Unit 4 人教）.doc

人民教育出版社 必修一 畅言教育Unit 4 Earthquake蚌埠二中 马爱军 教材分析本单元的主题是“地震”。Warming Up部分Pre-Reading部分要求学生描述、讨论与地震有关的话题。Reading部分是一篇新闻报道，介绍了唐山大地震前的预兆、地震造成的城市建筑和人畜损失以及地震后的救援情况。Learning about Language 部分涉及了本单元的词汇和语法。该部分主要通过阅读和句型练习帮助学生学习单词、数字的表达法以及有that, which, who, whose引导的定语从句，培养学生的自主学习能力。Using Language部分的“读写说（Reading, writing and speaking）”训练提供了一封信，要求学生阅读后写一篇大地震纪念公园落成仪式上的演讲稿，接着说一说唐山大地震纪念邮票。随后的听力（Listening）是一位美国人以第一人称叙述他在1906年旧金山大地震中的可怕经历。写作（Writing）部分训练学生如何写新闻报道，学会拟写作提纲。 教学目标1. Knowledge aims: 知识目标1) Students can master the useful new words and expressions in this passage.2) Students know basic knowledge about natural disasters.3) The attributive clause (I)由that, which, who, whose引导的定语从句The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.It was heard in Beijing which is one hundred kilometers away.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.2. Ability aims: 能力目标1) Students reading ability can be developed.2) Students learn to collect useful information from the Internet by themselves.3. Emotional aim: 情感目标1) Students know damages earthquakes bring about and the ways to reduce losses of earthquakes.2) Students to know how to protect oneself and help others in earthquakes.3) Get the students to be aware of terrible disasters, meanwhile get them to face it, treat it in a proper way, and never get discouraged. 教学方法1) Skimming and scanning2) Asking-and-answering activity to check the Ss understanding of the text3) Cooperative learning : pair or group work to finish each task4) Task-based teaching and learning5) Discussion 课前准备A recorder, a computer, a projector 教学重难点Important teaching points1. Students can know basic knowledge about natural disasters.2. students learn about Tangshan Earthquake.Difficult teaching pointsDevelop the students reading ability. 教学过程Step 1 Leading in and Warming upGreetingsTalk about “Natural Disasters”Step 2 Pre-reading Introduce Tang Shan Earthquake to students.Some other big earthquakes in recent years The big earthquake in Pakistan and India in 2005. The big earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province in 2008. The Haiti Earthquake happened in January2010. The Yushu Earthquake in Qinhai Province in April 2010. The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011.Have you ever heard about Tangshan Earthquake? When did it happen?Can you say anything about San Francisco? Can you imagine what the city of San Francisco was like after an earthquake?Step 3 While-reading Read the passage and find out the topic sentence of each paragraph. ParagraphTopic sentence1234Join the correct parts of the sentences1. The chickens didnt eat becauseA. the army came to help them.2. The people didnt worry becauseB. the quake happened while they were sleeping.3. Such a great number of people died becauseC. they were nervous.4. Water was needed becauseD. dams and wells were useless.5. The people did not lose hope becauseE. they didnt know what the strange events meant.用心用情 服务教育Step 4 Careful reading Para 1 List some signs before Tang Shan Earthquake.1) Bright light flashes in the sky.2) The well has deep cracks in it, and the water in it rises and falls.3) Chickens are flying and dogs are barking, and pigs and cows are too nervous to eat.4) Fish jump out of the pond, and mice run wildly out of the fields.Para 2-3 Discussion Task 1: After the earthquake, what happened to people, animals and buildings?Task 2: Under some numbers in the two paragraphs. of the nation felt the earthquake .A huge crack that was kilometres long and metres wide cut across housesIn terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than .All of the citys hospitals, _ of its factories and buildings and of its homes were gone.Damage caused by earthquakeAt _ am, the _ earthquake of the 20th century began._ burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of _._ covered the ground like red autumn leaves.Two _ and most of the bridges fell. The railway tracks were now _pieces of _._ now filled the wells instead of water. Water, food and _ were hard to get.Para 4 Ask a question: Why does the writer say not all hope is lost?True or false?1. People in Tangshan were warned of the earthquake