuff with a different label; change in form but not in content.130.请问知名度，实习生，怎么说？谢谢！知名度popularity常用表达：保持知名度 keep /maintain/retain ones popularity 失去知名度lose popularity提高知名度enhance/heighten/increase ones popularity享有很高知名度enjoy high popularity知名度上升ones popularity increases知名度下降ones popularity descends/declines/wanes/drops实习生 trainee/intern131.Re: how to say知识的广度和深度，width and depth of (sbs) knowledge132.Re: ask a translation 2 价铁divalent iron 3 价铁trivalent iron 133.Re: 请问适龄儿童，民主党，共和党，日益严峻的怎么说？多谢！适龄儿童children of school age e.g. enrolment rate for children age 适龄儿童入学率民主党Democratic Party e.g. Democrat民主党党员 共和党Republican Party e.g. Republican共和党党员日益严峻的 get/become + worse/deteriorating/worsening + day by day或直接用动词deteriorate increasingly/day by day来表达。134.Re: “弊端”怎么表达用abuse表达“弊端”是可以的，一般我们要在不同语境选择不同的词语。常用的有：malpractice; abuse; corrupt practice; ill; pitfall常用的表达有，供参考：e.g. avoid the rise of malpractices and evils 避免弊端redress social abuses矫正社会弊端wipe out political abuses根除政治弊端 ills of higher education高等教育的弊端pitfalls of the system体制中的弊端135.Re: “生活保障”怎么说呀？living allowances/subsistence allowancese.g. two guarantees (guaranteeing that the for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises and that the pensions of retirees are paid on time and in full)两个确保（确保国有企业下岗职工的基本生活，确保离退休人员的基本生活，保证按时足额发放基本养老金）subsistence allowances for the urban poor城市居民最低生活保障136.Re: 请指教“英法百年战争”和“法国大革命”怎么表达呢。多谢Hundred Years War French Revolution137.Re: 请指教“新德里”和“旧德里”怎么表达呢。多谢新德里New Delhi 旧德里Old Delhi138. Re: 请指教“模拟电视”和“数字电视”怎么表达呢。多谢模拟电视Analog Television 数字电视Digital Television 139.Re: 请指教“电脑远程会议”和“网上专家会诊”怎么表达呢。多谢电脑远程会议remote meetings (share a remote computer during a meeting)网上专家会诊experts (group) consultation on internet140.Re: 请指教“被胜利冲昏头脑”怎么表达呢。多谢为方便表达，我统一用he/his，给你几个常用表达参考一下，因为我打字比较慢，只能先打几个常用的：）Success turned his head. He became dizzy with success.He was carried away by success. He was puffed up by his victory.141.Re: 请指教“公共意识”和“社会责任感”怎么表达呢。多谢公共意识public consciousness 社会责任感The Sense of Responsibility in Society142.Re: 填空那个的“空”（noun.）英文怎么说？具体问题具体分析了，常用表达：(1)fill in the blanks,考试中的填空，正规表达填空题Colze Test （2）fill(up) a vacancy; fill a vacant position.143.Re: 请问古代皇帝名怎么写可以，处理古代皇帝姓名翻译的时候，我们都是采用这样的原则。e.g. Tang Dynasty was established by Li Yuan and his son Li Shimin.144.Re: 生物用creature可否？用organism;living thing/being吧，我们通常用这两个。一个关于生物的常用表达，经常有人问我，我顺便说一下，呵呵protect biological diversty 保护生物的多样性145.Re: 详细的逻辑评估怎么说？ detailed logical evaluation146.Re: =“有代表性的”怎么说呀？=representativee.g. I think this view is representative.我认为这种看法很有代表性。147.Re: 请问一下“乐圣”用英语怎么说？ master of music同理，画圣master of painting148.Re: 问一个表达。因果关系颠倒了,请问纯正的说法是什么？