GMAT最精华 OG总结 语法改错1-10.doc

1. The Glass House Mountains in Queensland, Australia, were sighted in 1770 by the English navigator Captain James Cook, by whom they were named supposedly because its sheer wet rocks glistened like glass.(A) by whom they were named supposedly because its(B) by whom they were named supposedly and their(C) naming them supposedly since their(D) who so named them supposedly because their(E) who so named it since supposedly their解析：1. 逻辑：（1）“山是James Cook发现的”。划线之后由who引导的从句是用来形容人的，说James Cook做了些什么（给山命名）以说明这个人，而非山，所以应该用主动语态，AB不可取，且AB中by /were named莫名的被动语态，更不可取。（2）because是最后分句were named的原因状语（因果关系）.问题： supposedly修饰该原因状语“据说是因为”， B项and their丢失因果关系，排除2. 主谓一致：sheer wet rocks是mountains的，应用复数，取their而非its, AE错3. 修饰对象：James Cook是主句中的介词宾语，而非主语。所以从句用naming时James Cook无法作施动者。C错4. 措词：since不如because的因果关系明确，且since一般引出听者所熟知的信息（见区别） CE错5. 生词：明确supposedly“据认为,据推测; 据称”； glisten vi.闪亮，闪耀答案：D2Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally under way, many economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.(A) have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally(B) raised hopes for there being a recovery finally(C) had raised hopes for a recovery finally being(D) has raised hopes that a recovery is finally(E) raised hopes for a recovery finally解析：1逻辑：“尽管零售量的上涨唤起最终复苏到来的希望，但是许多经济学家说若没有大量的投入复苏很难维持” 2时态：although尽管，描述既定事实，且“尽管*唤起*，但是” 如此明确的逻辑关系要求前半句是现在完成时（已发生，但未停止，且强调对现在的影响）。没有过去时点，何来过去完成时？排除C；简单过去时，抹杀了两个分句的关系，排除BE 3主谓一致：主语a surge 排除A4简洁：there is 与 is under way 不能同时用,wordy. 此句recovery is under way 是最简洁的了，there be没必要，排除AB5不正常: hope for+n. hope that(句子).要么希望要一个东西，要么希望某件事情是真的/能实现，前者用for,后者用that. 但题目中hope forbeing的结构其实是企图用hope for的结构来表达hope that的意思。因为人们是希望“复苏最终到来/实现”，是希望这件事能实现，而不是recovery本身。非要用hope for 那后面的名词就不应该是recovery而应是”复苏”的到来”。（排除CE）6. 生词：be under way进行中；正在开展 spending 本身可以作名词“花费；开销“答案：D It is just customary to make hope plural in your case. 相似的还有expectations3Although various eighteenth- and nineteenth-century American poets had professed an interest in Native American poetry and had pretended to imitate Native American forms in their own works, until almost 1900, scholars and critics did not begin seriously to study traditional Native American poetry in native languages.(A) until almost 1900, scholars and critics did not begin seriously to study(B) until almost 1900 scholars and critics had not begun seriously studying(C) not until almost 1900 were scholars and critics to begin seriously to study(D) it was not almost until 1900 when scholars and critics began to seriously study(E) it was not until almost 1900 that scholars and critics seriously began studying解析：1 时态：although引导的是过去完成时（18，19世纪），则后面分句需有过去时的参照点（快1900时），前后如果都是过去完成时则缺少参照点,排除B2 修饰对象：until most置于后一分句开头造成修饰对向不明，到底是对前面的had professed & had pretended呢，还是后面的 study呢？不明！ 排除AB3 不正常：C项正常语序是scholars and critics were not to begin seriously to studyuntil almost 1900, 可以看出用were to表示过去是不对的。且be to 和begin to都表即将做某事，揉在一起，堆砌，不可取。排除C如果改成：, not until almost 1900 did scholars and critics begin seriously to study 这就是对的4 固定搭配：强调句型 it be that，此句是“it is not until that” 排除D；这里begin to do/ begin doing 都是可以的。见区别中这两者区别. 所以这里不能用来排除选项5 语序：almost 修饰1900，需与其紧邻，排除D，D是修饰until, 乃中国式英语6 生词：poet诗人 poem诗 poetry诗，诗集； profess vt. 声称，断言，宣称，公开表示 imitate vt模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制答案：E 4. Of all the vast tides of migration that have swept through history, maybe none is more concentrated as the wave that brought 12 million immigrants onto American shores in little more than three decades.(A) maybe none is more concentrated as(B) it may be that none is more concentrated as(C) perhaps it is none that is more concentrated than(D) maybe it is none that was more concentrated than(E) perhaps none was more concentrated than解析：1. 固定搭配：morethan. 排除AB，A如果改成than就对了；2. 时态：题目在对比过去发生的移民潮，所以前面从句用过去完成时（从古到今发生的），但主句从bought可判断与（带来1200万移民的）那次移民潮对比的结构必须用一般过去时，故排除ABC（都是错在第二个is）3. 措词：maybe 与perhaps一般可互换，不过perhaps稍正式些4. 罗嗦：B的it may be that C、D的maybe/perhaps it is none that 5. 指代不明：C、D的maybe/perhaps it is none that，这不像it is clear that一样it指代的就是that后的内容。该规则用于本句显然不合适，那么it就必须有所指代，但事实上没指代任何东西。