and didnt go to bed that night.2. People in Beijing also felt the earthquake.3. More than 400,000 people were killed in the quake.4. Many rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins during the aftershock.5. People tried to get fresh water from under the ground.Further reading : Read the text carefully again and choose the best answer 1. What does “them” in the sentence “No wind, however, could blow them away.” (in Paragraph 3) refer to?A. Red autumn leaves. B. Bricks on the ground.C. Bodies of dead animals. D. Sand in the wells.2. The title “A night the earth didnt sleep” means _.A. the earth was awake all night longB. people on the earth couldnt fall asleep that nightC. the earth shook like crazy that nightD. animals on the earth would not sleep that night3. All the following unusual things happened before the quake except that _.A. the water in the village wells rose and fell B. the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eatC. tens of thousands of cows would never give milk againD. fish jumped out of bowls and ponds4. People in the city went to bed as usual that night because _.A. they didnt think it was strange for water pipes to crack and burstB. they thought it was easy to experience an earthquakeC. they thought sleeping was the most important thing whatever would happenD. they could never imagine there would e an earthquake Step 5 Post-reading 1. Know something about the seismic belts (地震带) in the world 2. Can we stop earthquakes?We cant stop earthquakes, but we can try to reduce the losses caused by earthquakes.To build houses as strong as possible; To build houses on rock rather than on sand.3. What can we do after earthquake? Try to rescue people;Try to rebuild families;Try to forget sad experiences and live with strong belief.DiscussionQ: What shall we do if an earthquake happens?1. Get under a heavy table or desk and hold on, or sit or stand against an inside wall.2. Keep away from windows. 3. If indoors, stay indoors. 4. If outdoors, stay away from falling debris, trees and power lines. 5. If in a car, stay in the car. 6. Many injuries occur when people act on their impulse to run. Q: Review the text and find words or expressions that are difficult for you. Step 6 Language points1. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away想象你的家开始摇动你必须马上离开。 【用法归纳】 at once 立刻；马上immediately adv. 立刻；马上in no time立刻；马上right now 现在；立刻；马上 He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away. 他病了，你应该立即请医生来。Hes not in the office right now. 他现在不在办公室。2. In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。tooto太而不能【用法归纳】(1) tooto太而不能(表示否定意义)Tom is too young to go there on his own汤姆年纪太小，不能独自一人去那里。too.to. 句型表示“太以至于不能”，可转化为 not.enough to.和 so.that.。The child is too young to dress himself.=The child is not old enough to dress himself.=The child is so young that he cant dress himself. 这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。2. In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。(P. 26 L4)tooto太而不能【用法归纳】(1) tooto太而不能(表示否定意义)Tom is too young to go there on his own汤姆年纪太小，不能独自一人去那里。(2) too前有not，never，cant等否定词修饰时构成双重否定，表示肯定意义，意为“并非太；不会太；再也不过分”。One can never be too late to learn活到老，学到老。You cant be too careful to do your homework你做作业时越仔细越好。 (2012 陕西高考) I thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home Awont Bcant Ccan Dwill3. In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。(P. 26 L.7)burst vi. 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发The tyre of the car burst suddenly. 轮胎突然爆裂。There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。burst out crying/laughing 突然哭起来/笑起来burst into tears/laughter/angry speech 突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in. 门突然打开，闯进了一群孩子。 4. But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐山市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。(P. 26 L.8)think little of轻视；对评价不高；不看重 Dont think little of others不要轻视别人。The teacher thought little of your article老师对你的作文评价不高。think nothing of把看得很平常；不屑一顾think muchhighlywell of对高度评价speak highlywell of对高度赞扬sing high praise for对高度赞扬who引导非限制性定语从句I was the only person in our office who was invited.我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. 