invert cause and effect颠倒因果 causal inversion因果关系的颠倒149.Re: 请指教“凡高”怎么表达，谢谢 Vincent van Gogh150.Re: 请指教“清朝”和“商朝”怎么表达，谢谢Qing Dynasty(1644-1911);Shang Dynasty(1600-1046BC)151.Re: 请指教“相对论”怎么表达，谢谢相对论 principle of relativity;relativism;relativity;theory of relativity.152.Re: 请指教“逻辑思维”怎么表达，谢谢logical thinking153.Re: 请指教：牛顿说的“如果说我比别人看得更远一些，那是因为我站?If I have seen further (than you and Descartes), it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants.154.Re: 世界文化遗产该如何说 World Cultural Heritage155.Re: 请问饰演和阿碦硫斯怎么说？就是Iliad里面的英雄饰演play the role/part of; act the part of;play;act e.g. play a villain饰演坏蛋阿碦硫斯Achilles156.请教几个翻译这恰恰证明了It exactly proves that 这家公司的业务范围是This company/corporations business scope is157.那critical thinking到底是指什么呢？思辨性思考,批判思考，它是一种产生疑问、合理思考、分析、评估，以解决争议和下结论的过程(process)。158.Re: 现场录象如何翻译 field television video recording159.Re: 再问一个表达。有相当（多， 大）一部分的给你几个常用表达，最近头脑混乱，就想起这几个了：）相当多quite a few 获得相当大的报酬be handsomely rewarded造成相当大的破坏cause considerable damage to相当大的利润/高的价格/好的运气 handsome profit/price/fortune一笔相当可观的钱 a considerable sum of money160.Re: 请问“划定一个区域作为。”怎么说？divide.for.或者fix呵呵，用“选定、建立”好不好呢？e.g. establish a special economic zoneShenzhen and Zhuhai were made into special economic zones in the 1980s.161.Re: 请问“这项支出在人们收入中所占的比例”怎么说？This . expenditure has constituted. proportion of . income.162.Re: 表示“后代/前辈”有哪些词啊？后辈(1)juniors;younger generation.e.g. We, the younger generation, should make greater contributions to the motherland than our elders.(2)posterity;descendants.e.g. Quite a few of his descendants were eminent scientists.前辈senior(person);elder;older generation;predecessor革命前辈revolutionary predecessor 同行中的老前辈senior of a profession163.Re: 既然高人在，我就问几个弱问题到底是human being还是human beings,evidence没有复数形式吧？我打字比较慢，请见谅啊：）可以用human beings,human being是可数名词，但是如果把它看作整体，一般就用hunman being 就可以了，看几个例子：e.g.(1) This is a book on how to get on with your fellow human beings.(2)He is a detestable human being.evidence一般做不可数名词，但也有特例：e.g. evidences of prosperity繁荣的迹象There are evidences that somebody has been living here. 迹象表明有人一直住在这儿。164.“毕业生就业率”怎么说 graduate employment rate 165.社会保障体系怎么说？social security system166.Re: 浅海鱼类 远洋捕捞 等如何翻译？浅海鱼类fish in shallow marine water 远洋捕捞pelagian/pelagic fishery;deep-sea fishing 深海区abyssal region 捕鱼船fishing boat/vessel 167.Re: 请问 巴士底狱 怎么说？the Bastille168.Re: 请问决定权怎么说决定权decision-making power常用表达，有最后决定权 have the final say169.Re: 请教几个翻译红潮red tide 酸雨acid rain 周庄 (Ancient Township of) Zhou Zhuang170.Re: =请教，中国出现的韩流怎么翻译？=South Korea trend 171.Re: 问“通货膨胀”和“供过于求”的表达方法？通货膨胀inflation供过于求,可以用很多表达方式，用单词可以用glut/surplus e.g. There is a glut/surplus of eggs on the market.用短语:supply exceeds/outstrips demand; have an excess of supply over demand172.标 题: Re: 基因工程 纳米技术如何翻译？基因工程genetic engineering 纳米技术nanotechnology173.Re: 请问达芬奇的那幅“蒙娜丽莎”该怎么说？Mona Lisa 174.Re: 作