排除CD6. Migration迁移；移民；移动 (immigration外来移民；移居; emigration移民；移民出境；移居外国) migrate移动；随季节而移居；移往; - immigrate移入-emigrate移居外国 【migrant immigrant emigrant】答案：E5. Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nations third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.(A) ranks as the nations third leading cause of death, surpassed only(B) rank as the nations third leading cause of death, only surpassed(C) has the rank of the nations third leading cause of death, only surpassed(D) are the nations third leading causes of death, surpassed only(E) have been ranked as the nations third leading causes of death, only surpassed解析：1. 主谓一致：从.its serious看出diabetes适用单数谓语，且together with不会引起谓语数的变化。知识点diabetes属疾病类的不可数名词，但形式上以s结尾，需小心！排除BDE2. 时态：全句说的是一个目前的事实/情况，没有涉及到对现在影响的内容，没有评价。所以适用一般现在时，排除E，且E被动不可取3. 语序：only应紧跟它所限定的内容。原意“仅次于心脏病和癌症”，中文上看似乎修饰的是“次于”即动词“surpass”,殊不知only是为了强调“只被两个*超过”，修饰的是surpass的状语 by 。所以需置于by前，而非surpass前。排除BCE4. 罗嗦：C项放着好好的rank这么简单的动词不去，用have the rank of (用长不如用短)，排除C5. 生词：complications并发症 rank vt 把.分等级； vi 分属于答案：A6. In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls.(A) due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing(B) due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such levels that salt from the stone would crystallize(C) because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within them to levels such that salt from the stone would crystallize(D) because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels so high as to make the salt from the stone crystallize (E) because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing解析：1. 逻辑：因果连锁：（游客呼气-形成湿度-湿度达一定水平造成盐结晶，且墙上长霉菌）-金字塔庭因需要清洁与检修而对游客关闭。括号里一系列因果链才是金字塔对游客关闭的原因，而不是字面上离得最近的呼气（且由上面的连锁看出这实际是关系最远的）。全句含义：金字塔内庭因为对游客关闭。要表达上面括号里那一连串最好的办法是用原因从句，而非一个小小的for或because of或due to能搞定的，因为它们（都是介词性质）都只能接名词性成份。故因逻辑错排除AB，因为AB所接的名词不能代表上述过程，而只截取了其中一个部分。2. 平行结构：划线部分后是and+从句，需要前面有平行结构与之呼应。排除BCD3. 修饰对象：（1）A中which修饰谁？按最近原则应该是tourists?，但其实说不通。排除A（2）B中”, thereby raising” 表伴随，无法修饰到moisture(不是主语)，只可能修饰主语chambers，不通 排除B4. 固定搭配：such + n + that “如此以致”， so that（以便/为了，表目的）用在这不搭配不说，还曲解了句意，坚决排除A；另C里such that位置放得不对，也排除5. 数的一致：主语是chambers，须复数形式。 排除AB（1）A中的its，不对，即使修饰tourists也不对（2）B中的its, raising its humidity（同上）（3）CD中的them, 语法上修饰tourists。6. 指指ourists，主语，而无法修饰到.原因人 at home.me.even make a short video when seeing someting ially for girls since we don代不明： （1）A项its,指代不明，按道理which 修饰最近的tourists，与its矛盾7. 不正常：D中 soas to表目的，与A犯了同样的错误，排除8. Fungus 真菌，霉菌；菌类(复数fungi 或 funguses)答案：E7.As its sales of computer products have surpassed those of measuring instruments, the company has become increasingly willing to compete for the mass market sales they would in the past have conceded to rivals.(A) they would in the past have conceded to rivals(B) they would have conceded previously to their rivals(C) that in the past would have been conceded previously to rivals(D) it previously would have conceded to rivals in the past(E) it would in the past have conceded to rivals解析：1. 逻辑：“由于，该公司越来越想去夺取那些它过去会让给竞争对手的大众市场销售”2. 数的一致：从逻辑意思看，划线从句主语代词应指代the company，且从has increasingly.判断，应用单数。排除AB3. 重复： in the past 与 previously “以前“，排除C4. 修饰对象：D里的in the past 放最后，就不知道是修饰would have conceded 还是rivals了。排除D，如果是前者，那就是重复问题了5. 省略: 定语从句引导词如在从句里作宾语，则that可省，如作主语，不能省（注意：如果是从句套从句，即此定从被套在其他从句里，最好不省，不然有歧义），本题sales和they之间就是省去了that 的答案：E8. The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.(A) that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding(B) that the universe had begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and had been expanding(C)that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that has expanded(D)the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that is expanding(E) the universe to have begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding解析：1. 逻辑：“被广泛认可的大暴炸理论认为：宇宙开始于100-200亿年前的一个爆炸瞬间，并且从那以后不断地在扩大。”扩大的是宇宙，不是瞬间，排除C2. 时态：（1）ten to twenty billion years ago，过去特定时点，前面的动作必须用一般过去时，排除BDE， （2）expand发生在begin in an explosive instant后，且一直延续到今天。所以应用完成进行时，排除BCD3. 修饰对象：（1）C里的that has expanded修饰的是instant， 不合逻辑，排除C（2）D里的to have been 为动词不定式作定语，修饰 the beginning，不直接且罗嗦。而that is expanding为定语从句，修饰beginning。4. 平行结构：E项to have begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago与ha