汤姆的父亲仍然整天勤奋工作，他已经60岁了。（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）( 1 ). Dr Jones， comes from Canada, will give a lecture tomorrow afternoon( 2 ). After the storm in Beijing，people were suffering in that area，_badly needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive5. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 似乎到了世界末日! 知识点一：at an end 终止；结束（在句中通常做表语）The long hot summer was at last at an end(朗文P.327) 漫长的酷暑终于过去了。【拓展延伸】end有关短语in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of短语)at an end结束，终结(在句中作表语)at the end of在末(尽头)by the end of 到末为止(常与完成时态连用)put an end to sth. 结束；终结come to an end 结束，终止知识点二： seem vi. 好像；似乎 It seemed like a good idea这主意好像不错。She seemed (to be) very interested她似乎颇感兴趣。They seem to believe him他们似乎不相信他的话。（2007浙江卷）It seemed that he was lying他似乎在撒谎。It seemed that he had known the truth.He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。知识点三：as if（though）似乎，好像It looks as if the weather is changing. 天看起来天要变。（表语从句）He treated her as if she were his daughter. 他对待她好像是自己的女儿。（方式状语从句）It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun（表语从句）(2013山东高考究形填空) 好像除了我每个人都有朋友都很开心。 【拓展延伸】“as if/though+从句”表示虚拟 虚拟情况 从句时态与现在事实相反 一般过去时态与过去事实相反 过去完成时态与将来事实相反 would/might/could +动词原形She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看上去好像年轻了10岁。He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 Jack wasnt saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever（方式状语从句）(2011湖南高考单项填空) 杰克没说什么，但足老师向他微笑，好像他之前做的是明 智之举似的。如果从句表示的是客观事实，则不用虚拟语气。Hurry up! It looks as if it is going to rain快点!看起来好像要下雨了。完成句子： When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it broken当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去好像断了。 They are talking as if they friends for years他们说话很亲热，就像多年的老朋友似的。【高考连接】(1)（2012北京卷）Dont handle(拿) the vase as if it _ made of steel. A. is B. were C. has been D. had been6. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。(P. 26 L.9) ruin n. U毁坏；毁灭，崩溃； C(pl.) 废墟，遗迹v. (使) 破产，毁灭 , 毁坏Dont let a small disagreement ruin your friendship不要让小小的分歧损害你们的友谊。 She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood她回家后发现家具全被洪水毁坏了。Years of fighting have left the area in ruins. 多年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。ruin有关短语in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪fall ininto ruin灭亡；荒废ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康 7. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。 知识点一：Two-thirds三分之二 “分数百分数of名词”结构在句子中作主语时，谓语动词与后面的名词的数一致。ruin有关短语in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪fall ininto ruin灭亡；荒废ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康 Three quarters of the surface of the earth is covered by water地球表面的四分之三被水覆盖。 About sixty percent of the teachers in this school are women这所学校里大约百分之六十的教师是女的。 【用法归纳】 （1）分数表示法：分数在英语中通常是借助于基数词和序数词来共同表达的。其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。分子除用one外，也可用a；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。但是，12不能说a（one）second，而要说a（one）half。14和34可以说a（one）fourth和three fourths，但常用a quarter和three quarters表示。The centimeter is one-tenth of the decimeter or one-hundredth of the meter厘米是分米的十分之一，或者说是米的百分之一。About two thirds of the students attend the meeting大约23的学生都参加了会议。 知识点二：injure vt.（尤指事故中）伤害;伤害（感情，自尊心等）; This could seriously injure the companys reputation这会严重损害公司的声誉。Brown was seriously injured in the traffic accident，so he was in hospital布朗因为在交通事故中受了重伤，所以住院了。The moment the terrible accident happened，ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital可怕的事故一发生，救护车把受伤的人火速送到医院。【同根词拓展】injured adj受伤的 the injured伤员 injury n伤；伤口；伤害You mustnt move someone if he is badly hurt如果有人受重伤，不要动他。 She was badly hurt by his words. 她被他的话严重伤害。Does it hurt here? Here?这儿疼吗？这儿？（不及物动词） Although he got seriously wounded in the head，he went on fighting heroically虽然他头部受重伤，但仍继续英勇作战。 The bird hopped about helplessly as if one of its wings had been injured这鸟孤弱地跳着好像翅膀受了伤。 Im afraid that in his anger he would harm the child我担心他在愤怒中会伤害孩子。 The shower will do no harm to the crops这阵雨对庄稼不会有危害。 8. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. 50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。（P26 , L23）millions of“数百万的”。 