U1 Book 3 (第三版 to students).doc

Unit 1Unit 1Text II. Writing Skills1. Narration (primary purpose):experience of an interview2. Sequence: time. (It is written in the order which the events occurred)Application -Fear -Interview3. Description (not lengthy, does not carry much weight)The description contributes to the main purpose of narration, convincing the reader of the unpleasantness of his first job interview. It helps to make the narrative more vivid.Journey: awkward/ a long way from home/ inconvenient transportation / hotSurroundings: Outside the school building: dreary house/ dust/ fumes from a busy main roadInside the school building: smell of the cabbage / dingy/ ink marks/ crumbs on the carpetImpression of the headmaster: unpleasant appearance II. Language Points1. advertise advertise (v.)vt.e.g. Do salesmen their goods?Where do people their products? They their products in newspapers or on TV. vi. for e.g. The family will for a servant. People usually for their lost properties in a newspaper or on a billboard advertiser (n.) advertisement (n.) = ad e.g. The store has an in the newspaper for a special sale. Have you ever received s in your mailbox?cf. commercial (n.) -an advertisement on television or radio (电视、广播之) 广告2. in a suburb: a part of the suburbs in the suburbs: all or one of the outlying district of a city e.g. Is our university in the city or in the suburbs? Is Shipai a suburb of Guangzhou? He planned to build a house in the suburb of Shanghai. cf. outskirts (n.) (通常指郊外适合于散步的地方) -(esp. of a town) the outer areas (常用于 in the outskirts 片语) 尤指城镇郊区；郊外 -the outer limits (常用于on the outskirts 片语中) 边界 e.g. We live in the suburbs. The children have been out for the day to some green spot on the outskirts.3. be short of: have not enough; lack ;be in need of be short on: be poorer at, be not so good at 在稍差，在较欠缺 e.g. The book has good information, but rather short on illustration.She is a nice person, but short on looks. 4. apply apply (v.)a) request to sb. for sth. e.g. If you want to go abroad, you may to the Consul for a visa. He has applied to the banker for a loan. I will to the boss for the position in person, not by letter.b) put into use or into position to serve its purpose 应用 sth. to sth. e.g. He applies a sticking plaster to the cut. Do you your knowledge to the practice? The teacher will the rule to every student. oneself / ones energy/ ones mind to sth./ doing sth. -concentrate ones thoughts on a taske.g. We must ourselves to our study.Paraphrase: He concentrates himself on learning French . If you try your best to do the job, you will soon finish it. applicant (n.) application (n.) make an to sb. for sth. e.g. We made an to the court for inquiry. The manager has received 20 s for the position.5. degree rank or grade given by a university to one who has passed an exam e.g. Bachelor of Arts / Science (BA/ BS) Master of Arts /Science (MA/ MS) Doctor of Philosophy (PH.D) 哲学博士 Doctor of Science / Medicine / Law to/ in degree 等级，程度 e.g. To what degree can he be trusted? He cannot be trusted in the slightest degree.6. land go, come, put on land; bring to lande.g. The plane ed safely. The pilot ed the airliner. bring to reach a positione.g. He ed himself in great difficulties. get (informal)e.g. If I manage to the job, I will stand you all a free drink. He ed a valuable prize.7. chances of: (often plural with singular meaning) possibility; likelihood that sth. will happene.g. You would have more chances of catching the train if you got a bus to the station instead of walking.Note: chances of doing sth. = hopes of doing sth. a chance of doing sth. / to do sth. = the opportunity to do sth.8. slim (adj.) e.g. hopes / chances of success a excuse a girl: a slender girl 9. summon: demand the presence of; call sb to sth. / sb. to do sth. e.g. The manager ed the shareholders to a general meeting. She ed a servant. The teacher ed me to the office. They ed three women to appear as witness 传唤证人 cf. summons (n.) 