Millions of people took part in the strike. 数百万人参加了那次罢工。 【用法归纳】 1) million的复数形式不与数词连用，后加of表示数量之多。如：不可说five millions of books。2) 与数字连用不用复数形式，其后不加of。如：two million books五百万本书。 3) 类似的用法还有thousand, hundred, dozen, score等。如：thousands of上千的，hundreds of几百的，dozens of几十的, tens of thousands of好几万，成千上万的。9. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. 井里满是沙子，而不是水。（P26 L23-24）instead of“代替，而不”。后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语等。 Why did they choose Tom instead of David? 他们为什么选Tom代替David？We walked down the stairs instead of taking the lift. 我们走楼梯下来的，而没有乘电梯。 He came by train instead of by bus.他坐火车来的，而没有坐汽车。 10. People were shocked. 人们惊呆了。 shock (1) vt使震惊；使震 动；电击 (2) n. 打击；震惊；震动；电击；休克; (c. n) “令人震惊的事物”The news of Scotts death shocked the world斯科特的死讯让整个世界为之震惊。 As he arrived, he was shocked at how friendly the people were到了那里后，当地人的友好让她大为吃惊。Lying in a pool of blood on the basement floor, Kruger felt himself going into shock躺在血泊中，克鲁格觉得自己快要休克了。（2007辽宁卷）【同根词拓展】shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)； shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物) (1) 完成句子 The news of his wifes death was _ him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。 He _ her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。 _ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震。 11. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次几乎和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。（P26 L24-25）【用法归纳】 which引导定语从句 (1) Which 引导定语从句, 在从句中做主语或宾语，当宾语时可以省去，但做介词宾语时不可省去。(2) which作主语指它前面的整个句子，不可用that代替，强调结果。Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。The novel which Tom bought is very interesting. 汤姆买的小说很有意思。Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday? 你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？12. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。（P26 L25-26） (1) The driver who died in the accident could have _，but he was sent to hospital too lateAcured Brecovered Csurvived Drescued (2) The policeman _the thief into a place where he could not escape and caught him. Aled Bbrought Ccaught Dtrapped (3) There was a flood in the mine, and twenty miners were _ underground. A. watered B. settled C. trapped D. recognize (4) The rescue team has saved more than ten people _ under the buildings since the earthquake broke out in Yaan. A. trapping B. to be trapped C. trapped D. having trapped 13. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 人们开始感到疑惑，这场灾难还会持续多久。（P26 L27）（1）wonder vt. 想知道；对感到好奇疑惑。常用句型：wonder + who /when/how/why引导宾语从句“想知道谁/何时/如何/为何？”I wonder at his beautiful singing他优美的歌声让我感到很惊讶。I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came. 我很想知道他是谁，从哪来，来干什么。Do you ever stop to wonder why youre going to college? 你停下来想过为什么要上大学吗? （2009四川卷）（2）I wonder if/whether (礼貌的请求) 能请吗；我可以吗？I wonder if you can help me不知你是否能帮我。（2010天津卷）【拓展延伸】（1）作名词，意为“ 奇迹; 奇事；感到疑惑的事” 常用句型： Its a wonder that 奇怪的是；令人惊奇的是。 (Its) no wonder (that) 难怪; 不足为奇。The Great Wall is one of the great wonders the Chinese people have worked. 长城是中国人民创造的伟大奇迹之一。 Its a wonder that you didnt lose your way in the dark你在黑暗中居然没有迷路，这真是个奇迹。Her child is missingIt is no wonder that she is so upset她的孩子不见了，难怪她心神不宁。14. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。 （1）shelter n. 居所； 避难所；（无家可归者或受虐待者的）收容所； 遮蔽；vt庇护；保护；为提供避难所; vi躲避；避难。 Food, clothing fuel and shelter are the four most basic human needs食物、衣物、燃料和住所是人类四种最基本的需求。（2011湖北卷）Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。 （2）shelter动词的用法。短语shelterfrom sbsth“庇护不受伤害”。 We sat in the shade, sheltering from the sun我们坐在背阴处躲避日晒。The darkness of the night sheltered their activities黑夜掩护了他们的行动。 完成句子: Trees were planted to _this area_ strong sand storms人们种树使这个地区免受强沙尘暴侵袭。【高考连接】 (1) （2013，湖北卷）What I can say is that he may spoil his son，for he is always trying to shelter him _ being scolded Afrom Boff C. to Dout (2)（2014重庆卷完形填空）He had a real gift for handling chores（家务活），_ me from unpleasant repair jobs. A. attracting B. sheltering C. driving D. prohibiting 15. All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。allnot= not all为不完全否定结构， 意为“并非所有的都”。All these books are not popular with people=Not all these books are popular with people这些书并非全都受人们的欢迎 【用法归纳】英语中的all，b