传票10. prove (proved, proved/ proven) -to show (oneself or itself) afterwards, in the course of time or experience, etc. to be of the quality; turn out to be e.g. He proved (himself) to be a coward. As it happened, my advice proved to be wrong. On the long journey, he proved himself to be an amusing companion. The article has proved (to be) most useful. = The article is proved (to be) most useful. / People proved the article most useful. He proved a real friend. It proved a of proof (n.) I believe what you say; I dont want any proof. proof (adj.)be against e.g. The tent material is against water.a waterproof coat / a bulletproof car / a soundproof room / a shockproof watch11. as a result : in the end e.g. As a result , he was given a good jog. He broke his leg, as a result, he had to stop his studies. as a result of : because of e.g. As a result of the war, other events occurred. He is unable to go to work as a result of the fall from his horse. He was late as a result of the snow. 12. depress -to lessen the strength of; to sadden; discourage 使不振作；使不景气 e.g. Rainy weather always es me. Her sad news ed me all day.depressed 作表语 e.g. Since her baby died, she has been so depressed that she cries at the least thing. He recalled his last evening with his fiance whenever he felt depressed.depressing 作定语 e.g. a depressing weather a depressing incident on my way to work13. survive survive (v.)a) vi. -to continue to live, esp. after coming close to death e.g. Of those wounded in the battle, only 3 d. He is the only man who d after the explosion.b) vt. -to continue to live after 经过活下来， 幸存 e.g. Only a few soldiers d the battle. Only ten of the crew d the shipwreck. Did anyone the earthquake? vt. -live longer than e.g. The man d his sister by 3 years. Insurance statistics show that most wives their husbands. survival (n.)a) u -surviving e.g. The of even a few made people grateful to God. His is still uncertain; he has been very badly hurt and may die.b) c -a person or sth. that remains or survives e.g. The old man is a from my great-grand mothers days. survivor (n.) (of accidents)e.g. There were 2 s of the air crash. This man was one of the s from the earthquake.14. moustache : on the upper lip cf. beard : hair of lower part of the face (excluding moustache)15. a freckled forehead = a forehead with freckles on freckle (v./n.) e.g. Some people freckle more easily than others.16. look at sb. with an air of / do sth. with an air of air: appearance; manner e.g. He speaks with an air of importance / success / surprise / sadness / excitement. 17. to do ones shoelaces = fasten ones shoelaces18. smell (smelled / smelt) vt. e.g. She smelled the meat to see if it was fresh. vi. e.g. We smell with our nose. link v. e.g. The dish smells good vi. of有 的味道e.g. Your breath smells of brand. The air smelled of paint. 19. go: to become (by a natural change, or by changing on purpose) (自然的或故意的)变成，使变成 e.g. She is going grey. / Her hair is going grey. The milk went sour. He has gone mad/ blind. He went white with anger. 20. proceed proceed (vi.): go forward to 前进 to sth. e.g. Please to the next light, and then turn left. Lets to business. 着手工作 Dont stop! Proceed please. to do sth. = begin and continue to do sth. e.g. He ed to tell me the matter. After drinking a cup of tea, mother ed to cook the dinner. As soon as he came in, he ed to tell us all his troubles. with = go on with e.g. Lets with our work The politician waited for the applause to die down and ed with his speech. from = result from e.g. The whole trouble ed from a misunderstanding. against = charge against 控告 proceeding (n.) 活动，进行情况 e.g. He wrote an account of the s of the meeting.21. GSC = GCE (General Certificate of Education) CSE = Certificate of Secondary Education. Both are public examinations standardized to give national comparability. GCE is usually intended for pupil of an academic basis, usually those who want to enter a university.22. vital (adj.) connected with living He was wounded in a vital part. supreme, very important23. attach attach (v.)a) fasten or join one thing to another sth. to e.g. I will a label to my luggage. He ed a document to the letter. There is a house with a garage ed. There is a middle school ed to our university.b) consider to have; connect with importance / significance toe.g. Do you much importance to what he said? The old man did not much importance to the question. They ed significance to his speech.be /become attached to 变得喜欢, 依恋, 对有感情e.g. She is ed to her home.Are you ed to this university? attachment (n.)a) connectione.g. The of a machine is easy.b) part attached 附件e.g. A machine has manys.c) attached feelingse.g. She has a great to her sister.Do you have a great to your mother? 24. singular singular (adj.)a) uncommon, strange e.g. Dont make yourself so in your dress. 不要穿奇装异服b) outstanding 非凡的e.g. He is a man of courage.c) (gram.) of the form used in speaking or writing of one person or thing. singularly adv.)a) particularly 极b) strangely; in an unusual way奇异地 singularity (n.)a) strangeness ub) sth. unusual or sth. strange c25 .consist of: be made up of (no passive) paraphrase: Our class is made up of 28 students. This book has 18 units. 26. range from to : vary between limits e.g. Prices for books range from 10 cents to 100 dollars. The age of the students ranges from 22 to 25. range in fromto e.g. The books range in prices from 10 cents to 100 dollars. The students range in age from 22 to 25.27. appal appal (U.S. also appall ) -fill with fear or terror, shock deeply 惊吓，使惊吓 sb. e.g. The news appalled me.be appalled at / by: be shocked bye.g. I was appalled at the news. appalling (adj.) -terrible; cripple, bad 蹩脚，糟糕e.g. The news was . Mary is an cook. appallingly (adv.): terribly; verye.g. The figures of employment are high.We got hungry working so late.28. split (split, split, splitting) (vt.) divide into parts e.g. They the money between themselves. Lets the cost of the dinner party. The robbers the loot evenly. The family agreed to the estate. He (up) the book into 5 chapters. I will up the class into groups. (vt./vi.) break or cause to break, be brokene.g. When he bent over, he his pants. The water pressure the pipe. The lightening the tree. Dont our organization. Some kinds of wood easily. The board as I sawed it. on: give away the secret to ones disadvantage 告密 on sth. / sb. to sb. 向告的密e.g. The boy on me to the teacher.Dont on him to his father. ones sides (with laughter): laugh with movements of the sidese.g. They their sides at the joke. I my sides at the story.a second: a brief instant of timee.g. It happened in a second.a splitting headache: so severe that it feels that one head may crack29. incompetent: adj. not qualified or able 不合格的,不胜任的 be competent/ incompetent at sth./ doing sth.e.g. He is incompetent at his job.He is incompetent at working with his hands. be competent / incompetent to do sth.e.g. He is quite incompetent to be the leader.be competent/ incompetent at sth.e.g. He is competent at all the subjects.be competent/ incompetent for sth. 称职/不称职e.g. He is competent for his job.be competent/ incompetent as sth.e.g. He is competent as a teacher. incompetence (n.) e.g. He was dismissed for incompetence. 30. constitute constitute (v.)a) form/ make up/ be 构成e.g. The best of 3 games s a win. 三盘两胜How many departments our university?b) establish建立（制度/机构） e.g. We must good traffic regulations. constitution (n.)a) the way in which sth. is made upe.g. The of a society is not simple.b) the body of laws and principles according to which a country is governed 宪法e.g. According to American Constitution, presidential elections are held every 4 years.c) the general condition of a persons body or mind 身心状况（体质）e.g. The old man still has a strong .John has a very healthy .31. ultimate (adj.) (not formal) greatest, after which no other can be considerede.g. Ultimate authority is exercised by the King. He has done stupid things before, but to look for the escaping gas with a match was the silliness. last or farthest distance, being at the end or happening at the ende.g. Becoming president is his goal.Their victory is not in question.32. indignity (antonym: dignity) e.g. The indignity of having to say sorry to a woman is unbearable. the indignities of an illness: such as being washed and dressed by someone else 33. diffident the antonym of diffident: confident diffidence (n.)34. the last straw/ the straw that breaks the camels back -something in addition to a set of troubles which makes them at last too much to bear 经过一系列打击或不愉快的事又无法忍受的事e.g. The hotel was expensive, the food was poor and the bad weather was the last straw.He couldnt get the job, being laughed at was the last straw.35. prospect (n.) u reasonable hope of something happening; expectation. 希望，展望，可能性 e.g. There is not much of my being able to see you before next month. There is no of my success. something that is expected 前景，展望之物e.g. Our s about the play are good.There is a of a change in the weather. 36. leisure leisure (n.)可作定语“空闲的” e.g. time/ occupationsat leisure a) 作表语，“有空”= be freee.g. I only meant that when you are at leisure, you might think the matter over.I am quite at leisure if you want me to do anything for you.b) 作状语，“从容地，慢慢地”=without haste; leisurely(adv.)e.g. I put off writing to you till today that I might write at leisure.The doctor directed me to live more leisurely.We talked as we walked leisurely along. leisurely (adj.)e.g. We had a leisurely meal.He did everything in a leisurely manner.Grammar: 评论性的分词短语 (comment participial phrase)A comment participial phrase is used in a sentence as a comment about the statement. In such a structure, the doer of the verb in the phrase is not identical with the subject of the sentence. This is how a comment participial phrase is different from one which acts as an adverbial in the sentence.e.g. Considering the amount she paid, the cat was dear in more ways than one.(If we consider the amount she paid, the cat was dear in more ways than one.)Judging from what you say, he has done his best. (